GB/T 21196.2-2025 (GB/T 21196.2-2007) PDF English
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GB/T 21196.2-2007: Textiles - Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method - Part 2: Determination of specimen breakdown
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GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 59.080.30
W 04
Textiles - Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics
by the Martindale method - Part 2.Determination of
specimen breakdown
(ISO 12947-2.1998, MOD)
Issued on: NOVEMBER 12, 2007
Implemented on: JULY 01, 2008
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of PRC;
National Standardization Administration.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 5
2 Normative references... 5
3 Terms and definitions... 6
4 Principle... 6
5 Instruments and auxiliary materials... 7
6 Humidification and test atmosphere... 7
7 Sampling and test preparation... 7
8 Abrasion test steps... 10
9 Results... 11
10 Test report... 11
Appendix A (Normative) Preparation of specimens for special fabrics... 12
Appendix B (Informative) Test precision... 15
Textiles - Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics
by the Martindale method - Part 2.Determination of
specimen breakdown
1 Scope
This Part of GB/T 21196 specifies the test method for abrasion resistance with specimen
breakdown as the test endpoint.
This part applies to all textile fabrics, including nonwovens and coated fabrics.
This part does not apply to fabrics with a short abrasion life.
Note. Part 1 of this standard gives a more detailed introduction.
2 Normative references
The provisions in following documents become the provisions of this Standard through
reference in this Part of GB/T 21196.For the dated references, the subsequent
amendments (excluding corrections) or revisions do not apply to this Part; however,
parties who reach an agreement based on this Part are encouraged to study if the latest
versions of these documents are applicable. For undated references, the latest edition of
the referenced document applies.
GB 250 Gray scale for assessing change in colour (GB 250-1995, idt ISO105-
A02.1993)
GB/T 2828.1 Sampling procedures - Part 1.retrieval by acceptance quality limit
(AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection sampling plan (GB/T 2828.1-2003, idt ISO 2859-
1.1999)
GB 6529 Standard atmospheres for textiles conditioning and testing (GB 6529-1986,
neq ISO 139.1973)
GB/T 21196.1 Textiles - Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the
Martindale method - Part 1.Martindale abrasion testing apparatus (GB/T 21196.1-
2007, ISO 12947-1.1998, MOD)
loading block) is.
a) (795 ± 7) g (nominal pressure is 12 kPa). Applicable to work clothes, furniture
decorative fabrics, bedding linens, industrial fabrics.
b) (595 ± 7) g (nominal pressure is 9 kPa). Applicable to clothing and household
textiles (excluding furniture decoration fabrics and bed linens), and also to non-
clothing coated fabrics.
c) (198 ± 2) g (nominal pressure is 3 kPa). Applicable to clothing coated fabrics.
Continue the abrasion test until the specimen is breakdown (see Chapter 8).
Determine the total number of frictions based on the breakdown of the specimen.
Record the accumulated number of abrasions before the specimen is breakdown, that
is, the number of abrasions.
5 Instruments and auxiliary materials
5.1 Test instruments and auxiliary materials shall comply with the provisions of GB/T
21196.1; for coated fabrics, No.600 abrasion sandpaper shall be used as the standard
abrasive.
5.2 Magnifying glass or microscope, such as an 8× magnifying glass.
6 Humidification and test atmosphere
The humidity and test atmosphere adopts the third-level standard atmosphere specified
in GB 6529, that is, temperature (20 ± 2) °C, relative humidity (65 ± 5)%.
7 Sampling and test preparation
7.1 General provisions
The number of batch samples shall be taken in accordance with the provisions of the
corresponding product standards or as agreed by the relevant parties, or in accordance
with the provisions of GB/T 2828.1.
The tensile stress during the entire sampling and specimen preparation process shall be
as small as possible, to prevent the fabric from being stretched inappropriately.
7.2 Selection of laboratory samples
Select representative samples from the batch samples; take the full width of the fabric
as laboratory samples.
7.3 Cutting specimens from laboratory samples
Before sampling, place the laboratory samples in a relaxed state on a smooth, air-
circulating surface and place them in the standard atmosphere specified in Chapter 6
for at least 18 hours.
At least 100 mm away from the edge of the fabric, cut a sufficient number of specimens
from the entire laboratory sample, generally at least 3 pieces.
For woven fabrics, each specimen taken shall contain different warp or weft yarns.
For jacquard fabrics or fancy fabrics, it shall be noted that the specimen contains all the
features of each part of the pattern, to ensure that the specimen includes the pattern parts
that may be sensitive to abrasion. Each part is sampled separately.
7.4 Dimensions of specimens and auxiliary materials
7.4.1 Dimensions of specimens
The diameter of the specimen shall be mm.
7.4.2 Dimensions of abrasives
The diameter or side length of the abrasive shall be at least 140 mm.
7.4.3 Dimensions of abrasive felt backing
The diameter of the woven wool felt backing shall be mm.
7.4.4 Dimensions of foam pads for specimen fixtures
The diameter of the foam pads for specimen fixtures shall be mm.
7.5 Preparation of specimens for special fabrics
7.5.1 Elastic fabrics
See Chapter A.1 of Appendix A.
7.5.2 Corduroy fabrics and pile fabrics
See Chapter A.2 of Appendix A.
7.6 Preparation and installation of specimens and auxiliary materials
7.6.1 Preparation
Mold or cut the specimens from laboratory samples. Pay special attention to the
neatness of the cut edges, to avoid unnecessary material loss during the next step of
processing.
Prepare abrasive fabric, felt and foam plastic auxiliary materials in the same way.
Note. In some cases, auxiliary materials are available in ready-made sizes.
7.6.2 Installation of specimens
Place the specimen fixture nut on the mounting device of the instrument table; place
the specimen with the friction surface facing down in the center of the clamping nut.
When the unit area mass of the specimen is less than 500 g/m2, place the foam plastic
pad on the specimen. Place the specimen fixture insert in the clamping nut; then put the
specimen fixture socket on it and tighten it.
Note. When installing the specimen, avoid distorting the fabric.
7.6.3 Installation of abrasive
Remove the specimen fixture guide; place the felt on the grinding table; place the
abrasive on the felt. When placing the abrasive, make sure that the warp and weft yarns
of the abrasive fabric are parallel to the edge of the instrument table.
Press a weight with a mass of (2.5 ± 0.5) kg and a diameter of (120 ± 10) mm onto the
felt and abrasive on the grinding table; tighten the clamping ring; fix the felt and
abrasive; remove the pressure weight.
7.7 Effective life of auxiliary materials
New abrasives need to be replaced for each test. If the wool standard abrasive is rubbed
more than 50000 times in an abrasion test, the abrasive shall be replaced every 50000
times; if the water sandpaper standard abrasive is rubbed more than 6000 times, the
abrasive shall be replaced every 6000 times.
After each abrasion test, check the stains and abrasion on the felt. If there are stains or
visible abrasion, replace the felt. Both sides of the felt can be used.
For abrasion tests using foam plastics, use a new piece of foam plastic for each test.
7.8 Preparation of abrasion tester
After installing the specimen and auxiliary materials, place the specimen fixture guide
in the appropriate position; accurately place the specimen fixture and pin on the
corresponding workbench; place the loading block specified for the abrasion test on the
pin of each specimen fixture.
9 Results
Determine the total number of frictions when each specimen is damaged (see Chapter
8). Take the accumulated number of frictions before the specimen is damaged as the
abrasion number. If necessary, calculate the average number of abrasion numbers and
the confidence interval of the average number.
If necessary, evaluate the discoloration of the friction area of the specimen according to
GB 250.
Note. For statistical evaluation of textiles or sensory testing of textiles, see GB/T 6379.
10 Test report
The test report shall include the following.
a) Standard number of this Part;
b) Description of the sample;
c) Friction load or nominal pressure used in the test;
d) Description of the abrasive used;
e) Pretreatment of the specimen;
f) Number of abrasions of a single specimen, or, if applicable, the evaluation results
combined with further observations, such as.
- Average number of abrasions (reported separately for ground and jacquard
structures);
- Confidence interval of the average value;
- Whether color change evaluation is performed (see Chapter 9).
g) Details of deviations from this procedure (e.g. special agreements for test
conditions or evaluation);
h) Test date.
Note. Information on test precision is given in Appendix B.
Appendix A
(Normative)
Preparation of specimens for special fabrics
A.1 Elastic fabrics
Prepare specimens for fabrics containing elastic fibers according to the following steps.
Cut or die-cut a square specimen of 60 mm × 60 mm with the sides parallel to the
stitches or yarn. Moisten the specimen and place it with the friction side facing
downwards on a square test bench of 45 mm × 45 mm. The four sides of the specimen
protrude from the square bench and are clamped with a clamp of 30 mm in length on
each side. A counterweight is hung from each clamp (be careful not to stretch the
specimen when hanging the weight). Place the four counterweights on a lowerable
bracket. The total mass of each counterweight and the clamp shall be 100 g. Lower and
raise the bracket (of course, the counterweights are also raised and lowered) three times
in rapid succession, so that the specimen is stretched three times under the load of the
four counterweights and then the load is released. Lower the bracket again; re-apply the
load to the specimen to stretch it. In this state, press a square sheet of 50 mm × 50 mm
with double-sided tape and a hole of 30 mm in diameter in the center on the tensile
specimen; fix it with adhesive tape. Raise the bracket again; remove the weight from
the specimen; remove the specimen from the mounting device; die-cut a specimen with
a diameter of 38 mm for the abrasion test. Care shall be taken to align the hole with a
diameter of 30 mm in the sheet accurately, so that the die-cut specimen is fixed by a 4
mm wide ring sheet in a slightly stretched state. In order to prevent the circular bonding
area from spreading, the specimen is mounted in the specimen fixture immediately after
cutting. See Figure A.1.
Note. A 0.2 mm thick transparent polyvinyl chloride sheet has proved to be effective. Before
die-cutting a square of 50 mm × 50 mm, stick double-sided tape (e.g. carpet tape) to one side
of the sheet; remove the protective film from the side to which the specimen is to be bonded.
Cut a central hole with a diameter of 30 mm in the square sheet. The specimen is mounted in
the specimen fixture with the side with the ring sheet facing up.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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