NB/T 47014-2023 PDF English
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Welding procedure qualification for pressure equipment
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NB/T 47014-2023: Welding procedure qualification for pressure equipment---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/NBT47014-2023
NB
ENERGY INDUSTRY STANDARD OF
THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 25.160.10
CCS J 33
Replacing NB/T 47014-2011
Welding procedure qualification for pressure equipments
Issued on: DECEMBER 28, 2023
Implemented on: JUNE 28, 2024
Issued by. National Energy Administration
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 6
2 Normative references... 6
3 Terms and definitions... 10
4 General... 14
5 Welding procedure qualification factors and classification... 14
6 Welding procedure qualification for butt welds and fillet welds... 41
7 Qualification of corrosion resistant cladding procedure... 64
8 Others... 74
Appendix A (Informative) Welding procedure specification flow chart... 75
Appendix B (Normative) Supplementary provisions for base materials, filler metals,
welding methods... 76
Appendix C (Normative) Welding procedure qualification of butt welds with buttering
... 79
Appendix D (Normative) Welding procedure qualification of stainless steel-steel
composite plates... 81
Appendix E (Normative) Welding procedure qualification of heat exchange tubes and
tube sheets... 84
Appendix F (Normative) Stud arc welding procedure qualification... 89
Appendix G (Informative) Recommended format for welding procedure qualification
record... 95
Appendix H (Informative) Common English abbreviations and codes for welding
procedure qualification... 105
Welding procedure qualification for pressure equipments
1 Scope
This document specifies the rules, test methods, qualified indicators for welding
procedure qualification for pressure equipment (boilers, pressure vessels, pressure
pipes).
This document is applicable to welding procedure qualification for welding methods
such as gas welding, arc welding, submerged arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding,
gas metal arc welding (including flux-cored arc welding), electroslag welding, plasma
arc welding, friction welding, electrogas welding, stud arc welding, electron beam
welding.
This document is not applicable to welding procedure qualification for gas cylinders.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential clauses of this document
through normative references in the text. Among them, for referenced documents with
dates, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for
referenced documents without dates, the latest version (including all amendments)
applies to this document.
GB/T 150.2 Pressure vessels - Part 2.Materials
GB/T 151 Heat exchangers
GB/T 228 (all parts) Metallic materials - Tensile testing
GB/T 229 Metallic materials - Charpy pendulum impact test method
GB/T 699 Quality carbon structure steels
GB/T 700 Carbon structural steels
GB/T 711 Hot-rolled quality carbon structural steel plates sheets and strips
GB/T 713 Steel plates for boilers and pressure vessels
GB/T 1176 Casting copper and copper alloys
GB/T 1527 Drawn tube of copper and copper alloys
NB/T 47008 Carbon and alloy steel forgings for pressure equipment
NB/T 47009 Alloy steel forgings for low temperature pressure equipment
NB/T 47010 Stainless and heat-resisting steel forgings for pressure equipment
NB/T 47013 (all parts) Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments
NB/T 47018 (all parts) Ordering technical conditions for welding consumables for
pressure equipment
NB/T 47019.2 Purchase technical specification for boiler & heat exchanger tubes -
Part 2.Non-alloy and alloy steel with room temperature properties
NB/T 47019.3 Purchase technical specification for boiler & heat exchanger
tubes/pipes - Part 3.Non-alloy and alloy steel with specified elevated temperature
properties
NB/T 47028 Nickel and nickel alloy forgings for pressure vessels
NB/T 47029 Aluminum and aluminum alloy forgings for pressure vessels
NB/T 47046 Nickel-nickel alloy plate for pressure equipments
NB/T 47047 Nickel-nickel alloy seamless tube and pipe for pressure equipments
JB/T 10087 Technical condition of steam turbine cast steel
YS/T 753 Zirconium and zirconium alloy sheet and plate for pressure vessel
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions as defined in GB/T 3375, as well as the following terms and
definitions, apply to this document. If there is any inconsistency, this document shall
prevail.
3.1
Preliminary welding procedure specification (pWPS)
Welding procedure document prepared for welding procedure qualification.
3.2
Welding procedure qualification
The test process and result evaluation conducted to verify the correctness of the
welding procedure of the proposed weldment.
In this document, welding procedure qualification refers to the process of
conducting verification tests and result evaluation on pWPS, to determine whether
the mechanical properties, bending properties, etc. of the welded joints welded
according to pWPS or the chemical composition, corrosion resistance, bending
properties of the corrosion-resistant cladding layer meet the requirements.
3.3
Procedure qualification record (PQR)
A report that records the verification test and its inspection results and evaluates the
proposed pWPS.
3.4
Welding procedure specification (WPS)
A welding procedure document prepared based on a qualified welding procedure
qualification record to guide product welding.
3.5
Welding working instruction (WWI)
A detailed document on processing and operation related to the manufacture of
weldments. The work instruction used by welders during welding can ensure the
reproducibility of quality during construction.
3.6
Weldment
Pressure-bearing equipment or its parts connected by welding or with a cladding
layer. The weldment consists of two parts. the base material and the weld joint (or
cladding layer).
3.7
Test coupon
A weldment welded according to a predetermined welding process for welding test.
The test coupon consists of two parts. the base material and the weld joint (or
cladding layer).
3.8
Mixed flux
strip surfacing. The calculation formula is. 60×I×U/(V × bandwidth) (J/mm2).
3.22
Buttering
Before the joint is prepared for final welding, pre-welding is performed on one or
two groove surfaces of the joint to increase material, in order to provide a suitable
transition layer weld for subsequent welding.
4 General
4.1 In addition to complying with the provisions of this document, the welding
procedure qualification of pressure equipment shall also comply with the requirements
of relevant standards and technical documents for boilers, pressure vessels, pressure
piping products.
4.2 The general process of welding procedure qualification is. According to the
weldability of metal materials and welding materials, formulate preliminary welding
procedure specifications according to the provisions of design documents and
manufacturing process; prepare test coupons; prepare specimens; detect whether the
welding joints or corrosion-resistant cladding layers meet the specified requirements;
form a welding procedure qualification record to evaluate pWPS.
4.3 Welding procedure qualification shall be carried out in the organization. The
equipment and instruments used for welding procedure qualification shall be in normal
working condition; the metal materials and welding materials shall meet the
corresponding standards; the welding personnel with skilled operation skills in the
organization shall use the equipment of the organization to weld the test coupons.
4.4 The qualified welding procedure refers to the general welding procedure
qualification factors listed in the qualified welding procedure qualification record, the
important factors and supplementary factors in the special welding procedure
qualification factors for butt welds and fillet welds, or the re-evaluated process factors
in the corrosion-resistant cladding process qualification factors.
4.5 See Appendix A for the welding procedure qualification flow chart.
5 Welding procedure qualification factors and classification
5.1 General welding procedure qualification factors and classification for various
welding methods
5.1.1 Welding methods and classification
The categories of welding methods are gas welding, arc welding, submerged arc
welding, gas tungsten arc welding, gas metal arc welding (including flux-cored arc
welding), electroslag welding, plasma arc welding, friction welding, electrogas welding,
stud arc welding, electron beam welding.
5.1.2 Metal materials and classification
Based on the chemical composition, mechanical properties, weldability of metal
materials, the base materials for welded pressure equipment are classified and grouped
according to Table 1.For supplementary provisions on the classification and grouping
of base materials other than Table 1, see Appendix B.
5.1.3 Filler metal and classification
5.1.3.1 Filler metal includes welding rods, welding wires, filler wires, welding strips,
flux, pre-filled filler metal, metal powder, plate electrodes, nozzles, etc.
5.1.3.2 Welding materials for pressure-bearing equipment are categorized according to
the weldability of welding materials, chemical composition and mechanical properties
of deposited metals, with reference to matching base materials. Welding rods are
categorized according to Table 2; welding wires and filler wires for gas welding, gas
shielded welding, plasma arc welding are categorized according to Table 3; welding
wire-flux combinations for submerged arc welding are categorized according to Table
4.For supplementary provisions on the category codes of filler metals other than Tables
2 to 4, see Appendix B.
5.1.4 Post-weld heat treatment and classification
5.1.4.1 Post-weld heat treatment categories of materials which have category numbers
of Fe-1, Fe-3, Fe-4, Fe-5A, Fe-5B, Fe-5C, Fe-6, Fe-9B, Fe-10I, Fe-10H, Fe-11A.
a) No post-weld heat treatment;
b) Post-weld heat treatment below the lower transformation temperature;
c) Post-weld heat treatment above the upper transformation temperature (such as
normalizing);
d) Post-weld heat treatment first above the upper transformation temperature and
then below the lower transformation temperature (i.e. normalizing or tempering
after quenching);
e) Post-weld heat treatment between the upper and lower transformation
temperatures.
5.1.4.2 Except for 5.1.4.1, the post-weld heat treatment categories of materials of each
category number in Table 1.
a) No post-weld heat treatment;
b) Post-weld heat treatment within the specified temperature range.
5.2 Special welding procedure qualification factors and classification for each
welding method
5.2.1 Special welding procedure qualification factors are divided into major factors,
supplementary factors, minor factors.
a) Major factors refer to welding procedure qualification factors that affect the tensile
properties and bending properties of welded joints;
b) Supplementary factors refer to welding procedure qualification factors that affect
the impact toughness of welded joints;
c) Minor factors refer to welding procedure qualification factors that have no
obvious effect on the mechanical properties and bending properties of welded
joints.
5.2.2 Special welding procedure qualification factors and classification for each
welding method shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of Table 5.
5.2.3 The welding procedure qualification rules for butt welds with buttering shall be
implemented in accordance with the provisions of Appendix C.
5.2.4 The welding procedure qualification rules for stainless steel-steel composite plates
shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of Appendix D.
5.2.5 The welding procedure qualification rules for heat exchange tubes and tube sheets
shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of Appendix E.
5.2.6 The procedure qualification rules for stud arc welding shall be implemented in
accordance with the provisions of Appendix F.
6 Welding procedure qualification for butt welds and fillet
welds
6.1 General qualification rules for various welding methods
6.1.1 Qualification rules for welding methods
When the welding method is changed, the welding procedure qualification needs to be
re-performed.
6.1.2 Qualification rules for base materials
6.1.2.1 Qualification rules for categories (except stud welding and friction welding).
a) When the base material category number is changed, so the welding procedure
qualification needs to be re-performed;
b)For welding of a certain category of base materials Fe-1 ~ Fe-5A, qualified
welding procedures such as arc welding, submerged arc welding, gas shielded arc
welding, gas tungsten shielded welding, plasma arc welding with wire are
applicable to welding of the base materials of this category with the base materials
of lower category;
c) Except for b), for welding of base materials of different categories, even if the
welding procedure of each base material is qualified, the welding joint still needs
to be re-qualified;
d) When the heat affected zone specifies impact, the preliminary welding procedures
for welding of two categories (groups) of base materials are the same as the
welding procedure for their respective qualified welding, then the welding of
these two categories (groups) of base materials does not need to be re-qualified.
6.1.2.2 Group qualification rules (except stud welding and friction welding).
a) Except for the following provisions, when the base material group number
changes, the welding procedure qualification needs to be re-performed;
b) The welding procedure that has been qualified for a base material is applicable to
other base materials of the same group number;
c) In the same category number, the welding procedure that has been qualified for a
base material of a higher group number is applicable to the welding of the base
material of the higher group number with the base material of the lower group
number;
d) The welding procedure that has been qualified for a base material of the Fe-1-2
group number is applicable to the base material of the Fe-1-1 group number.
6.1.2.3 Base material qualification rules for friction welding.
a) When the nominal composition or tensile strength grade of the base material
changes, the welding procedure qualification needs to be re-performed;
b) When two base materials of different nominal composition or tensile strength
grades are welded together, even if the welding procedure qualification of each
base material is qualified, the welding joint still needs to be re-performed.
6.1.3 Filler metal qualification rules
6.1.3.1 Changing the filler metal category number requires re-qualification of the
welding procedure, except when a filler metal with a higher strength level replaces a
filler metal with a lower strength level to weld Fe-1 and Fe-3 base materials.
6.1.3.2 When performing submerged arc welding and metal arc gas shielded welding,
the addition, cancellation or volume change of supplemental filler metal exceeding 10%
requires re-qualification of the welding procedure.
6.1.3.3 When an impact test is required, among filler metals of the same category
number, replacing a filler metal with a lower impact absorption energy qualified index
with a higher filler metal (except when the impact absorption energy qualified index is
lower, it can still meet the requirements of this document or design documents) or
replacing a basic coated electrode with a non-basic coated electrode are both additional
factors, an impact toughness test needs to be added.
6.1.3.4 For welding materials for submerged arc welding of austenitic stainless steel in
NB/T 47018.4, if the flux manufacturing method (melting flux, sintering flux) is
changed, the welding procedure qualification must be re-performed.
6.1.4 Qualification rules for post-weld heat treatment
6.1.4.1 If the post-weld heat treatment category is changed, the welding procedure
qualification must be re-performed.
6.1.4.2 When impact testing is required, except for gas welding, stud arc welding,
friction welding, the welding procedure qualification must be re-performed after the
holding temperature or holding time range of the post-weld heat treatment is changed.
The post-weld heat treatment of the test coupon shall be basically the same as the post-
weld heat treatment of the weldment during the manufacturing process. When the post-
weld heat treatment is performed below the lower transformation temperature, the
holding time of the test coupon shall not be less than 80% of the cumulative holding
time of the weldment during the manufacturing process. The holding time of multiple
post-weld heat treatments with the same holding temperature can be accumulated into
one completion.
6.1.5 Qualification rules for test coupon thickness and weldment thickness
6.1.5.1 The welding procedure for which the butt weld test coupon is qualified is
applicable to the effective range of weld thickness, as specified in Table 6 or Table 7.
6.1.5.2 When an impact test is required, after the welding procedure of arc welding,
submerged arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, gas metal arc welding, plasma arc
welding, electrogas welding is qualified, if T ≥ 6 mm, the minimum effective range of
weld base material thickness applicable is the test coupon thickness T and 16 mm
(whichever is smaller); if T < 6 mm, the minimum effective range of weld base material
thickness applicable is T/2.If the test coupon is subjected to post-weld heat treatment
above the upper transformation temperature, the austenite-ferrite duplex steel weld joint
or the austenite weld joint is solution treated, the welding procedure qualification with
impact test is applied to welds without impact requirements, the provisions of Table 6
or Table 7 shall still be followed.
6.1.5.3 When the thicker base material weldment belongs to the conditions listed in
Table 8, the maximum value of the effective range of the base material thickness of the
weldment that the qualified welding procedure is applicable to shall be in accordance
with the provisions of Table 8.
6.1.5.4 When the test coupon meets the welding conditions listed in Table 9, the
maximum thickness of the weldment that the qualified welding procedure is applicable
to shall be in accordance with the provisions of Table 9.
a) The root of the fillet weld shall be fully penetrated; there shall be no cracks or
unfused weld metal, fusion zone, heat affected zone;
b) The difference between the two weld legs of the fillet weld shall not exceed 3 mm.
7 Qualification of corrosion resistant cladding procedure
7.1 Qualification rules
7.1.1 If the cladding method is changed, the cladding procedure needs to be re-qualified.
7.1.2 The qualification factors of cladding procedure for various welding methods shall
be in accordance with the provisions of Table 15.
7.1.3 The qualified cladding procedure for the horizontal fixed position (5G) of the
tubular test coupon is applicable to flat welding, vertical welding, overhead welding;
the cladding procedure that is qualified in the horizontal welding, vertical welding,
overhead welding positions or the qualified cladding procedure for the 45° fixed
position (6G) of the tubular test coupon is applicable to all welding positions.
7.1.4 The thickness of the test coupon's base layer is applicable to the thickness range
of the weldment base layer according to the provisions of Table 16.
7.2 Qualification method
7.2.1 Test coupon form
The cladding test coupon is divided into two types. plate and tubular. The tubular refers
to tubes and rings.
7.2.2 Test coupon size
7.2.2.1 The length and width of the plate cladding test coupon are greater than or equal
to 150 mm, see Figure 14.Tubular cladding test coupons can be clad on the outer wall
or inner wall of the tube, with a length greater than or equal to 150 mm; the minimum
diameter shall meet the requirements for the number of specimens cut, see Figure 15.
7.2.2.2 The width of the cladding layer is greater than or equal to 40 mm.
7.3 Inspection requirements and result evaluation
7.3.1 Inspection items
It shall include penetration testing, bending test, chemical composition, corrosion
resistance.
7.3.1.1 PT testing shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of NB/T 47013;
cracks are not allowed.
7.3.1.2 Bending test
7.3.1.2.1 Sampling method.
a) The surface of the cladding test coupon is properly machined; then 4 side bending
specimens are cut from the test coupon. It can cut 2 specimens each in parallel
and perpendicular to the welding direction from the plate test coupon, OR all 4
specimens perpendicular to the welding direction. For tubular test coupons, it can
cut 4 specimens parallel to the axial direction of the tube. The sampling positions
are shown in the double-dotted lines in Figures 14 and 15.
b) The width of the specimen shall at least include the entire cladding layer, the
fusion zone, the base heat affected zone.
c) When the test coupon T ≥ 25 mm, the specimen width (excluding the cladding
layer) is greater than or equal to 25 mm; when the specimen T < 25 mm, the
specimen width (excluding the cladding layer) is equal to T. The specimen size
refers to Figure 9.
7.3.1.2.2 Test method.
a) The bending test is carried out to determine the integrity and plasticity of the
cladding metal, fusion zone, base heat affected zone according to the test methods
specified in GB/T 2653 and Table 12;
b) The center of the specimen shall be aligned with the axis of the indenter. If there
are defects on the surface of the specimen, the side with more serious defects shall
be used as the tensile surface;
c) The bending angle shall be measured when the specimen is under load;
d) In Table 12, No.6, if the lower limit of the standard value of the elongation at
break A is less than 20% of the base material, if its welded joint fails the bending
test in accordance with Table 12 No.6, whilst the measured value is less than 20%,
it is allowed to increase the diameter of the bending core and re-test. At this time,
the diameter of the bending core of the indenter is equal to S (200 - A) / 2A (A is
the lower limit of the specified value of the elongation at break multiplied by 100),
the distance between the supports is equal to the diameter of the indenter plus (2S
+ 3) mm.
7.3.1.2.3 Qualified indicators.
After the bending specimen is bent to the specified angle, there shall be no opening
defect greater than 1.5 mm in any direction of the corrosion-resistant cladding layer of
the specimen; there shall be no opening defect greater than 3 mm in the fusion zone.
7.3.1.3 Chemical composition analysis
7.3.1.3.1 Sampling position.
a) The plate test coupon is sampled from the middle part of the length direction of
the cladding layer. Chemical analysis specimens are required for the cladding
metal of each welding position. In vertical welding, if the welding direction
changes, sampling shall be carried out at the upward vertical welding position.
b) The sampling position of the tubular test coupon is related to the welding position
of the test coupon, as shown in Figure 16.The cladding layer corresponding to
the shadow line in the Figure is the sampling position. The test coupon's 1G and
2G positions are 1 sampling position; select 2 welding positions at the 5G position
and select 3 welding positions at the 6G position for sampling (if there are upward
vertical welding and downward vertical welding, only the upward vertical
welding position is sampled).
When the test coupon 5G is clad by motorized welding or automatic welding, if the
cladding direction of adjacent welds is changed alternately and is perpendicular to the
center line of the tube, the upward vertical welding and the downward vertical welding
are regarded as one vertical welding sampling.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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