GB/T 9535-1998 PDF English
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| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivery | Name of Chinese Standard | Status |
| GB/T 9535-1998 | English | 350 |
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Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic(PV) modules-design qualification and type approval
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| GB/T 9535-1988 | English | RFQ |
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Environmental test methods for terrestrial silicon solar cell module
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GB/T 9535-1998: Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic(PV) modules-design qualification and type approval
---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT9535-1998
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 27.160;31.260
F 12
eqv IEC 1215.1993
Replacing GB/T 9535-1988
Replacing GB/T 14007-1992
Replacing GB/T 14009-1992
Crystalline Silicon Terrestrial Photovoltaic (PV)
Modules-Design Qualification and Type Approval
Issued on. NOVEMBER 17, 1998
Implemented on. JUNE 1, 1999
Issued by. State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
IEC Foreword... 4
1 Scope and object... 5
2 Normative References... 5
3 Sampling... 6
4 Marking... 6
5 Testing... 7
6 Pass Criteria... 7
7 Major Visual Defects... 8
8 Report... 10
9 Modifications... 11
10 Test Procedures... 11
10.1 Visual inspection... 11
10.2 Performance at STC... 12
10.3 Insulation test... 12
10.4 Measurement of temperature coefficients... 13
10.5 Measurement of nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT)... 14
10.6 Performance at NOCT... 21
10.7 Performance at low irradiance... 21
10.8 Outdoor exposure test... 24
10.9 Hot-spot endurance test... 24
10.10 UV test... 31
10.11 Thermal cycling test... 31
10.12 Humidity-freeze test... 33
10.13 Damp-heat test... 35
10.14 Robustness of terminations test... 36
10.15 Twist test... 38
10.16 Mechanical load test... 39
10.17 Hail test... 40
1 Scope and object
This International Standard lays down IEC requirements for the design qualification and type
approval of terrestrial photovoltaic modules suitable for long-term operation in general open-air
climates, as defined in GB/T 4797.1.It applies only to crystalline silicon types. Standards for thin-
film modules and other environments, such as marine or equator conditions, are under consideration.
This standard does not apply to modules used with concentrators.
The object of this test sequence is to determine the electrical and thermal characteristics of the
module and to show, as far as is possible within reasonable constraints of cost and time, that the
module is capable of withstanding prolonged exposure in climates described in the scope. The actual
lifetime expectancy of modules so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the
conditions under which they are operated.
2 Normative References
The provisions in following documents become the essential provisions of this Document
through reference in this Document. For the dated documents, only the versions with the dates
indicated are applicable to this Document; for the undated documents, only the latest version
(including all the amendments) is applicable to this Document.
GB/T 2421-1989 Basic environmental testing procedures for electric and electronic products -
General and guidance (eqv IEC 68-1.1988)
GB/T 2423.3-1993 Basic environmental testing procedures for electric and electronic products
- Test Ca. Damp heat, steady state (eqv IEC 68-2-3.1984)
GB/T 2423.29-1982 Basic environmental testing procedures for electric and electronic
products -Test U. robustness of terminations and integral mounting devices (eqv IEC 68-2-
21.1980)
GB/T 2828-1987 Sampling procedures and tables for lot-by-lot inspection by attributes (Apply
to inspection of successive lots or batches)
3 Sampling
Eight modules for qualification testing (plus spares as desired) shall be taken at random from a
production batch or batches, in accordance with the procedure given in GB/T 2828.The
modules shall have been manufactured from specified materials and components in accordance
with the relevant drawings and process sheets and have been subjected to the manufacturer's
normal inspection, quality control and production acceptance procedures.
4 Marking
Each module shall carry the following clear and indelible markings.
5 Testing
The modules shall be divided into groups and subjected to the qualification test sequences in
Figure 1, carried out in the order laid down.
6 Pass Criteria
A module design shall be judged to have passed the qualification tests, and therefore to be IEC
type approved, if each test sample meets all the following criteria.
7 Major Visual Defects
For the purposes of design qualification and type approval, the following are considered to
be major visual defects.
8 Report
Following type approval, a certified report of the qualification tests, with measured
performance characteristics and details of any failures and re-tests, shall be prepared by the test
agency in accordance with IECQ procedure QC 001 002.A copy of this report shall be kept by
the manufacturer for reference purposes.
9 Modifications
Any change in the design, materials, components or processing of the module may require a
repetition of some or all of the qualification tests to maintain type approval.
10 Test Procedures
10.1 Visual inspection
10.2 Performance at STC
10.2.1 Purpose
To determine how the electrical performance of the module varies with load at STC (cell
temperature. 25°C±2°C, irradiance. 1000 W•m-2, standard solar spectral irradiance distribution
conforms to the provisions of GB/T 6495.3) using natural sunlight or a class A simulator
conforming to the requirements of GB/T 6495.1.
10.3 Insulation test
10.3.1 Purpose
To determine whether or not the module is sufficiently well insulated between current carrying
parts and the frame.
10.3.2 Test conditions
The test shall be made on modules at ambient temperature of the surrounding atmosphere (see
GB/T 2421) and in a relative humidity not exceeding 75 %.
10.3.4 Test requirements
- no dielectric breakdown (less than 50μA) or surface cracking during step c);
- insulation resistance not less than 50 MΩ.
10.4 Measurement of temperature coefficients
10.4.1 Purpose
To determine the temperature coefficients of current (α) and voltage (β) from module
measurements. The coefficients so determined are valid at the irradiance at which the
measurements were made. For linear modules, they are also valid over an irradiance range of
±30 % of this level. This procedure supplements that in GB/T 6495.4 for measuring these
coefficients from a representative set of single cells.
10.4.2 Apparatus
10.5 Measurement of nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT)
10.5.1 Purpose
To determine the NOCT of the module.
10.5.2 Introduction
10.9.5 Procedure
All tests shall be performed at an ambient temperature of 25 °C ± 5 °C, with a wind speed less
than 2 m·s-1.Any hot-spot protective devices recommended by the manufacturer shall be
installed before the module is tested.
10.9.5.1 Case S
10.12 Humidity-freeze test
10.12.1 Purpose
To determine the ability of the module to withstand the effects of high temperature and humidity
followed by sub-zero temperatures. This is not a thermal shock test. There are two alternative
methods. single-chamber and two-chamber.
10.12.2 Single-chamber method
10.12.2.1 Apparatus
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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