GB/T 18204.1-2025 PDF English
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Examination methods for public places - Part 1: Physical indicators
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Examination methods for public places - Part 1: Physical parameters
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GB/T 18204.1-2025: Examination methods for public places - Part 1: Physical indicators---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT18204.1-2025
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 13.060
CCS C 51
Replacing GB/T 18204.1-2013
Examination methods for public places -- Part 1.Physical
indicators
Issued on: MAY 30, 2025
Implemented on: DECEMBER 01, 2025
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
Introduction... 5
1 Scope... 6
2 Normative references... 6
3 Terms and definitions... 6
4 Air temperature... 7
5 Relative humidity... 9
6 Wind speed (electric anemometer method)... 13
7 new air volume... 14
8 Noise (digital sound level meter method)... 21
9 Illuminance (illuminometer method)... 23
10 Natural lighting coefficient... 24
11 Atmospheres (empty box pressure gauge method)... 25
12 Radiant heat... 26
13 Hot comfort... 29
14 Electromagnetic radiation (broadband omnidirectional field strength meter method)
... 30
15 UV radiation (UV spectrum analysis dose method)... 31
16 Radon concentration in the air... 33
17 Pool water temperature (thermometer method)... 33
18 Pool water transparency... 33
Annex A (normative) Requirements for on-site inspection point layout... 35
Annex B (informative) Tracer gas environmental background and toxicity level... 39
Examination methods for public places -- Part 1.Physical
indicators
1 Scope
This document describes the method for measuring physical indicators in public places.
This document is applicable for the determination of physical indicators in public places.
Refer to this document for indoor environments such as other places and living rooms.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 18049, Ergonomics of the thermal environment -- Analytical determination
and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of the PMV and PPD indices
and local thermal comfort criteria
GB/T 18883, Standards for indoor air quality
HJ/T 10.2, Guideline on management of radioactive environmental. Protection
electromagnetic radiation monitoring Instruments and Methods
HJ 1212, Measurement methods for determination of radon in environmental air
JGJ/T 309, The standard of the measurement and evaluation for efficiency of
building ventilation
ISO 7726, Ergonomics of the thermal environment -- Instruments for measuring
physical quantities
ISO/TS 14415.2005, Ergonomics of the thermal environment -- Application of
International Standards to people with special requirements
3 Terms and definitions
There are no terms or definitions that need to be defined in this document.
4 Air temperature
4.1 Glass liquid thermometer method
4.1.1 Principle
A glass liquid thermometer is composed of a thin-walled temperature chamber that
contains the thermometer liquid and a glass tube that is sealed and connected to the
temperature chamber. The change in air temperature will cause a change in the
temperature of the temperature pack, and the volume of liquid inside the temperature
pack will also change accordingly. When the temperature of the thermosphere increases,
the liquid expands and the liquid column inside the thin tube rises; vice versa. The glass
tube is marked with a scale to indicate the height of the liquid column inside the tube.
The liquid column height reading accurately indicates the temperature of the
temperature pack.
4.1.2 Instruments
The instruments used in this method are as follows.
- Glass liquid thermometer (with a minimum scale value not exceeding 0.2℃ and a
measurement accuracy of ± 0.5℃);
- Temperature gauge suspension bracket.
4.1.3 Measurement steps
The measurement steps are as follows.
a) The layout of measuring points shall be in accordance with the provisions of A.2
in Annex A;
b) Read after 5 min. Read decimals first and then integers when reading. The line of
sight should be perpendicular to the thermometer scale. Mercury thermometer
reads at the highest point of the convex lunar surface. The alcohol thermometer
reads at the lowest point of the concave lunar surface;
c) The reading should be fast and accurate to avoid human breath affecting the
accuracy of the reading;
d) Due to the post thermal effect of glass, the zero position of glass liquid
thermometers should be frequently calibrated with standard thermometers. If
there is a displacement at zero, the displacement value should be added to the
reading;
e) When exposed to sunlight or other thermal radiation, it is necessary to provide
thermal shielding for the temperature bulb. Avoid contact between hands and
The measurement steps are as follows.
a) Conduct periodic verification and pre use calibration of the instrument as required;
b) The layout of measuring points shall be in accordance with the provisions of A.2;
c) Operate according to the instrument manual;
d) After the reading displayed on the monitor stabilizes, the temperature value can
be read out.
4.2.4 Measurement Range
The air temperature ranges from 0℃~50℃.
5 Relative humidity
5.1 Resistance capacitance method
5.1.1 Principle
Measure humidity by utilizing the characteristic that the resistance and capacitance
values of humidity sensitive components change according to a certain pattern with the
variation of environmental humidity.
5.1.2 Instruments
Various hygrometers using resistive or capacitive humidity sensors (with a maximum
allowable error of no more than ±5% at 25℃).
5.1.3 Measurement steps
The measurement steps are as follows.
a) The layout of measuring points shall be in accordance with the provisions of A.2;
b) Operate the instrument according to the user manual. Read the relative humidity
value directly after the instrument reading stabilizes;
c) The moisture sensitive parts of the instrument's humidity sensitive components
should not be touched by hand. Avoid dust pollution, harmful gas corrosion, or
condensation.
5.1.4 Measurement range
The measurement range of a resistance hygrometer is 10%~90% under the condition of
0℃~60℃. The measurement range of a capacitive hygrometer is 0% to 100%.
5.3.6 Measurement range
The dew point temperature ranges from -45℃ to 60℃.
6 Wind speed (electric anemometer method)
6.1 Principle
A thermoelectric anemometer consists of a measuring head and a measuring instrument.
The heating coil (wire) of the measuring head is exposed to a certain wind speed,
causing changes in the heating current or voltage of the measuring head. As the degree
of temperature rise of the measuring head is negatively correlated with the wind speed,
the wind speed value can be displayed by an instrument (pointer type) or through a
display (digital display type).
6.2 Instruments
The minimum detection value of pointer type thermoelectric anemometer or digital
display thermoelectric anemometer should not exceed 0.05 m/s.
6.3 Measurement steps
The measurement steps are as follows.
a) The layout of measuring points shall be in accordance with the provisions of A.2;
b) Use the pointer type thermoelectric anemometer to adjust the zero and full points
of the instrument according to the instruction manual. The use of a digital thermal
anemometer requires self-inspection or preheating;
c) Gently pull out the measuring rod and probe. Align the red dot on the measuring
head with the direction of incoming wind. Read the wind speed value.
6.4 Expression of results
The measurement results of a region are given as the arithmetic mean of the
measurements taken at each measuring point within the region.
6.5 Measurement range and measurement deviation
Measurement range. 0.1 m/s~10 m/s. Within the range of 0.1 m/s~2 m/s, the relative
measurement deviation shall not exceed ±10%. Within the range of 2 m/s~10 m/s, the
relative measurement deviation shall not exceed ±15%.
8.5 Expression of results
The measurement results of a region are given as the arithmetic mean of the equivalent
A-weighted sound levels at each measuring point within the region.
9 Illuminance (illuminometer method)
9.1 Principle
An illuminance meter is made using the physical photoelectric phenomenon of
photosensitive semiconductor components. When external light enters the
photodetector (photoelectric element), the photoelectric element converts light energy
into electrical energy. Display the illuminance value of light through a reading unit
(ammeter or digital LCD panel).
9.2 Instruments
Illuminometer. the lower limit of the measuring range shall not exceed 1lx. The upper
limit shall not be less than 5000 lx. The indication error shall not exceed ± 8%.
9.3 Measurement steps
The measurement steps are as follows.
a) The layout of measuring points shall be in accordance with the provisions of A.4;
b) Check and adjust the illuminance meter according to the instructions in the user
manual;
c) The receiver of the illuminance meter should be clean and dust-free;
d) The illuminance meter receiver should be placed horizontally during
measurement;
e) Place the photodetector in the position to be tested. Select the range and read the
illuminance value;
f) The position and clothing of the operator should not affect the measurement results.
9.4 Expression of results
The average illuminance of an area is given as the arithmetic mean of the measurements
taken at each measuring point within that area.
B - The width of the indoor floor, in meters (m).
10.1.5 Scope of application
Suitable for the detection and evaluation of indoor natural lighting conditions in various
public places that utilize diffused outdoor sky light as a source of indoor lighting.
10.2 Laser infrared rangefinder (handheld) method
10.2.1 Principle
Accurately measure the effective daylighting area (including double-sided daylighting)
and indoor floor area of the daylighting port using a handheld laser infrared rangefinder.
The ratio between the two is the natural lighting coefficient.
10.2.2 Instruments
Laser infrared rangefinder (handheld). measurement accuracy is 2 mm.
10.2.3 Measurement steps
The measurement steps are as follows.
a) Measure the length and width of each indoor window (including the window
frame) one by one using a handheld laser infrared rangefinder, and record it;
b) Measure the length and width (including the area occupied by items) of the floor
of the room using a handheld laser infrared rangefinder, and record it;
c) Measure according to the safety operation specifications in the instrument manual.
10.2.4 Result calculation
The calculation of natural lighting coefficient is shown in formula (14).
10.2.5 Scope of application
It is suitable for the detection and evaluation of indoor natural lighting conditions in
various public places that utilize diffused outdoor sky light as a source of indoor lighting.
11 Atmospheres (empty box pressure gauge method)
11.1 Principle
Measure atmospheric pressure based on the compression or expansion characteristics
of a metal empty box (close to vacuum inside the box) with changes in air pressure. It
consists of three parts. induction, transmission, and indication. Elastic metal empty
boxes that are close to vacuum are balanced with elastic sheets. With compression or
12.2 Black sphere thermometer method
Use a black sphere thermometer to measure the radiated heat temperature in public
places according to the provisions of ISO 7726.The black sphere thermometer method
is applicable to heat radiation sources with multiple directions in public places.
13 Hot comfort
13.1 Determination and evaluation of average thermal sensation index (PMV) and
expected dissatisfaction rate (PPD) for thermal comfort
The determination and evaluation of PMV and PPD in public places shall be carried out
in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 18049.
13.2 Thermal comfort meter method
13.2.1 Principle
The thermal comfort meter integrates environmental physical parameter sensors. It can
measure key physical parameters such as air temperature, average radiation temperature,
wind speed, and relative humidity. Based on the clothing and activity characteristics of
on-site personnel, search for the thermal resistance and metabolic rate parameters of
human clothing and input them into the instrument. Calculate the corresponding
expected average thermal sensation index (PMV) and expected dissatisfaction rate
(PPD) through the built-in software of the instrument, and provide the corresponding
thermal sensation represented by PMV and PPD values.
13.2.2 Instruments
Thermal comfort meter. the measurement range and precision requirements for
temperature, humidity, and wind speed are specified in Chapters 4 to 6.The average
radiation temperature measurement range is 10℃~40℃. The precision is ± 2℃.
13.2.3 Measurement steps
The measurement steps are as follows.
a) Operate according to the instrument instructions;
b) To input metabolic rate and clothing thermal resistance, refer to Annex B and
Annex C of GB/T 18049-2017;
c) When considering individuals with special requirements such as physical
disabilities, use this document in accordance with ISO/TS 14415.2005 4.2.
13.2.4 Result evaluation
16 Radon concentration in the air
The radon concentration in indoor air of public places shall be tested in accordance with
the relevant provisions of GB/T 18883 and HJ 1212.
17 Pool water temperature (thermometer method)
17.1 Principle
The change in water temperature can cause a change in the temperature of the glass
liquid thermometer bulb, resulting in a change in the volume of liquid inside the bulb,
or a change in the electrical signal generated by the thermistor sensor of the digital
thermometer. The height of the liquid column inside the glass liquid thermometer
indicates the temperature of the pool water, while the digital thermometer directly
displays the temperature of the pool water on the monitor.
17.2 Instruments
The instruments used in this method are as follows.
- Glass liquid thermometer. measurement accuracy ± 1.0℃;
- Digital thermometer. measurement accuracy ± 1.0℃.
17.3 Measurement steps
The measurement steps are as follows.
a) Immerse the thermometer directly 15 cm~20 cm below the surface of the pool
water. Measure after the reading remains constant;
b) If the water temperature cannot be directly measured, it can be done in a water
sample bottle. Collect at least 1 L of water into a water sample bottle. Soak the
water sample bottle in water for 1~2 min before measurement. Wait until the
bottle temperature is the same as the water temperature before conducting the
measurement;
c) Follow the specific steps in the instrument manual for operation;
d) During measurement, direct heat sources or sunlight should be avoided.
18 Pool water transparency
18.1 Principle
Annex A
(normative)
Requirements for on-site inspection point layout
A.1 Overview
This appendix specifies the basic requirements for the layout of on-site detection points
for physical indicators in public places.
A.2 Requirements for the layout of measuring points for air temperature, relative
humidity, and wind speed
A.2.1 Number of measuring points. arranged according to the functions and usage
requirements of different places.
- One measuring point shall be set up for guest rooms in hotels, inns, guesthouses
and other accommodation places, as well as for indoor areas of less than 50 m2 in
amusement halls, dance halls, public bathrooms, swimming pools, beauty salons,
beauty salons and other places. Set up 2 measuring points for areas ranging from
50 m2~200 m2.For areas >200 m2, set 3~5 measuring points.
- For business halls/rooms with < 300 seats, such as cinemas, music halls, and video
halls (rooms), install 1~2 measuring points. For business halls/rooms with
300~500 seats, set up 2~3 measuring points. For business halls/rooms with a
seating capacity of 501~1000, set up 3~4 measuring points. For business
halls/rooms with >1000 seats, set up 5 measuring points.
- Install one measuring point in exhibition halls, museums, libraries, art galleries,
shopping malls (stores), bookstores, waiting rooms (machines, boats) and other
places with a business area of < 200 m2.Set up 2 measuring points in a place with
a business area of 200 m2~1000 m2.For places with a business area >1000 m2,
set up 3 measuring points.
A.2.2 Measurement point location. one indoor measurement point is set in the center.
Two sampling points are set on indoor symmetrical points. The three measuring points
are set at the three equal points on the diagonal of the room. Five measuring points are
arranged in a plum blossom pattern. Arrange others according to the principle of
uniform distribution. When measuring wind speed, the measuring point should avoid
opening air ducts or ventilation openings.
A.2.3 Measurement point distance. the measurement point is 1 m~1.5 m above the
ground. The distance from the wall should not be less than 0.5 m. The indoor air
temperature measuring point should also be at least 0.5 m away from the heat source.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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