NB/T 47013.5-2015 PDF English
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Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipment - Part 5: Penetrant Testing
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NB/T 47013.5-2015: Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipment - Part 5: Penetrant Testing---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/NBT47013.5-2015
NB
ENERGY INDUSTRY STANDARD
ICS 77.140.20
H 26
GB/T 47013.5-2015
Replacing JB/T 4730.5-2005
Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipment �C
Part 5.Penetrant Testing
Issued on. APRIL 2, 2015
Implemented on. SEPTEMBER 1, 2015
Issued by. National Energy Administration
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Application Scope... 5
2 Normative References... 5
3 Terms and Definitions... 5
4 General Requirements... 6
5 Basic Procedures of Penetrant Testing... 13
6 Operating Method of Penetrant Testing... 14
7 Penetrant Testing of Pressure Equipment in Use... 18
8 Assessment of Testing Results and Quality Grading... 19
9 Testing Records and Reports... 20
Annex A (Normative) Diagram of Technological Procedures of Fluorescent and
Dye Penetrant Testing... 22
Annex B (Normative) Testing Method Used for Non-standard Temperature
... 23
1 Application Scope
This Part of NB/T 47013 specifies the liquid penetrant testing method and quality
grading of pressure Equipment.
This Part applies to the testing of surface-breaking defects which are caused in the
manufacture, installation and use of pressure Equipment made of non-porous metallic
materials.
2 Normative References
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition dated applies to this document. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced documents (including all
amendments) applies to this Part.
GB 11533, Standard for Logarithmic Visual Acuity Charts
GB/T 12604.3, Non-destructive Testing �C Terminology �C Terms Used in Penetrant
Testing
JB/T 6064, Non-destructive Testing �C General Specification for Penetrant Blocks
JB/T 7523, Non-destructive Testing �C Materials for Penetrant Testing
NB/T 47013.1, Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipment �C Part 1.General
Requirements
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this Part, the following terms and definitions and those defined in
GB/T 14604.3 and NB/T 47013.1 apply.
3.1
relevant indication
Trace indication formed by penetrant exuded through defects, generally also called
defect indication.
3.2
non-relevant indication
Indication formed by the external factors irrelevant to defects.
3.3
false indications
Penetrant indication caused by contamination of penetrant, testing environment and
other reasons.
3.4
assessment
The process in which the relevant indications of penetrant observed are analyzed to
determine the causes and classification process of such indications.
4 General Requirements
4.1 Testing personnel
4.1.1 The personnel performing penetrant testing shall be as specified in NB/T
47013.1.
4.1.2 The near (fractional) and distant visual acuity of penetrant testing personnel
with or without correction shall not be lower than 5.0.The testing method shall be as
specified in GB 11533; they shall be examined once a year and colour blindness is not
permitted.
4.2 Testing apparatus
4.2.1 Penetrant testing agents
The penetrant testing agents include penetrant, emulsifier, solvent cleaner and
developer.
4.2.1.1 The quality of penetrants shall meet the following requirements.
4.2.1.2 The quality control of developer shall meet the following requirements.
4.2.1.3 Penetrant testing agents shall be marked with date of manufacture and shelf
life, and accompanied with product certificates and operation instructions.
4.2.3 Black light irradiance meter
Black light irradiance meter is used to measure black light irradiance meter; its
ultraviolet wavelength shall be within the range of 315 nm ~ 400 nm; the peak
wavelength is 365 nm.
4.2.4 Fluorescence brightness meter
Fluorescence brightness meter is used to measure the fluorescence brightness of
penetrant; its wavelength shall be within the range of 430 nm ~ 600 nm; the peak
wavelength is 500 nm ~ 520 nm.
4.2.5 Illuminance meter
Illuminance meter is used to measure visible light illuminance.
4.2.6 Test blocks
4.2.6.1 Aluminium alloy blocks (reference blocks of type A)
The dimensions of aluminium alloy blocks are as shown in Figure 1.Test blocks consist
of two parts which have the same size and are made by splitting one test bock into two;
the two parts are stamped with the same sequential numbers and marked with signs
A and B; test blocks of A and B shall have fine, symmetrical crack patterns. Other
requirements for aluminium alloy blocks shall be as specified in JB/T 6064.
4.3 Technological documents of testing
4.3.1 Technological documents of testing include technological procedures and
operating instructions.
4.3.2 Technological procedures shall be as specified in NB/T 47013.1 as well as the
specific ranges or requirements of relevant factors listed in Table 2; in case the
variations of relevant factors exceed the ranges, technological procedures shall be
drafted or revised once again.
4.3.3 Operating instructions shall be compiled in accordance with the content of
technological procedures and the testing requirements of test pieces to be tested; their
content shall be as specified in NB/T 47013.1 and at least include.
4.3.4 Process verification of operating instructions
4.4 Safety requirements
The chemical products required by the penetrant materials in this Part may be toxic
and harmful, flammable and combustible and (or) volatile, and therefore, attention shall
be drawn to their protection and relevant provisions on safety and health and of
environmental protection laws issued by the state and local regions shall be abided by.
Penetrant testing shall be carried out in a well-ventilated or open site.; when testing is
carried out in a confined space, protective devices shall be provided and used. When
black light lamp is used in fluorescent testing, exposure of the eyes to black light shall
be prevented.
4.5 Classification and selection of penetrant testing methods
4.5.3 Selection of penetrant testing methods
4.6 Testing period
4.6.1 Unless specified otherwise, penetrant testing of welded joints shall be carried
out after welding is completed or welding procedure is completed. For the materials
having tendency to crack, the penetrant testing of welded joints shall be carried out 24
h at least after welding is finished.
4.6.2 The penetrant testing of fasteners and forgings shall generally be carried out
after the final heat treatment.
5 Basic Procedures of Penetrant Testing
5.1 The basic procedures of penetrant testing are as follows.
5.2 See Annex A for the technological procedures of fluorescent and dye penetrant
testing.
6 Operating Method of Penetrant Testing
6.1 Pre-treatment
6.1.1 Surface preparation.
6.1.2 Pre-rinsing
The surface conditions of testing position influence the testing quality of penetrant
testing to a large extent. Therefore, pre-rinsing shall be carried out after surface
cleaning is completed, in order to remove the dirt on the test surface. During cleaning,
solvents, detergents or others may be used. The rinsing range shall not be lower than
the requirement in 6.1.1.
6.2 Application of penetrant
6.3 Emulsification treatment
6.3.1 Before emulsification treatment, try to remove the residual penetrant attached
to the surface of work pieces to be tested. When hydrophilic emulsifier is used, first
use the water spraying method to directly remove most of residual penetrant, then
apply emulsifier, and then use water for rinsing after the residual penetrant on the
surface of work pieces to be tested is fully emulsified.
6.4 Removal of residual penetrant
6.4.1 When the tested surface of work pieces is washed to remove residual penetrant,
attention shall be drawn to the prevention of over removal and lowering the testing
quality. Meanwhile, attention shall be drawn to insufficient removal resulting in the
difficulty in the identification of defect indications. When fluorescent penetrant is used,
residual penetrant may be observed while removing under the exposure of ultraviolet
lamp.
6.5 Drying treatment
6.5.1 When dry developer or solvent suspensible developer is applied, the tested
surface shall be dried before application; when aqueous developers (water soluble and
water suspensible developers) are applied, the tested surface shall be dried after
application.
6.6 Application of developer
6.6.1 When dry developer is used, first carry out drying treatment, then use an
appropriate method to spray developer uniformly on the whole tested surface and
maintain for a certain period. The residual developer is removed by knocking lightly or
using light air flow.
6.7 Observation
6.7.1 The observation of indications shall be started after dry developer is applied or
wet developer is dry, and carried out continuously during the development time. If the
size of indication remains unchanged, it may exceed the above-mentioned time.
6.9 Retesting
6.9.1 In case of any of the following circumstances, retesting needs to be carried out.
6.9.2 When retesting is decided, the tested surface shall be cleaned thoroughly.
6.10 Post rinsing
Carry out post rinsing after testing of work pieces is completed, in order to remove
residuals detrimental to future use or materials.
7 Penetrant Testing of Pressure Equipment in Use
If high-strength steel and materials sensitive to cracks (including cold crack, heating
crack and reheating crack) are used, or if the pressure Equipment in use are used in
the environment of corrosive media for a long term where stress corrosion cracking or
fatigue cracking may occur, during the penetrant testing of the pressure Equipment in
use, the sensitivity grade C shall be used for the testing.
8 Assessment of Testing Results and Quality Grading
8.1 Assessment of testing results
8.1.1 The indications include relevant indications, non-relevant indications and false
indications. The recording and assessment of non-relevant indications and false
indications is not necessary.
8.1.2 The indications less than 0.5 mm are omitted; any other relevant indication shall
be treated as a defect.
8.1.3 The relevant indications of the ratio of length to width greater than 3 shall be
treated as linear defects; those of the ratio of length to width less than or equal to 3
shall be treated as circular defects.
8.1.4 When the angle between the long axial direction of relevant indications and the
axis or generatrix of work pieces (axis parts and tube parts) is greater than or equal to
30��, they shall be treated as transverse defects; and others shall be treated as
longitudinal defects.
8.1.5 When two or more linear relevant indications are on the same straight line and
have a spacing between each other not greater than 2 mm, they are treated as one
defect and the length is the sum of the lengths of two relevant indications plus the
spacing.
8.2 Quality grading
8.2.1 Any cracking is not allowed. Any transverse defect indication on fasteners and
axis parts is not allowed.
8.2.2 The quality grading of welded joints is as specified in Table 5.
8.2.3 See Table 6 for the quality grading assessment of other parts.
9 Testing Records and Reports
9.1 The information and data concerning the testing process shall be recorded in
detail in accordance with the actual conditions of operating on site. The records of
penetrant testing shall at least include the following content, in addition to those
specified in NB/T 47013.1.
9.2 Testing reports shall be issued in accordance with the testing records. The reports
of penetrant testing shall at least include the following content, in addition to those
specified in NB/T 47013.1.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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