GB 50211-2014 PDF English
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GB 50211-2014: Code for construction and acceptance of industrial furnaces building---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GB50211-2014
UDC GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
P GB 50211-2014
Code for construction and acceptance of industrial furnaces
building
Issued on. NOVEMBER 15, 2014
Implemented on. AUGUST 01, 2015
Issued by. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of PRC;
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of the People's Republic of China.
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Code for construction and acceptance of industrial furnaces
building
Main drafting organization. China Metallurgical Construction Association
Approving department. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the
People's Republic of China
Date of implementation. August 1, 2015
2014 Beijing
Announcement of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural
Development of the People's Republic of China
No.659
Table of Contents
Foreword... 7
1 General provisions... 11
2 Terms... 11
3 Basic requirements... 13
4 Unshaped refractories... 24
5 Refractory ceramic fiber... 34
6 Blast furnace and accessory equipment... 40
7 Coke oven and dry quenching equipment... 51
8 Steelmaking furnaces and associated equipment... 62
9 Heating furnace, heat-treating furnace and annealing furnace... 70
10 Flash furnace, Isaac furnace, rotary smelting furnace, submerged arc furnace,
horizontal converter, fixed refining furnace and rotary refining furnace... 74
11 Aluminum cell... 85
11.1 General requirements... 85
12 Carbon calcining furnace and carbon roasting furnace... 89
13 Glass furnace... 94
14 Rotary lime kiln, shaft lime kiln and accessory equipment... 100
15 Tunnel kiln and roller hearth kiln... 105
16 Reformer and cracking furnace... 110
17 Industrial boilers... 117
18 Winter construction... 120
19 Information of inspection and acceptance... 122
20 Furnace heating... 122
21 Construction safety and environmental protection... 124
Appendix A Common refractory mortars generally adopted in refractory brickwork of
industrial furnaces... 126
Appendix B Heating time of industrial furnaces in common use... 127
Explanation of wording in this code... 128
List of quoted standards... 129
1 General provisions
1.0.1 This Code is formulated to standardize the construction and acceptance of
industrial furnace building projects and ensure the quality of the project.
1.0.2 This Code applies to the construction and acceptance of industrial furnace
building projects, including the common provisions of industrial furnace building and
the special requirements of the listed professional furnace building.
1.0.3 In addition to complying with this Code, the construction and acceptance of
industrial furnace building projects shall also comply with the provisions of the relevant
national standards in force.
2 Terms
2.0.1 Industrial furnace building
It refers to the construction of industrial furnaces and their accessory equipment
building, mainly including the construction of refractory materials such as shaped,
unshaped, refractory ceramic fibers.
2.0.2 Brickwork
A solid masonry made of refractory materials such as shaped, unshaped, refractory
ceramic fibers.
2.0.3 Refractory mortar
A mixture composed of powdered refractory materials and binders used for bonding or
filling gaps.
2.0.4 Wet masonry, wet building
A masonry method that uses refractory mortar to bond and fill brick joints.
2.0.5 Dry masonry, dry building
A masonry method that uses dry refractory powder (or gasket) to fill the brick joints, or
directly uses refractory bricks (or blocks) to build the masonry.
2.0.6 Pre-masonry, pre-building
It refers to the trial masonry and pre-assembly of combined bricks before formal
masonry.
2.0.7 Brick joint
The gap between bricks (or blocks) in the brickwork.
2.0.8 Horizontal joint
The brick joint between horizontal brick layers.
2.0.9 Vertical joint
The brick joint perpendicular to the horizontal joint.
2.0.10 Radial joint
The radial brick joint in ring brickwork.
3 Basic requirements
3.1 Acceptance, storage and transportation of materials
3.2 Construction
I General requirements
3.2.1 The construction of industrial furnace building projects shall be carried out only
after the furnace foundation, furnace steel structure and associated equipment
installation have been inspected and qualified and the process handover certificate has
been signed. The process handover certificate shall include the following contents.
4 Unshaped refractories
4.1 General requirements
4.1.1 Unshaped refractory materials shall not be used, when they are contaminated or
deteriorated by moisture.
4.1.2 The surfaces of steel structures and equipment in contact with unshaped refractory
materials shall be cleaned of floating rust, oil stains, debris.
4.1.3 The mix ratio of unshaped refractory materials shall not be arbitrarily changed
during construction. Water or other additives shall not be added to the unshaped
refractory materials that have been mixed.
4.1.4 When steel fiber, binder, and additive need to be added during the mixing process
4.2 Refractory mortar
4.3 Castable refractories
4.3.1 Waterproof measures shall be taken on the surface of the insulating masonry in
contact with castable refractories.
4.3.2 Castable refractories shall be mixed with a forced mixer. The mixing time and the
amount of liquid added shall be carried out according to the product instructions. When
changing the material designation, the mixing equipment, hopper, and weighing
container shall be cleaned.
4.4 Plastic refractories
4.4.1 Plastic refractory shall be stored in a cool place and well sealed. Before
construction, the plasticity index of plastic refractory shall be checked according to the
current industry standard "Test method for workability index of fireclay and high
alumina plastic refractories" YB/T 5119.
4.4.2 When tamping plastic refractory by the formwork method, the gap between the
end face of the hanging brick and the formwork should be 4 mm ~ 6 mm; it shall not
exceed 10 mm after tamping.
4.4.3 The paving of plastic refractory billets shall be staggered and close together. When
using loose plastic refractory, the thickness of each layer shall not exceed 100 mm.
4.4.4 The tamping shall start from the joints between billets; the hammer marks should
overlap by 2/3; the rows should overlap by 1/2.Repeat the tamping for more than 3
times. The tamped body shall be flat, dense, and uniform. The tamping hammer shall
use a rubber hammer head or a metal hammer head; the wind pressure of the tamping
hammer shall not be less than 0.5 MPa.
4.5 Ramming refractories
4.6 Spraying refractories
4.6.1 Before the construction of spraying refractory, the product instructions for use of
the spraying refractory shall be followed to test spray and determine the appropriate
process parameters.
4.7 Injection refractories
4.7.1 The capacity of the mixer shall match that of the grouting machine; a metal filter
shall be installed on the grouting machine.
4.7.2 Before mixing the injection refractory, the mixer, hopper, weighing container shall
be cleaned; a small amount of binder shall be used to circulate and clean the grouting
machine and pipeline.
4.7.3 The grouting short pipe shall be welded firmly and accurately positioned.
4.7.4 Before the construction of injection refractory, the pressure shall be tested
according to the product instructions specified in the injection refractory designation to
determine the appropriate process parameters.
5 Refractory ceramic fiber
5.1 General requirements
5.1.1 The technical indicators and structural forms of the materials used for the
refractory ceramic fiber lining shall comply with the design requirements.
5.1.2 Refractory ceramic fiber products, anchors, and binders shall be accepted
according to current standards and technical conditions.
5.2 Layer lining
5.2.1 The center distance of the anchor nails installed on the furnace roof should be 200
mm ~ 250 mm; the center distance of the anchor nails installed on the furnace wall
should be 250 mm ~ 300 mm. The distance between the anchor nail and the edge of the
refractory ceramic fiber blanket, felt or plate on the heating surface should be 50 mm ~
75 mm; the maximum distance shall not exceed 100 mm.
5.3 Stacked lining
5.3.1 Each bundle of refractory ceramic fiber blankets and felts shall be pre-compressed
into a product; the compression shall be the same; the compression rate shall not be less
than 15%.
5.3.2 The support plate and fixing pins shall be welded firmly and checked one by one.
The support plate on the wall shall be horizontal and the pins shall be vertical.
5.3.3 When fixing with pins, the movable pins shall be inserted vertically into the
refractory ceramic fiber products according to the position specified in the design; no
deviation or omission is allowed (Figure 5.3.3).
5.3.4 After fixing with pins, the refractory ceramic fiber products shall be tightly
attached to the inner layer. The joints of refractory ceramic fiber products shall be
squeezed tightly.
5.4 Foldable module
5.4.1 The foldable module shall be connected to the metal anchors welded on the
furnace shell and fixed on the furnace shell.
5.4.2 The volume density of the foldable module should be 190 kg/m3 ~ 220 kg/m3.
5.4.3 The commonly used structure of the foldable module shall be the center hole
hanging structure (Figure 5.4.3).
6 Blast furnace and accessory equipment
6.1 General requirements
6.1.1 The thickness of the masonry brick joints of various parts of the blast furnace and
its accessory equipment shall comply with the values specified in Table 6.1.1.
6.1.2 The allowable deviation of masonry blast furnace and its accessory equipment
6.2 Blast furnace
6.3 Hot stove
6.3.1 When arranging the building sequence of the hot stove group, uneven sinking of
the foundation shall be prevented.
6.3.2 Before building of the inner lining of the hot stove, the perpendicularity deviation
of the center line of the furnace shell shall be checked. Where there is a spray coating
on the inner surface of the furnace shell, the center line of the spray coating shall be
selected according to the inspection records of each section of the furnace shell. The
allowable deviation of the radius of the spray coating shall be 0 ~ 10 mm.
6.3.3 The furnace walls of the regenerator, combustion chamber and mixing chamber
of the hot stove with a spray coating shall be built using the center line to control radius.
The enclosure wall of the internal combustion hot stove without a spray coating shall
be built with the furnace shell as the guide surface; the thickness of the masonry shall
be checked with a template at any time; the allowable deviation shall be ±15 mm. The
combustion chamber wall shall be built according to the center line.
6.3.7 Within the 1 m ring width around the hot air outlet, combustion port and furnace
roof connecting pipe port, high alumina bricks (or clay refractory bricks, silica bricks)
shall be built close to the furnace shell (or spray coating). The loose parts shall be filled
with thick refractory mortar of corresponding materials.
7 Coke oven and dry quenching equipment
7.1 Coke oven
7.1.1 The allowable deviation of the masonry coke oven shall comply with the values
specified in Table 7.1.1.
7.1.2 Coke oven building shall be carried out in a work shed. The size of the work shed
shall meet the requirements for installing the working platform and furnace protection
equipment.
7.1.8 The coke oven shall be built by the two-sided mortar squeezing method. For a
small number of refractory bricks that cannot be laid by the squeezing method due to
the limitation of the brick structure, the grouting work shall be strengthened.
7.2 Coke dry quenching equipment
7.2.1 The allowable deviation of the built coke quenching chamber shall comply with
the values specified in Table 7.2.1.
7.2.2 The shape and size of the special-shaped refractory bricks of the coke quenching
chamber masonry shall be inspected and accepted.
7.2.3 The masonry at the opening of the inclined air duct and the circular air duct shall be pre-built.
7.2.9 When building the part with the insulation layer of refractory ceramic fiber
products, the refractory ceramic fiber felt shall be pasted on the surface of the furnace
shell first, then the insulation bricks shall be laid. The insulation bricks shall not be
pressed against the refractory ceramic fiber felt. The space between the insulation bricks
and the refractory ceramic fiber felt shall not be filled with refractory mortar.
7.2.10 The masonry of the inclined air duct and the pre-storage section shall be built
with the center of the furnace body as the reference.
7.2.11 The castable refractories between the insulation bricks and the furnace shell at
the inclined air duct shall be filled and compacted layer by layer.
7.2.12 The partition wall of the inclined air duct shall be built based on the center line
of the partition wall engraved on the surface of the furnace shell and the line connecting
the center of the furnace body. The partition wall bricks shall not tilt downward. The
top cover bricks of the inclined air duct shall be built with a support frame.
7.2.13 When the arch and arch roof joint bricks at the opening are built, they shall be
built according to the pre-built number; the top surface flatness of the joint bricks and
the wall radius shall be strictly controlled.
8 Steelmaking furnaces and associated equipment
8.1 General requirements
8.1.1 The building of converters, electric arc furnaces, mixer furnaces and Torpedo cars
shall be carried out after the furnace shell is installed and the trial operation is qualified.
The building shall be carried out in the normal position of the furnace.
8.1.2 The rotating device shall be fixed before building; its power supply must be
cut off.
8.1.3 The thickness of the masonry brick joints of the converters, electric arc furnaces,
RH refining furnaces, mixer furnaces, Torpedo cars, ladle shall comply with the values
specified in Table 8.1.3.
8.2 Converter
8.3 Electric arc furnace
8.3.1 The furnace bottom shall be staggered and dry-laid; the brick joints shall be filled
with corresponding refractory powder. The longitudinal long joints of the upper and
lower bricks shall be staggered by 30° ~ 60°. The top brick of the furnace bottom shall
be laid vertically.
8.3.2 The furnace bottom of the DC arc furnace shall not have horizontal and vertical
expansion joints. Expansion joints shall be left in other parts according to requirements.
8.3.3 The strip electrodes on the furnace bottom shall be installed vertically; the vertical
allowable deviation of the full height shall be 0 ~ 1 mm.
8.4 RH refining furnace
8.4.1 The inner lining of the RH refining furnace shall be built with the furnace shell as
the guide surface.
8.4.2 The working layer masonry of the RH refining furnace should be dry-laid; the
misalignment between the upper and lower layers on the inner surface shall not exceed 2 mm.
8.5 Mixer furnace
8.5.1 The mixer furnace shall be positioned and set out with the furnace shell as the
guide surface.
8.5.2 Magnesium bricks and clay refractory bricks interlocked with magnesium bricks
shall be dry-laid with staggered joints; the brick joints shall be filled with corresponding
refractory powder. Before laying magnesium bricks, the clay refractory bricks and heat-
insulating refractory bricks laid wet on the furnace bottom should be dried.
8.5.3 The intersection of the furnace bottom and the furnace wall shall be carefully
processed and built.
8.5.8 The arch roof shall be built from both ends to the iron receiving mouth; the upper
and lower layers shall be built alternately. The arch roof within the range of the iron
receiving mouth arch ring shall be built with staggered joints. The arch roof filling shall
be carried out simultaneously with the bricklaying.
8.5.9 The masonry of the iron receiving mouth arch ring and the surrounding joint
bricks shall be carefully processed and wet-laid.
8.6 Torpedo car
8.6.1 The Torpedo car shall be positioned and set out according to the center of the iron
receiving mouth and the tilting center points at both ends of the furnace shell; the
permanent layer shall be laid based on this positioning line.
8.6.2 The clay refractory bricks of the permanent layer shall be laid close to the furnace shell.
8.7 Ladle
9 Heating furnace, heat-treating furnace and annealing furnace
9.1 General requirements
9.1.1 The thickness of the brick joints of the heating furnace, heat-treating furnace,
annealing furnace shall comply with the values specified in Table 9.1.1.
9.1.2 The allowable deviation of heating furnaces, heat-treating furnaces and annealing
furnaces shall comply with the provisions of Article 3.2.4 of this Code.
9.2 Heating furnaces and heat-treating furnaces
9.2.1 The longitudinal center line of the water-cooled beam of the stepping and push-
steel continuous heating furnaces shall be consistent with the longitudinal center line of
the furnace. The longitudinal center line of the furnace of the trolley-type heating
furnace shall be consistent with the longitudinal center line of the trolley track.
9.2.2 The surface elevation of the water-cooled slide rail or pad of the fixed water-
cooled beam for the stepping and push-steel continuous heating furnaces shall be the
base elevation of the masonry of each part of the furnace. The surface elevation of the
trolley rail shall be the base elevation of the masonry of each part of the furnace for the
trolley type heating furnace.
9.3 Annealing furnace
9.3.1 The furnace wall is built with mullite poly-light insulation bricks. The expansion
joints should be set up as a Z-shaped lock structure with straight through the upper and
lower layers and staggered inside and outside. The refractory ceramic fiber blanket shall
be filled in time. The expansion joints of the furnace bottom should be set up as a
structure with straight through the same layer and staggered joints in the upper and
lower layers. The sliding joints between the expansion joints shall be accurately
reserved.
9.3.4 When the furnace lining adopts refractory ceramic fiber module (or foldable
module), the furnace wall shall be constructed from bottom to top layer by layer. After
the refractory ceramic fiber module (or foldable module) is installed, it should use the
guide plate to plug the loose parts with compensating refractory ceramic fiber blanket
of the same material; the plugging depth shall not be less than 2/3 of the thickness of
the refractory ceramic fiber module (or foldable module) (Figure 9.3.4).
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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