TB/T 2995-2000 PDF English
US$145.00 · In stock · Download in 9 secondsTB/T 2995-2000: Railway wheels and tires for ultrasonic inspection Delivery: 9 seconds. True-PDF full-copy in English & invoice will be downloaded + auto-delivered via email. See step-by-step procedureStatus: Obsolete
| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivery | Name of Chinese Standard | Status |
| TB/T 2995-2000 | English | 145 |
Add to Cart
|
0-9 seconds. Auto-delivery
|
Railway wheels and tires for ultrasonic inspection
| Obsolete |
Excerpted PDFs (Download full copy in 9 seconds upon purchase)PDF Preview: TB/T 2995-2000
TB/T 2995-2000: Railway wheels and tires for ultrasonic inspection---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/TBT2995-2000
TB
RAILWAY INDUSTRY STANDARD
eqv ISO 5948-1994
Railway Wheels and Wheel Tires Ultrasonic Testing
Issued on. OCTOBER 24, 2000
Implemented on. MAY 1, 2001
Issued by. Ministry of Railways of the People's Republic of China
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
ISO Foreword... 4
1 Scope... 5
2 Normative references... 5
3 Qualifications of the personnel... 5
4 Equipment, probes and couplants... 5
5 Test block... 6
6 Drawing of distance-amplitude curve and DAC curve of wheel tire’s inner
surface’s radial detection... 7
7 Flaw detection... 8
8 Acceptance... 10
Appendix A... 11
Appendix B... 15
Appendix C... 17
Appendix D... 19
Appendix E... 20
Appendix F... 22
Appendix G... 26
Foreword
This Standard’s detection methods of internal defects in material of wheels and
wheel tires equal to the ones stipulated in ISO 5948-1994 “Railway rolling stock
material - Ultrasonic acceptance testing”.
Since the date of implementation of this Standard, TB 2046-89 “Locomotive
New Wheel Tires Ultrasonic Flaw Testing” and TB/T 2882-98 “Wheel Ultrasonic
Testing Technical Conditions” shall be abolished.
Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix C, Appendix D, Appendix E, Appendix F
and Appendix G of this Standard are normative.
This Standard was proposed by and shall be under the jurisdiction of Qishuyan
Locomotive & Rolling Stock Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd.
Drafting organizations of this Standard. Qishuyan Locomotive & Rolling Stock
Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., and Metals and Chemistry Research
Institute of China Academy of Railway Sciences.
Main drafters of this Standard. Huang Yongwei, Li Lianxiu, Lu Xuanguo, Yao
Rongwen and Zheng Lili.
ISO Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standard bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of
preparing International Standard is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that
committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental,
in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the member bodies casting a
vote.
International Standard ISO 5948 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC
17, Steel, Subcommittee SC 13, Railway rolling stock material.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 5948.1981), of
which it constitutes a technical revision.
Railway Wheels and Wheel Tires Ultrasonic Testing
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the ultrasonic testing methods and the acceptance
standard for new railway wheels and wheel tires.
This Standard is applicable to ultrasonic testing for internal defects of new
railway wheels and wheel tires
2 Normative references
The following standards contain the provisions which, through reference in this
Standard, constitute the provisions of this Standard. At the time of publication,
all editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and
parties who enter into agreements based on this Standard are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards
indicated below.
JB/T 10061-99 General technical requirements for A-type pulse reflection
ultrasonic flaw detector
JB/T 10062-99 Ultrasonic flaw detection probe performance test method
3 Qualifications of the personnel
3.1 The inspector of railway wheels and wheel tires ultrasonic testing must
master the corresponding basic knowledge and be familiar with provisions of
this Standard.
4 Equipment, probes and couplants
4.1 Ultrasonic flaw detector
Ultrasonic flaw detector shall meet requirements in JB/T 10061-99.
4.2 Ultrasonic probe
4.2.1 It uses longitudinal-wave straight-probe and split longitudinal-wave probe.
4.3 System combination performance
4.3.1 The sensitivity of ultrasonic flaw detector and straight-probe system shall
at least have 30dB allowance when it is probing the Φ2 flat bottom hole of the
maximum sound-path.
4.4 Couplants. engine oil, glycerin or water.
5 Test block
5.1 Overall test block for wheel tire and wheel flaw detection is shown in
Appendix A.
5.2 Single test block for wheel tire flaw detection is shown in Appendix B.
5.3 Single test block for wheel flaw detection is shown in Appendix C.
5.4 Calibration test block for wheel tire concave radial detection is shown in
Appendix D.
5.5 LG-6 test block and LG-9 test block are shown in Appendix E.
6 Drawing of distance-amplitude curve and DAC
curve of wheel tire’s inner surface’s radial detection
6.1 Distance-amplitude curve schematic diagram
6.1.1 Distance-amplitude curve schematic diagram shall be made by inspector
according to the detection system used. Verify distance-amplitude curve before
use it.
6.2 Drawing of DAC curve of wheel tire’s inner surface’s radial detection
6.2.1 Drawing of internal combustion engine wheel tire (rim). PLACE dual-
crystal probe on LG-6 test block’s probing surface for scanning; FIND the
reflected wave of Φ2 flat-bottomed hole of which the burial depth is 60 mm;
6.2.2 Drawing of electric locomotive wheel tire (rim). PLACE dual-crystal probe
on LG-9 test block’s probing surface for scanning; FIND reflected wave of Φ2
flat-bottomed hole of which the burial depth is 75 mm;
7 Flaw detection
7.1 Test surface roughness
Flaw detection is usually conducted in delivery status. It must maintain the
coupling effect between workpiece test surface and probe.
7.2 Test surface and flaw detection area
The inner side and tread of wheel tire and wheel rim are test surface. The inner
area of wheel tire and wheel rim, to where the incident ultrasonic can reach
from the test surface, shall be ultrasonic flaw detection area.
7.3 The scanning speed in manual flaw detection shall not be greater than 150
mm/s. The coverage rate shall not be less than 10%.
7.4 Flaw detection sensitivity
7.4.1 Wheel tire flaw detection sensitivity
7.4.2 Wheel rim flaw detection sensitivity
7.4.2.1 Axial flaw detection sensitivity
Use longitudinal-wave straight-probe to adjust Φd flat-bottomed hole’s
reflection echo of wheel rim No. 2 reference block to 50% height of screen’s full
scale, take it as the reference. Then obtain the decibel difference BETWEEN
the gain AND Φd equivalent flat-bottomed hole at the maximum detection
sound-path. On this basis, compensate the coupling difference between test
block and real-object (usually it is 4dB and above), and take it as the flaw
detection sensitivity.
7.4.3 Axial acoustically-transparent flaw detection sensitivity
7.4.3.1 Wheel tire’s acoustically-transparent flaw detection sensitivity
Use Φ20 longitudinal-wave straight-probe to adjust 120° cone-bottomed hole’s
reflection echo of wheel rim No. 4 reference block to 50% height of screen’s full
scale, take it as the reference. Then compensate the coupling difference
between test block and real-object (usually it is 4dB and above), and take it as
the flaw detection sensitivity.
7.5 Quality evaluation method
7.5.1 Evaluation of defects
After defects are found by flaw detection, detect the decibel difference between
defects and detection reference points. Compare on the corresponding curve
and determine the defect equivalence.
8 Acceptance
8.1 In wheel or wheel tire inspection, if the defect is greater than Φ3 mm
equivalence, then this wheel or wheel tire shall be regarded as unqualified.
8.2 In special needs, if the defect is greater than Φ2 mm equivalence, then this
wheel or wheel tire shall be regarded as unqualified.
8.5 Acoustically-transparent
Conduct acoustically-transparent inspection on the basis of flaw detection
sensitivity in 7.4.3.When bottom-wave at any position is reduced to less than
50% of the height, then it shall require other methods (e.g. radial inspection) to
distinguish whether there is defect at this position. If there is defect, then it shall
be judged as unqualified.
8.6 If there is dispute on the results of radial flaw detection, the tread flaw
defection results shall prevail.
Appendix A
(Normative)
Overall test block of wheel tire and wheel flaw defection
A1 The material of test block is same as real-object. Test block must be tested
by axial ultrasonic testing. Internal defects that are 8dB less than reflected
signal of Φ2 flat-bottomed hole are not allowed. At the 1/2 of wheel rim outer
side, the bottom echo difference of the first- and the second-time is 7~8dB.
TB/T 2995-2000
TB
RAILWAY INDUSTRY STANDARD
eqv ISO 5948-1994
Railway Wheels and Wheel Tires Ultrasonic Testing
Issued on. OCTOBER 24, 2000
Implemented on. MAY 1, 2001
Issued by. Ministry of Railways of the People's Republic of China
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
ISO Foreword... 4
1 Scope... 5
2 Normative references... 5
3 Qualifications of the personnel... 5
4 Equipment, probes and couplants... 5
5 Test block... 6
6 Drawing of distance-amplitude curve and DAC curve of wheel tire’s inner
surface’s radial detection... 7
7 Flaw detection... 8
8 Acceptance... 10
Appendix A... 11
Appendix B... 15
Appendix C... 17
Appendix D... 19
Appendix E... 20
Appendix F... 22
Appendix G... 26
Foreword
This Standard’s detection methods of internal defects in material of wheels and
wheel tires equal to the ones stipulated in ISO 5948-1994 “Railway rolling stock
material - Ultrasonic acceptance testing”.
Since the date of implementation of this Standard, TB 2046-89 “Locomotive
New Wheel Tires Ultrasonic Flaw Testing” and TB/T 2882-98 “Wheel Ultrasonic
Testing Technical Conditions” shall be abolished.
Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix C, Appendix D, Appendix E, Appendix F
and Appendix G of this Standard are normative.
This Standard was proposed by and shall be under the jurisdiction of Qishuyan
Locomotive & Rolling Stock Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd.
Drafting organizations of this Standard. Qishuyan Locomotive & Rolling Stock
Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., and Metals and Chemistry Research
Institute of China Academy of Railway Sciences.
Main drafters of this Standard. Huang Yongwei, Li Lianxiu, Lu Xuanguo, Yao
Rongwen and Zheng Lili.
ISO Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standard bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of
preparing International Standard is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that
committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental,
in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the member bodies casting a
vote.
International Standard ISO 5948 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC
17, Steel, Subcommittee SC 13, Railway rolling stock material.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 5948.1981), of
which it constitutes a technical revision.
Railway Wheels and Wheel Tires Ultrasonic Testing
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the ultrasonic testing methods and the acceptance
standard for new railway wheels and wheel tires.
This Standard is applicable to ultrasonic testing for internal defects of new
railway wheels and wheel tires
2 Normative references
The following standards contain the provisions which, through reference in this
Standard, constitute the provisions of this Standard. At the time of publication,
all editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and
parties who enter into agreements based on this Standard are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards
indicated below.
JB/T 10061-99 General technical requirements for A-type pulse reflection
ultrasonic flaw detector
JB/T 10062-99 Ultrasonic flaw detection probe performance test method
3 Qualifications of the personnel
3.1 The inspector of railway wheels and wheel tires ultrasonic testing must
master the corresponding basic knowledge and be familiar with provisions of
this Standard.
4 Equipment, probes and couplants
4.1 Ultrasonic flaw detector
Ultrasonic flaw detector shall meet requirements in JB/T 10061-99.
4.2 Ultrasonic probe
4.2.1 It uses longitudinal-wave straight-probe and split longitudinal-wave probe.
4.3 System combination performance
4.3.1 The sensitivity of ultrasonic flaw detector and straight-probe system shall
at least have 30dB allowance when it is probing the Φ2 flat bottom hole of the
maximum sound-path.
4.4 Couplants. engine oil, glycerin or water.
5 Test block
5.1 Overall test block for wheel tire and wheel flaw detection is shown in
Appendix A.
5.2 Single test block for wheel tire flaw detection is shown in Appendix B.
5.3 Single test block for wheel flaw detection is shown in Appendix C.
5.4 Calibration test block for wheel tire concave radial detection is shown in
Appendix D.
5.5 LG-6 test block and LG-9 test block are shown in Appendix E.
6 Drawing of distance-amplitude curve and DAC
curve of wheel tire’s inner surface’s radial detection
6.1 Distance-amplitude curve schematic diagram
6.1.1 Distance-amplitude curve schematic diagram shall be made by inspector
according to the detection system used. Verify distance-amplitude curve before
use it.
6.2 Drawing of DAC curve of wheel tire’s inner surface’s radial detection
6.2.1 Drawing of internal combustion engine wheel tire (rim). PLACE dual-
crystal probe on LG-6 test block’s probing surface for scanning; FIND the
reflected wave of Φ2 flat-bottomed hole of which the burial depth is 60 mm;
6.2.2 Drawing of electric locomotive wheel tire (rim). PLACE dual-crystal probe
on LG-9 test block’s probing surface for scanning; FIND reflected wave of Φ2
flat-bottomed hole of which the burial depth is 75 mm;
7 Flaw detection
7.1 Test surface roughness
Flaw detection is usually conducted in delivery status. It must maintain the
coupling effect between workpiece test surface and probe.
7.2 Test surface and flaw detection area
The inner side and tread of wheel tire and wheel rim are test surface. The inner
area of wheel tire and wheel rim, to where the incident ultrasonic can reach
from the test surface, shall be ultrasonic flaw detection area.
7.3 The scanning speed in manual flaw detection shall not be greater than 150
mm/s. The coverage rate shall not be less than 10%.
7.4 Flaw detection sensitivity
7.4.1 Wheel tire flaw detection sensitivity
7.4.2 Wheel rim flaw detection sensitivity
7.4.2.1 Axial flaw detection sensitivity
Use longitudinal-wave straight-probe to adjust Φd flat-bottomed hole’s
reflection echo of wheel rim No. 2 reference block to 50% height of screen’s full
scale, take it as the reference. Then obtain the decibel difference BETWEEN
the gain AND Φd equivalent flat-bottomed hole at the maximum detection
sound-path. On this basis, compensate the coupling difference between test
block and real-object (usually it is 4dB and above), and take it as the flaw
detection sensitivity.
7.4.3 Axial acoustically-transparent flaw detection sensitivity
7.4.3.1 Wheel tire’s acoustically-transparent flaw detection sensitivity
Use Φ20 longitudinal-wave straight-probe to adjust 120° cone-bottomed hole’s
reflection echo of wheel rim No. 4 reference block to 50% height of screen’s full
scale, take it as the reference. Then compensate the coupling difference
between test block and real-object (usually it is 4dB and above), and take it as
the flaw detection sensitivity.
7.5 Quality evaluation method
7.5.1 Evaluation of defects
After defects are found by flaw detection, detect the decibel difference between
defects and detection reference points. Compare on the corresponding curve
and determine the defect equivalence.
8 Acceptance
8.1 In wheel or wheel tire inspection, if the defect is greater than Φ3 mm
equivalence, then this wheel or wheel tire shall be regarded as unqualified.
8.2 In special needs, if the defect is greater than Φ2 mm equivalence, then this
wheel or wheel tire shall be regarded as unqualified.
8.5 Acoustically-transparent
Conduct acoustically-transparent inspection on the basis of flaw detection
sensitivity in 7.4.3.When bottom-wave at any position is reduced to less than
50% of the height, then it shall require other methods (e.g. radial inspection) to
distinguish whether there is defect at this position. If there is defect, then it shall
be judged as unqualified.
8.6 If there is dispute on the results of radial flaw detection, the tread flaw
defection results shall prevail.
Appendix A
(Normative)
Overall test block of wheel tire and wheel flaw defection
A1 The material of test block is same as real-object. Test block must be tested
by axial ultrasonic testing. Internal defects that are 8dB less than reflected
signal of Φ2 flat-bottomed hole are not allowed. At the 1/2 of wheel rim outer
side, the bottom echo difference of the first- and the second-time is 7~8dB.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
Tips & Frequently Asked QuestionsQuestion 1: How long will the true-PDF of English version of TB/T 2995-2000 be delivered?Answer: The full copy PDF of English version of TB/T 2995-2000 can be downloaded in 9 seconds, and it will also be emailed to you in 9 seconds (double mechanisms to ensure the delivery reliably), with PDF-invoice. Question 2: Can I share the purchased PDF of TB/T 2995-2000_English with my colleagues?Answer: Yes. The purchased PDF of TB/T 2995-2000_English will be deemed to be sold to your employer/organization who actually paid for it, including your colleagues and your employer's intranet. Question 3: Does the price include tax/VAT?Answer: Yes. Our tax invoice, downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, includes all tax/VAT and complies with 100+ countries' tax regulations (tax exempted in 100+ countries) -- See Avoidance of Double Taxation Agreements (DTAs): List of DTAs signed between Singapore and 100+ countriesQuestion 4: Do you accept my currency other than USD?Answer: Yes. www.ChineseStandard.us -- TB/T 2995-2000 -- Click this link and select your country/currency to pay, the exact amount in your currency will be printed on the invoice. Full PDF will also be downloaded/emailed in 9 seconds. How to buy and download a true PDF of English version of TB/T 2995-2000?A step-by-step guide to download PDF of TB/T 2995-2000_EnglishStep 1: Visit website https://www.ChineseStandard.net (Pay in USD), or https://www.ChineseStandard.us (Pay in any currencies such as Euro, KRW, JPY, AUD).
Step 2: Search keyword "TB/T 2995-2000".
Step 3: Click "Add to Cart". If multiple PDFs are required, repeat steps 2 and 3 to add up to 12 PDFs to cart.
Step 4: Select payment option (Via payment agents Stripe or PayPal).
Step 5: Customize Tax Invoice -- Fill up your email etc.
Step 6: Click "Checkout".
Step 7: Make payment by credit card, PayPal, Google Pay etc. After the payment is completed and in 9 seconds, you will receive 2 emails attached with the purchased PDFs and PDF-invoice, respectively.
Step 8: Optional -- Go to download PDF.
Step 9: Optional -- Click Open/Download PDF to download PDFs and invoice.
See screenshots for above steps: Steps 1~3 Steps 4~6 Step 7 Step 8 Step 9
|