TB/T 2340-2012 PDF English
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Ultrasonic testing detector for rail
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(A multi-channel ultrasonic flaw detector display rail technical conditions)
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(A multi-channel ultrasonic flaw detector display rail technical conditions)
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TB
RAILWAYS INDUSTRY STANDARD
ICS 45.120
S 23
Replacing TB/T 2340-2000, TB/T 2634-1995
Ultrasonic testing detector for rail
Issued on. MARCH 01, 2012
Implemented on. JULY 01, 2012
Issued by. Ministry of Railways of the People's Republic of China
Table of Contents
1 Scope... 6
2 Normative references... 6
3 Terms and definitions... 7
4 Technical requirements... 10
5 Inspection methods... 17
6 Inspection rules... 31
7 Mark, packaging, transportation, storage and accompanying documents... 33
Annex A... 35
Annex B... 36
Annex C... 37
Annex D... 38
Annex E... 39
Bibliography... 40
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the terms and definitions, technical requirements, inspection
methods, inspection rules, marks, package, transportation, storage etc. of the
multi-channel ultrasonic testing detector for rail (hereinafter referred to as the detector)
This Standard applies to multi-channel ultrasonic testing detector for rail.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for application of this document. For the dated
documents so quoted, only the dated versions apply to this document. For the undated
documents so quoted, the latest versions (including all modification sheets) apply to this
document.
GB/T 2423.1 Environmental testing for electric and electronic and electronic products -
Part 2.Test methods - Test A. Cold (GB/T 2423.1-2008, IEC 60068-2-1.2007,
Environmental Testing - Part 2-1.Tests A. Cold, IDT)
GB/T 2423.2 Environmental testing for electric and electronic and electronic products -
Part 2.Test methods - Test A. Heat (GB/T 2423.2-2008, IEC 60068-2-2.2007,
Environmental Testing - Part 2-2.Tests B. Dry heat, IDT)
GB/T 2423.3 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2.Test
method - Test Cab. Damp heat Steady state (GB/T 2423.3-2006, IEC 60068-2-78.2001,
Environmental Testing - Part 2-78.Tests Cab. Damp heat, steady state, IDT)
GB/T 2423.7 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products Part 2.Test
methods - Test Ec and guidance. Drop and topple Primarily for equipment-type
specimens (GB/T 2423.7-1995, IEC 60068-2-31.1982, IDT)
3 Terms and definitions
Following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Multi-channel ultrasonic testing detector for rail
It can be used for the defect detection operation of in-service rail. It is the entirety of
multi-channel ultrasonic testing detector displayed by the defect detection oscilloscope,
including the instrument (including power), probe, water tank with coupling liquid, and
trolley that can be pushed-travelled on the track.
3.4
Amplifier bandwidth
The bandwidth between the high cutoff frequency and low cutoff frequency. This Standard
sets the points where the amplifier gain is 3 dB below the peak value as the limits (see
Figure 1).
Figure 1 Amplifier bandwidth
3.5
Dynamic range
The amplitude ratio between the maximum signal and the minimum signal the ultrasonic
device can show. The minimum signal may be restricted by the system noise and the
maximum signal may be restricted by the saturation of the amplifier or the maximum
attenuation that induces large signal into the screen.
Note. modify the definition 7.4 in GB/T 12604.1-2005.
3.6
Time base-linearity
The degree of proportional relation BETWEEN the input signal provided by calibrated time
generator or provided by multiple reflections of known-thickness plate AND the signal
location indicated on the time base-line.
[Definition 7.2 in GB/T 1604-2005]
4 Technical requirements
4.1 General rules
4.1.1 The detector shall be able to apply to the automatic defect detecting operation for
in-service rail with 43 kg/m-75 kg/m.
4.1.4 Each channel of the detector shall be equipped with sound alarm device; the sound
in each channel shall be easy to distinguish.
4.1.5 The detector shall be equipped with an attenuator.
4.1.6 The detector shall be powered by storage battery; the capacity of the battery shall be
able to meet the requirement that the detector continuously operates for 8 hours.
4.1.10 The detector shall be no damage on its surface; there is no damage on the devices
and components. The performance of each switch shall be stable; the display of indicator
light, oscilloscope tube or display screen and others shall be normal.
4.1.11 The components of detector of the same model shall be exchangeable.
4.1.12 The digital detectors shall have functions such as measuring speed, data replaying,
over-speed alarming, and delivering data according to specified data format.
4.2 Probe
4.2.1 General rules for probes
4.2.1.1 The surface of the probe shall be no damage. the probe wiring shall be flexible; the
plug-in of connector shall be reliable; the shield shall be good.
4.2.1.2 The connectors of the probe shall meet the requirements of superior product or
first grade class product in standard SJ/T 9562.2-1993.
4.2.2 Probe performance
4.2.2.1 Physical properties
For flat probes, the flatness tolerance on the probe coupling surface shall not be more
than 0.05 mm.
4.2.2.2 Echo frequency
Transverse-wave probes. 2 MHz~2.5 MHz; longitudinal wave transducers. 3.5 MHz~5
MHz or 2 MHz~2.5 MHz.
4.2.2.7 Attenuation value of protection boots (film)
The attenuation value of protection boots (film) shall be less than or equal to 8 dB.
4.2.2.8 Resolution
The resolution R of 0° probe shall be ≥18 dB; the resolution R of offset-angle probe shall
be ≥14 dB.
4.2.2.9 Sensitivity margin
The high and low sensitivity of probes is expressed by the sensitivity margin after the
probe has been combined with instruments; the specified value of sensitivity margin S is.
4.3.3 Dynamic range
Minimum limitation. It shall not be less than 16 dB. Maximum limitation. 2 dB~6 dB.
4.3.4 Amplifier frequency response
The central frequency obtained by f0 = (fu x fi)1/2 shall be within ±10% of nominal value.
The amplifier bandwidth ∆f (3 dB lower-point) obtained by ∆f = fu - fi shall be within ±10%
of nominal value of bandwidth, and shall not be less than 40% of the nominal central
frequency of the probe.
4.3.9 The effects of operation voltage on the wave height of detector echo and the
sensitivity of detection (alarm)
Within the rated operation voltage, the position of the detector gate and alarm
electrical level shall have no significant change; the change ∆Nd of echo amplitude and
the detection (alarm) sensitivity change ∆Sd shall not be larger than 1dB respectively.
4.3.10 Digital detector
4.4 Combination property
4.4.1 Sensitivity margin
0° probes. When detecting the 110mm bottom-surface of the WGT-3 test block, and when
the wave height reaches 80%, the sensitivity margin shall not be less than 36 dB.
35° probes and 70° probes. When detecting Φ3mm cross-hole with 65 mm depth on the
WGT-3 test block (see Annex A), and when the wave height reaches 80%, the sensitivity
margin shall not be less than 40 dB.
4.5 Electromagnetic compatibility
The detector shall have relative strong anti-interference ability and can work normally
nearby the electrified lines and stations. The electromagnetic compatibility of the detector
shall comply with provisions of Chapter 6 (Performance decision A) in GB/T
18268.1-2010.
4.7 Temperature stability
When the temperature changes by 10°C, the amplitude and range change of reference
echo cannot exceed ± 5% and ± 1% respectively.
4.8 Vibration performance
The detector shall be able to operate normally after the test in 5.8.
4.9 Drop performance
The detector shall be able to operate normally after the test in 5.9.
4.10 Sealing performance
The detector shall be able to operate normally after the test in 5.10.
4.11 Safety performance
The insulation resistance between the traveling wheel and frame of the detector shall not
be less than 1 MΩ; other parts of the detector shall meet insulation requirements.
5 Inspection methods
5.1 Inspection conditions
5.1.1 Environment condition. In addition to operation ambient temperature test, other tests
can be carried out when the temperature is 10°C-30°C; the relative humidity is 50%-70%;
the operation voltage does not exceed the rated operation voltage of the detector for rail;
the external magnetic interference and direct sunlight shall be avoided with good
ventilation.
5.1.5 The test of combination property shall use coupled probes provided by the
manufacturer.
5.1.6 Coupling agent. Clean machinery oil or clean water.
5.2 Probes
5.2.1 Physical properties
Visually inspect whether there are proper identification and assembly on the outer surface
of the probe and physical damage that may affect the current or future reliability. Measure
the flatness of the probe coupling surface with knife-edge ruler and feeler gauge.
5.2.4 Refraction angle error
Inspect it according to provisions of 3.2.7 in JB/T 10062-1999.5.2.5.1.
5.2.5 Acoustic-axis offset angle
5.2.6 Relative deviation of combined probe
Take the longitudinal center-line of probe housing as a base-line; use ruler to measure the
vertical distance α1 and α2 from the two probe centers to the base-line.
5.2.7 Attenuation value of protective boot (film)
Detect R100 mm arc surface of CSK-I A test block by using a 70° probe with protective
boot (film); move the probe back-and-forth; and keep the probe parallel to the side of test
block.
5.2.8 Resolution
Resolution can be measured with universal flaw-detector conforming to JB/T 10061-1999
standard; the instrument inhibition is set to “zero” or “off” position when testing; it can add
the matching coil if necessary.
5.3 Instrument
5.3.1 Pulse repetition frequency
Inspection method is performed in accordance with the provision 4.12 of JB/T
10061-1999.
5.3.6 Vertical linearity error
Measurement channel inhibition of flaw-detector is set to “0” or minimum; the attenuator
has at least 20 dB of attenuation margin; find a reflected wave with the sound path
equivalent to 100 mm ~ 200 mm longitudinal wave on WGT-3 test block; take it as the
reference wave; adjust the gain and make the amplitude of reference wave up to 100%
(the base-line of relative measurement channel).
5.4.4 Flaw-detection capability
Rail flaw-detector is in an assembled state; it is pushed-travelled at normal flaw-detection
speed; under the condition at a fixed flaw-detection sensitivity and no false alarm, other
artificial defects on GTS-60 test block, other than 15° lower crack, shall be found one by
one. In order to facilitate to distinguish the alarm sound, it can test different channels
separately; it may also lengthen the test block, or process the defects of GTS-60 test
block onto multiple test blocks for testing.
6 Inspection rules
6.1 The inspection of flaw-detector is divided into type inspection and exit-factory
inspection.
6.2 Inspection items of flaw-detector are shown in Table 2.
7 Mark, packaging, transportation, storage and accompanying documents
7.1 Mark
Nameplate of flaw-detector shall identify the type of flaw-detector (high temperature, low
temperature, ordinary), manufacturer’s name, manufacturing time and serial numbers.
7.2 Packaging
Product packaging shall be dustproof, waterproof, anti-vibration and pressure resistant;
the instrument shall be isolated from the car and be packaged separately; the packaging
mark shall be obvious.
7.5 Accompanying documents
Annex A
(Informative Annex)
WGT-3 test block
A.1 Technical conditions
A.1.1 Chemical composition, grain size and internal defect inspection of test block
material shall refer to JB/T 10063-1999.
A.1.2 Limit deviation of unspecified tolerance size is in accordance with IT 14.
A.1.3 Test block is produced by professional factory and shall conduct the united
acceptance.
Annex B
(Informative Annex)
GTS-60C lengthened test block
Material and size of GTS-60C lengthened test block base shall comply with the provisions
of TB/T 2344 corresponding technical requirements; all slot widths are 0.2 mm~0.3 mm.
Other size requirements are shown in Figure B.1.
TB/T 2340-2012
TB
RAILWAYS INDUSTRY STANDARD
ICS 45.120
S 23
Replacing TB/T 2340-2000, TB/T 2634-1995
Ultrasonic testing detector for rail
Issued on. MARCH 01, 2012
Implemented on. JULY 01, 2012
Issued by. Ministry of Railways of the People's Republic of China
Table of Contents
1 Scope... 6
2 Normative references... 6
3 Terms and definitions... 7
4 Technical requirements... 10
5 Inspection methods... 17
6 Inspection rules... 31
7 Mark, packaging, transportation, storage and accompanying documents... 33
Annex A... 35
Annex B... 36
Annex C... 37
Annex D... 38
Annex E... 39
Bibliography... 40
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the terms and definitions, technical requirements, inspection
methods, inspection rules, marks, package, transportation, storage etc. of the
multi-channel ultrasonic testing detector for rail (hereinafter referred to as the detector)
This Standard applies to multi-channel ultrasonic testing detector for rail.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for application of this document. For the dated
documents so quoted, only the dated versions apply to this document. For the undated
documents so quoted, the latest versions (including all modification sheets) apply to this
document.
GB/T 2423.1 Environmental testing for electric and electronic and electronic products -
Part 2.Test methods - Test A. Cold (GB/T 2423.1-2008, IEC 60068-2-1.2007,
Environmental Testing - Part 2-1.Tests A. Cold, IDT)
GB/T 2423.2 Environmental testing for electric and electronic and electronic products -
Part 2.Test methods - Test A. Heat (GB/T 2423.2-2008, IEC 60068-2-2.2007,
Environmental Testing - Part 2-2.Tests B. Dry heat, IDT)
GB/T 2423.3 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2.Test
method - Test Cab. Damp heat Steady state (GB/T 2423.3-2006, IEC 60068-2-78.2001,
Environmental Testing - Part 2-78.Tests Cab. Damp heat, steady state, IDT)
GB/T 2423.7 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products Part 2.Test
methods - Test Ec and guidance. Drop and topple Primarily for equipment-type
specimens (GB/T 2423.7-1995, IEC 60068-2-31.1982, IDT)
3 Terms and definitions
Following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Multi-channel ultrasonic testing detector for rail
It can be used for the defect detection operation of in-service rail. It is the entirety of
multi-channel ultrasonic testing detector displayed by the defect detection oscilloscope,
including the instrument (including power), probe, water tank with coupling liquid, and
trolley that can be pushed-travelled on the track.
3.4
Amplifier bandwidth
The bandwidth between the high cutoff frequency and low cutoff frequency. This Standard
sets the points where the amplifier gain is 3 dB below the peak value as the limits (see
Figure 1).
Figure 1 Amplifier bandwidth
3.5
Dynamic range
The amplitude ratio between the maximum signal and the minimum signal the ultrasonic
device can show. The minimum signal may be restricted by the system noise and the
maximum signal may be restricted by the saturation of the amplifier or the maximum
attenuation that induces large signal into the screen.
Note. modify the definition 7.4 in GB/T 12604.1-2005.
3.6
Time base-linearity
The degree of proportional relation BETWEEN the input signal provided by calibrated time
generator or provided by multiple reflections of known-thickness plate AND the signal
location indicated on the time base-line.
[Definition 7.2 in GB/T 1604-2005]
4 Technical requirements
4.1 General rules
4.1.1 The detector shall be able to apply to the automatic defect detecting operation for
in-service rail with 43 kg/m-75 kg/m.
4.1.4 Each channel of the detector shall be equipped with sound alarm device; the sound
in each channel shall be easy to distinguish.
4.1.5 The detector shall be equipped with an attenuator.
4.1.6 The detector shall be powered by storage battery; the capacity of the battery shall be
able to meet the requirement that the detector continuously operates for 8 hours.
4.1.10 The detector shall be no damage on its surface; there is no damage on the devices
and components. The performance of each switch shall be stable; the display of indicator
light, oscilloscope tube or display screen and others shall be normal.
4.1.11 The components of detector of the same model shall be exchangeable.
4.1.12 The digital detectors shall have functions such as measuring speed, data replaying,
over-speed alarming, and delivering data according to specified data format.
4.2 Probe
4.2.1 General rules for probes
4.2.1.1 The surface of the probe shall be no damage. the probe wiring shall be flexible; the
plug-in of connector shall be reliable; the shield shall be good.
4.2.1.2 The connectors of the probe shall meet the requirements of superior product or
first grade class product in standard SJ/T 9562.2-1993.
4.2.2 Probe performance
4.2.2.1 Physical properties
For flat probes, the flatness tolerance on the probe coupling surface shall not be more
than 0.05 mm.
4.2.2.2 Echo frequency
Transverse-wave probes. 2 MHz~2.5 MHz; longitudinal wave transducers. 3.5 MHz~5
MHz or 2 MHz~2.5 MHz.
4.2.2.7 Attenuation value of protection boots (film)
The attenuation value of protection boots (film) shall be less than or equal to 8 dB.
4.2.2.8 Resolution
The resolution R of 0° probe shall be ≥18 dB; the resolution R of offset-angle probe shall
be ≥14 dB.
4.2.2.9 Sensitivity margin
The high and low sensitivity of probes is expressed by the sensitivity margin after the
probe has been combined with instruments; the specified value of sensitivity margin S is.
4.3.3 Dynamic range
Minimum limitation. It shall not be less than 16 dB. Maximum limitation. 2 dB~6 dB.
4.3.4 Amplifier frequency response
The central frequency obtained by f0 = (fu x fi)1/2 shall be within ±10% of nominal value.
The amplifier bandwidth ∆f (3 dB lower-point) obtained by ∆f = fu - fi shall be within ±10%
of nominal value of bandwidth, and shall not be less than 40% of the nominal central
frequency of the probe.
4.3.9 The effects of operation voltage on the wave height of detector echo and the
sensitivity of detection (alarm)
Within the rated operation voltage, the position of the detector gate and alarm
electrical level shall have no significant change; the change ∆Nd of echo amplitude and
the detection (alarm) sensitivity change ∆Sd shall not be larger than 1dB respectively.
4.3.10 Digital detector
4.4 Combination property
4.4.1 Sensitivity margin
0° probes. When detecting the 110mm bottom-surface of the WGT-3 test block, and when
the wave height reaches 80%, the sensitivity margin shall not be less than 36 dB.
35° probes and 70° probes. When detecting Φ3mm cross-hole with 65 mm depth on the
WGT-3 test block (see Annex A), and when the wave height reaches 80%, the sensitivity
margin shall not be less than 40 dB.
4.5 Electromagnetic compatibility
The detector shall have relative strong anti-interference ability and can work normally
nearby the electrified lines and stations. The electromagnetic compatibility of the detector
shall comply with provisions of Chapter 6 (Performance decision A) in GB/T
18268.1-2010.
4.7 Temperature stability
When the temperature changes by 10°C, the amplitude and range change of reference
echo cannot exceed ± 5% and ± 1% respectively.
4.8 Vibration performance
The detector shall be able to operate normally after the test in 5.8.
4.9 Drop performance
The detector shall be able to operate normally after the test in 5.9.
4.10 Sealing performance
The detector shall be able to operate normally after the test in 5.10.
4.11 Safety performance
The insulation resistance between the traveling wheel and frame of the detector shall not
be less than 1 MΩ; other parts of the detector shall meet insulation requirements.
5 Inspection methods
5.1 Inspection conditions
5.1.1 Environment condition. In addition to operation ambient temperature test, other tests
can be carried out when the temperature is 10°C-30°C; the relative humidity is 50%-70%;
the operation voltage does not exceed the rated operation voltage of the detector for rail;
the external magnetic interference and direct sunlight shall be avoided with good
ventilation.
5.1.5 The test of combination property shall use coupled probes provided by the
manufacturer.
5.1.6 Coupling agent. Clean machinery oil or clean water.
5.2 Probes
5.2.1 Physical properties
Visually inspect whether there are proper identification and assembly on the outer surface
of the probe and physical damage that may affect the current or future reliability. Measure
the flatness of the probe coupling surface with knife-edge ruler and feeler gauge.
5.2.4 Refraction angle error
Inspect it according to provisions of 3.2.7 in JB/T 10062-1999.5.2.5.1.
5.2.5 Acoustic-axis offset angle
5.2.6 Relative deviation of combined probe
Take the longitudinal center-line of probe housing as a base-line; use ruler to measure the
vertical distance α1 and α2 from the two probe centers to the base-line.
5.2.7 Attenuation value of protective boot (film)
Detect R100 mm arc surface of CSK-I A test block by using a 70° probe with protective
boot (film); move the probe back-and-forth; and keep the probe parallel to the side of test
block.
5.2.8 Resolution
Resolution can be measured with universal flaw-detector conforming to JB/T 10061-1999
standard; the instrument inhibition is set to “zero” or “off” position when testing; it can add
the matching coil if necessary.
5.3 Instrument
5.3.1 Pulse repetition frequency
Inspection method is performed in accordance with the provision 4.12 of JB/T
10061-1999.
5.3.6 Vertical linearity error
Measurement channel inhibition of flaw-detector is set to “0” or minimum; the attenuator
has at least 20 dB of attenuation margin; find a reflected wave with the sound path
equivalent to 100 mm ~ 200 mm longitudinal wave on WGT-3 test block; take it as the
reference wave; adjust the gain and make the amplitude of reference wave up to 100%
(the base-line of relative measurement channel).
5.4.4 Flaw-detection capability
Rail flaw-detector is in an assembled state; it is pushed-travelled at normal flaw-detection
speed; under the condition at a fixed flaw-detection sensitivity and no false alarm, other
artificial defects on GTS-60 test block, other than 15° lower crack, shall be found one by
one. In order to facilitate to distinguish the alarm sound, it can test different channels
separately; it may also lengthen the test block, or process the defects of GTS-60 test
block onto multiple test blocks for testing.
6 Inspection rules
6.1 The inspection of flaw-detector is divided into type inspection and exit-factory
inspection.
6.2 Inspection items of flaw-detector are shown in Table 2.
7 Mark, packaging, transportation, storage and accompanying documents
7.1 Mark
Nameplate of flaw-detector shall identify the type of flaw-detector (high temperature, low
temperature, ordinary), manufacturer’s name, manufacturing time and serial numbers.
7.2 Packaging
Product packaging shall be dustproof, waterproof, anti-vibration and pressure resistant;
the instrument shall be isolated from the car and be packaged separately; the packaging
mark shall be obvious.
7.5 Accompanying documents
Annex A
(Informative Annex)
WGT-3 test block
A.1 Technical conditions
A.1.1 Chemical composition, grain size and internal defect inspection of test block
material shall refer to JB/T 10063-1999.
A.1.2 Limit deviation of unspecified tolerance size is in accordance with IT 14.
A.1.3 Test block is produced by professional factory and shall conduct the united
acceptance.
Annex B
(Informative Annex)
GTS-60C lengthened test block
Material and size of GTS-60C lengthened test block base shall comply with the provisions
of TB/T 2344 corresponding technical requirements; all slot widths are 0.2 mm~0.3 mm.
Other size requirements are shown in Figure B.1.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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