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YY/T 0933-2022 English PDF

YY/T 0933-2022 (YY/T0933-2022, YYT 0933-2022, YYT0933-2022)
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YY/T 0933-2022English230 Add to Cart 0--9 seconds. Auto-delivery Digital medical X-ray image detector used in general radiography Valid YY/T 0933-2022
YY/T 0933-2014English599 Add to Cart 4 days [Need to translate] Digital medical X-ray image detector used in general radiography Obsolete YY/T 0933-2014
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BASIC DATA
Standard ID YY/T 0933-2022 (YY/T0933-2022)
Description (Translated English) Digital medical X-ray image detector used in general radiography
Sector / Industry Medical Device & Pharmaceutical Industry Standard (Recommended)
Classification of Chinese Standard C43
Classification of International Standard 11.040.50
Word Count Estimation 15,189
Date of Issue 2022-05-18
Date of Implementation 2023-06-01
Older Standard (superseded by this standard) YY/T 0933-2014
Drafting Organization Liaoning Provincial Medical Device Inspection and Testing Institute, Shanghai Yirui Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd., Derunte Medical Technology (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., Shanghai Food and Drug Administration Certification and Evaluation Center
Administrative Organization National Medical Electrical Equipment Standardization Technical Committee Medical X-ray Equipment and Appliances Sub-Technical Committee (SAC/TC 10/SC 1)
Proposing organization State Drug Administration
Issuing agency(ies) State Drug Administration
Summary This standard specifies the terms and definitions, classification and composition, requirements and test methods of medical general photography digital X-ray image detectors. This standard applies to detectors with a single exposure imaging function, including but not limited to amorphous silicon detectors, amorphous selenium detectors, CCD detectors, CMOS detectors, etc. This standard does not apply to detectors for mammography and detectors for dental photography.


YY/T 0933-2022 YY PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 11.040.50 CCS C 43 Replacing YY/T 0933-2014 Digital Medical X-ray Image Detector Used in General Radiography ISSUED ON: MAY 18, 2022 IMPLEMENTED ON: JUNE 1, 2023 Issued by: National Medical Products Administration Table of Contents Foreword ... 3 1 Scope ... 6 2 Normative References ... 6 3 Terms and Definitions ... 6 4 Classification and Composition ... 7 5 Requirements ... 8 6 Test Methods ... 10 Appendix A (normative) Test Layout ... 17 Appendix B (informative) Test Device ... 19 Digital Medical X-ray Image Detector Used in General Radiography 1 Scope This document specifies the terms and definitions, classification and composition, requirements and test methods for digital medical X-ray image detector used in general radiography (hereinafter referred to as the detector). This document is applicable to detectors with the single-exposure imaging function, which include, but are not limited to: amorphous silicon detectors, amorphous selenium detectors, CCD detectors and CMOS detectors, etc. This document does not apply to detectors for mammography and detectors for dental photography. 2 Normative References The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document. GB/T 10149 Terminology and Symbol for Medical X-ray Equipment YY/T 0063 Medical Electrical Equipment - X-ray Tube Assemblies for Medical Diagnosis - Characteristics of Focal Spots YY/T 0291 Environmental Requirements and Test Methods for Medical X-ray Equipment YY/T 0481-2016 Medical Diagnostic X-ray Equipment - Radiation Conditions for Use in the Determination of Characteristics YY/T 0590.1-2018 Medical Electrical Equipment - Characteristics of Digital X-ray Imaging Devices - Part 1: Determination of the Detective Quantum Efficiency - Detectors Used in Radiographic Imaging YY/T 0741 Particular Specifications for Digital X-ray Radiography System 3 Terms and Definitions What is defined in GB/T 10149, YY/T 0063, YY/T 0481-2016, YY/T 0590.1-2018 and YY/T 0741, and the following terms and definitions are applicable to this document. 3.1 Calibration Calibration refers to some processing, in which the detector completes necessary operations, so that the image can satisfy the evaluation requirements, such as: background correction, gain correction and bad pixel correction, etc. These processing are linear and irrelevant to the image. 3.2 Central Axis Central axis refers to a straight line perpendicular to the incidence plane and passing through the center of the entrance field. 3.3 Bright Image Bright image refers to an original X-ray exposure image without the background correction, gain correction and bad pixel correction. 3.4 Dark Image Dark image refers to an original unexposed image without the background correction, gain correction and bad pixel correction. 3.5 Noise Equivalent Dose Noise equivalent dose refers to the corresponding dose when the quantum noise and the system noise are equivalent. NOTE: quantum noise is the random fluctuation of X-photons absorbed by the detector; system noise is the inherent fluctuation of the detector system that deviates from the expected value of the stochastic process. 3.6 Linear Dynamic Range Linear dynamic range refers to the range of X-ray incident dose changes that can be linearly detected by the detector. The minimum value and maximum value of this range are respectively represented by the noise equivalent dose and the maximum linear dose. The coefficient of determination (i.e., the squared value of the correlation coefficient r) is used to represent the gray value and linear dose degree. 4 Classification and Composition 4.1 Classification The classification is performed in accordance with the structural characteristics and data transmission mode of the product: a) In accordance with the structural characteristics: portable detectors and fixed detectors; 5.5.1 Noise Equivalent Dose The manufacturer shall specify the noise equivalent dose under the specified gain, and within the shooting dose range of the noise equivalent dose image, the coefficient of determination R2 of the variance of the detector’s output gray value and the dose shall be greater than 0.98. 5.5.2 Linear dynamic range The manufacturer shall specify the linear dynamic range under the specified gain, and within the range, the coefficient of determination R2 of the detector’s output gray value and the dose shall be greater than 0.98. 5.5.3 Spatial resolution The manufacturer shall specify the spatial resolution of the detector without attenuation. 5.5.4 Modulation transfer function The manufacturer shall specify the modulation transfer function value at the specified spatial frequency (at least 0.5 lp/mm, 1.0 lp/mm, 1.5 lp/mm, until slightly lower than the Nyquist frequency). The measurement result of the modulation transfer function shall comply with the manufacturer’s stipulations. 5.5.5 Quantum detection efficiency The manufacturer shall specify the quantum detection efficiency value of the detector at the specified spatial frequency (at least 0.5 lp/mm, 1.0 lp/mm, 1.5 lp/mm, until slightly lower than the Nyquist frequency). The measurement result of the quantum detection efficiency shall comply with the manufacturer’s stipulations. 5.5.6 Image uniformity The manufacturer shall specify that under the recommended SID and loading factors, in images of different doses, for the ratio of the standard deviation S of the gray value of the sampling point to the mean value Vm of the gray value, the maximum value Um shall not be greater than 2.5%. 5.5.7 Afterimage The afterimage shall not be greater than 0.5%. 5.5.8 Artifact There shall be no visible artifacts. 5.6 Mechanical Strength 5.6.1 Falling Under normal working conditions, when the portable detector freely falls on a hard surface at the height specified by the manufacturer, it shall be able to normally work. The determination items shall at least include 5.5.3 and 5.5.6. 5.6.2 Bearing The portable detectors shall be able to normally work when bearing a uniform load of 135 kg or the target load declared by the manufacturer; the portable detectors shall be able to normally work when bearing a partial load declared by the manufacturer. The determination items shall at least include 5.5.3 and 5.5.6. 5.7 Communication When the detectors are equipped with the function of wireless transmission, the accompanying documents shall at least announce the requirements for frequency range, radio output power, communication protocol, storage format and user access control. 5.8 Appearance The appearance of the detectors shall comply with the following requirements: a) The shape shall be neat, the surface shall be smooth and clean, the color shall be uniform, and there shall be no defects like scars or cracks; b) The surface of the detector shall be marked with the center and boundary of the effective photographic area; c) The labels and marks shall be clearly visible; d) The electrical interface shall be free of corrosion, and shall have clear interface definition marks; e) The mechanical installation shall be correct and firm, and the control parts shall not be loose or fall off, and the use shall be reliable; f) The structural parts shall be firmly fastened without looseness. 5.9 Environmental Test Unless it is otherwise specified, the product shall comply with the requirements of YY/T 0291. The intermediate or final inspection items shall at least include the requirements of 5.2 and 5.5.3. 6 Test Methods 6.1 Test Conditions 6.1.1 Environmental conditions b) Under the service conditions declared by the manufacturer, expose to acquire the bright image. c) In the image generated by exposure, respectively read the scale data x2 and x3 on the image at the two ends of the lead scale. In accordance with Formula (1) and Formula (2), calculate the ratio of the effective imaging area to the specified effective size: Where, x1---the size declared by the manufacturer. d) In another direction perpendicular to the current test method, repeat steps a) ~ c) to obtain dy. e) The minimum value of dx and dy shall comply with the requirements; the conversion method can be adopted when the lead scale cannot approach the surface of the detector. 6.5 Image Quality 6.5.1 Noise equivalent dose The test layout is shown in Figure A.1 in Appendix A. Unless it is otherwise specified, the distance from the focal point to the surface of the detector shall be 1.5 m. The X-ray field completely covers the detector surface; the central axis of the X-ray field is consistent with the center of the detector surface and perpendicular to the detector surface. a) Take the RQA5 standard radiation quality specified in Chapter 6 of YY/T 0481-2016 and the dose or gray value defined by the manufacturer as the calibration conditions to complete the calibration described in 6.1.3; b) Collect a calibrated dark image; c) Maintain the tube voltage defined by the RQA5 radiation quality, within the range of the noise equivalent dose value declared by the detector manufacturer, collect 4 calibrated exposure images, and record the dose value at the center of the detector surface corresponding to each image. At the center of the image collected in Step b) and Step c), select a sampling area of 64  64 pixels and calculate the variance of the sampling area. Perform linear fitting on the obtained 5 groups of dose values and the corresponding variance. In accordance with Formula (3), calculate the noise equivalent dose and calculate the coefficient of determination R2: Where, b---the intercept of the dose - variance curve and the Y axis, that is, the variance of the image collected in Step b); K---the slope of the dose - variance curve. 6.5.2 Linear dynamic range The test layout is shown in Figure A.1 in Appendix A. Unless it is otherwise specified, the distance from the focal point to the surface of the detector shall be 1.5 m. The X-ray field completely covers the detector surface; the central axis of the X-ray field is consistent with the center of the detector surface and perpendicular to the detector surface. a) Use the RQA5 standard radiation quality specified in Chapter 6 of YY/T 0481-2016 to complete the calibration specified in 6.1.3. Within the gain and dose input range specified by the manufacturer, uniformly select 5 test points (including the minimum linear dose and the maximum linear dose; the minimum linear dose can be replaced by the noise equivalent dose; if the maximum linear dose conditions cannot be achieved, approach them as much as possible); obtain the corresponding five calibrated bright images through exposure acquisition; measure the dose value at the center of the detector surface for each exposure. b) At the center of the image collected in Step a), select a sampling area of 64  64 pixels and calculate the average gray value of the sampling area. Perform linear fitting on the obtained 5 groups of dose values and the corresponding average gray value data, and calculate the coefficient of determination R2. c) The linear dynamic range is obtained through the noise equivalent dose and the maximum linear dose value. NOTE: the minimum linear dose can be replaced by NED. For the measurement of the maximum linear dose, it can be approximated through the method of gradually increasing the current-time product. If the current-time product step size is excessively large, the SID method can be adjusted to approach the maximum linear dose as much as possible. 6.5.3 Spatial resolution The test layout is shown in Figure A.1. Remove 21 mm aluminum attenuation; at the dose or gray value specified by the manufacturer, complete the calibration of the detector. The test device adopts a line pair resolution test card, and the test card is 45 to the pixel matrix. Under the calibration conditions, take the image and properly adjust the image to the optimum; visually observe and record the spatial resolution value and the corresponding loading factor combination. 6.5.7 Afterimage The test layout and calculation method shall comply with the method specified in Appendix A.3.3 “detection of proliferation hysteresis effect” in YY/T 0590.1-2018. 6.5.8 Artifact The test procedures are as follows: a) Take the RQA5 standard radiation quality specified in Chapter 6 of YY/T 0481-2016 and the dose or gray value defined by the manufacturer as the calibration conditions to complete the calibration described in 6.1.3; b) Expose at 20% and 80% of the maximum linear dose; c) Properly adjust the window width and level; visually observe whether there are artifacts in the generated image. 6.6 Mechanical Strength 6.6.1 Falling Lift it to the height specified by the manufacturer and place it above a 50 mm  5 mm thick hardwood (for example, hardwood > 600 kg/m3) board placed flat on a hard foundation (concrete); let it freely fall once in each of 3 different initial states. After the falling test is over, the detector shall be able to normally work. 6.6.2 Bearing Horizontally place the detector on a hard foundation plane larger than its area; evenly distribute a load of 135 kg or the target uniform load declared by the manufacturer on the surface of the detector (as shown in Figure 1) for 1 min. During and after the test, the detector shall manifest no permanent deformation and shall be able to normally work. Figure 1 -- Schematic Diagram of Uniform Load on the Detector ......