NB/T 47013.3-2023 PDF English
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NB/T 47013.3-2023: Nondestructive testing of pressure equipment - Part 3: Ultrasonic testing---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/NBT47013.3-2023
NB
ENERGY INDUSTRY STANDARD OF
THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.040.20
CCS H 26
Replacing NB/T 47013.3-2015
Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 3.
Ultrasonic testing
Issued on. DECEMBER 28, 2023
Implemented on. JUNE 28, 2024
Issued by. National Energy Administration
Table of Contents
Foreword... 6
1 Scope... 8
2 Normative references... 8
3 Terms and definitions... 9
4 General requirements... 11
5 Ultrasonic testing methods and quality rating of raw materials or parts for pressure
equipment... 21
6 Ultrasonic testing method and quality rating for welded joints of pressure equipment
... 51
7 Ultrasonic testing method for thickness of pressure equipment... 76
8 Ultrasonic testing methods for pressure equipment in use... 84
9 Ultrasonic testing records and reports... 93
Appendix A (Normative) Electrical performance index requirements for ultrasonic
detectors... 95
Appendix B (Normative) Performance index requirements for ultrasonic detection
probes... 98
Appendix C (Normative) Performance requirements of dual chip straight probes.. 100
Appendix D (Normative) Testing method and acceptance criteria for plates for pressure
equipment by ultrasonic oblique probe... 102
Appendix E (Normative) Ultrasonic oblique probe testing method and quality rating of
carbon steel and low alloy steel annular and cylindrical forgings for pressure equipment
... 105
Appendix F (Normative) Ultrasonic oblique probe testing method for austenitic
stainless steel ring and cylindrical forgings for pressure equipment... 111
Appendix G (Normative) Ultrasonic testing methods and quality rating of weld overlays
for pressure equipment... 114
Appendix H (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method and quality rating for butt joints of
aluminum, aluminum alloy, titanium pressure equipment... 119
Appendix I (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method and quality rating of austenitic
stainless steel and nickel-based alloy welded joints of pressure equipment... 122
Appendix J (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method for curved longitudinal butt joints
of pressure equipment... 142
Appendix K (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method for curved circumferential butt
joints of pressure equipment... 146
Appendix L (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method for fillet joints between tubes and
cylinders (or heads) of pressure equipment... 149
Appendix M (Normative) Ultrasonic testing method for T-shaped welded joints of
pressure equipment... 154
Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 3.
Ultrasonic testing
1 Scope
1.1 This document specifies the method and quality rating requirements for ultrasonic
testing of pressure equipment, using the A-type pulse reflection method.
1.2 This document is applicable to the ultrasonic testing of raw materials, parts, welded
joints made of metal materials, during the production and use of pressure equipment.
1.3 The ultrasonic testing of metal support parts and structural parts (including welded
joints) related to pressure equipment can be carried out, in accordance with the
provisions of this document.
1.4 When ultrasonic imaging technology combining A-type display and other display
methods is used for testing, it can also be carried out in accordance with the provisions
of this document.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute the essential provisions of this
document through normative references in the text. Among them, for referenced
documents with dates, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this
document; for referenced documents without dates, the latest version (including all
amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 699 Quality carbon structural steels
GB/T 11259 Non-destructive testing - Practice for fabrication and control of steel
reference blocks used in ultrasonic testing
GB/T 12604.1 Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Ultrasonic testing
GB/T 27664.1 Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of
ultrasonic test equipment - Part 1.Instruments
GB/T 27664.2 Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of
ultrasonic test equipment - Part 2.Probes
GB/T 29460 Safety evaluation for electrofusion joint of polyethylene tubes
containing defects
GB/T 30579 Damage modes identification for pressure equipments
JB/T 8428 Non-destructive testing - General specification for ultrasonic blocks
JB/T 9214 Non-destructive testing - Test methods for evaluating performance
characteristics of a-scan pulse-echo ultrasonic testing systems
JB/T 10062 Testing methods for performance of probes used in ultrasonic flaw
detection
NB/T 47013.1 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 1.General
requirements
NB/T 47013.15 Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments - Part 15.Phased-
array ultrasonic testing
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 12604.1 and NB/T 47013.1, as well as the
following terms and definitions, apply to this document.
3.1
Reduction of backwall echo BG/BF
When testing forgings, the ratio -- of the first backwall echo amplitude BG in the
intact area near the defect to the first backwall echo amplitude BF in the defect area
[expressed by the relative gain value (dB value) of the two].
3.2
Clustered indications
When testing forgings, there are 5 or more defect reflection signals in a cubic area
with a side length of 50 mm, meanwhile their reflection amplitudes are all greater
than or equal to a certain flat bottom hole equivalent.
3.3
Reference sensitivity
The sensitivity when the echo height of the reference reflector on the comparison
block or the echo height of the bottom surface of the tested workpiece is adjusted to
a certain reference.
4 General requirements
4.1 Testing personnel
4.1.1 The general requirements for ultrasonic testing personnel shall comply with the
provisions of NB/T 47013.1.
4.1.2 In addition to understanding and mastering basic ultrasonic theory and necessary
practical experience, ultrasonic testing personnel shall also have certain basic
knowledge of metal materials, equipment manufacturing and installation, welding and
heat treatment; be familiar with the material, manufacturing process and acoustic
characteristics of the workpiece to be tested; be able to analyze, judge, deal with
problems encountered during testing.
4.2 Testing equipment and instruments
4.2.1 Product quality certificate of ultrasonic testing instrument (hereinafter
referred to as "instrument") and probe
The instrument product quality certificate shall at least give the main performance
parameters, such as preheating time, low voltage alarm voltage or low voltage
automatic shutdown voltage, transmission pulse repetition frequency, effective output
impedance, transmission pulse voltage, transmission pulse rise time, transmission pulse
width (when square wave pulse is used as transmission pulse), receiving circuit band.
The probe quality certificate shall give the main parameters, such as center frequency,
bandwidth, electrical impedance or static capacitance, relative pulse echo sensitivity,
oblique probe sound beam performance (including probe incident point or front edge,
probe refraction angle β or K value, etc.).
4.2.2 Instrument, probe and combination performance
4.2.2.1 Instrument
A-type pulse reflection ultrasonic detector is used. Its operating frequency shall at least
include the frequency range of 0.5 MHz ~ 10 MHz according to -3 dB measurement.
The performance indicators of the instrument shall meet the requirements of Appendix
A. It shall provide certification documents issued by a third-party laboratory accredited
by ISO/IEC 17025, according to the specifications and models.
4.2.2.2 Probe
The diameter of the circular chip shall generally be less than or equal to 40 mm. The
length of any side of the square chip shall generally not exceed 40 mm. The
performance indicators of the probe shall meet the requirements of Appendix B. It shall
provide certification documents issued by a third-party laboratory accredited by
ISO/IEC 17025, according to the specifications and models.
4.2.2.3 Combination performance of instrument and probe
4.2.2.3.1 The combination performance of the instrument and probe includes horizontal
linearity, vertical linearity, combined frequency, sensitivity margin, blind area (only for
straight probes), far-field resolution.
5 Ultrasonic testing methods and quality rating of raw
materials or parts for pressure equipment
5.1 Scope
This chapter specifies the ultrasonic testing methods and quality rating of raw materials
or parts for pressure equipment.
5.2 Ultrasonic testing process documents for raw materials or parts for pressure
equipment
In addition to complying with the provisions of 4.3, the ultrasonic testing process
documents for raw materials or parts shall also include the relevant factors listed in
Table 2.
5.3 Ultrasonic testing method and quality rating of plates for pressure equipment
5.3.1 Scope
5.3.1.1 This article applies to the ultrasonic testing method and quality rating of plates
for pressure equipment, which are made of carbon steel and low alloy steel with a
workpiece thickness greater than or equal to 6 mm.
5.3.1.2 For ultrasonic testing of medium alloy steel plates, the comparison block shall,
in principle, use a special comparison block of the corresponding material; the testing
method shall be implemented in accordance with this article; the quality rating shall
comply with the provisions of this article.
5.3.1.3 For ultrasonic testing of plates of high alloy steel (including ferrite, ferrite-
austenite, austenite, high manganese austenite, etc.), aluminum and aluminum alloys,
titanium and titanium alloys, nickel and nickel alloys, copper and copper alloys, etc.,
the comparison test blocks shall be special comparison test blocks of corresponding
materials; the testing methods shall refer to this article; the quality rating shall comply
with the provisions of this article.
5.3.1.4 The ultrasonic testing method of plates using imaging technology is as shown
in Appendix U; the quality rating shall comply with the provisions of this article.
5.3.2 Testing principles
5.3.2.1 Plates are generally tested with straight probes.
5.3.2.2 Where there are doubts about defects during the testing process or there are
provisions in the technical agreement between the contracting parties, oblique probes
shall be used for testing.
5.3.2.3 Any rolled surface of the plate can be selected for testing. When the testing
personnel deem it necessary or the technical conditions require it, the upper and lower
rolled surfaces of the plate can also be tested separately.
5.3.2.4 During testing, it shall be ensured that the temperature of any part of the plate
(including the thickness direction) does not exceed 50 °C. When the testing temperature
is higher than 50 °C, the testing process shall be verified.
6 Ultrasonic testing method and quality rating for welded
joints of pressure equipment
6.1 Scope
6.1.1 This chapter specifies the ultrasonic testing method and quality rating for welded
joints of pressure equipment, which is made of carbon steel and low alloy steel. Its
scope of application and principles of use shall comply with the provisions of Table 20.
6.1.2 For ultrasonic testing of welded joints of pressure equipment made of other fine-
grained isotropic and low-sound-attenuation metal materials, the comparison test block
shall be a special comparison test block of the corresponding material. The testing
method may be carried out in accordance with the provisions of this chapter; however,
the change of the acoustic properties of the material (sound velocity, etc.) shall be
considered. The quality rating shall comply with the provisions of this chapter (except
for ultrasonic testing of welded joints of pressure equipment made of aluminum and
aluminum alloys and titanium).
6.1.3 For ultrasonic testing of welded joints of pressure equipment made of ferritic
medium alloy steel and high alloy steel, the comparison test block shall be a special
comparison test block of the corresponding material. The testing method shall refer to
this chapter; the quality rating shall comply with the provisions of this chapter.
6.1.4 The ultrasonic testing method and quality rating of the weld overlay of pressure
equipment shall comply with the provisions of Appendix G.
6.1.5 The ultrasonic testing method and quality rating of the butt joints of aluminum,
aluminum alloy, titanium pressure equipment shall comply with the provisions of
Appendix H.
6.1.6 The ultrasonic testing method and quality rating of austenitic stainless steel and
nickel-based alloy welded joints of pressure equipment shall comply with the
provisions of Appendix I.
6.1.7 For the ultrasonic testing, testing method, quality rating of welded joints of carbon
steel and low alloy steel supporting parts and structural parts related to pressure
equipment, it can refer to the provisions of this chapter.
6.1.8 The ultrasonic testing method of welded joints of carbon steel and low alloy steel
pressure equipment using imaging technology is shown in Appendix U; the quality
rating shall comply with the provisions of this chapter.
6.2 Ultrasonic testing process documents for welded joints of pressure equipment
In addition to complying with the provisions of 4.3, the process documents for
ultrasonic testing of welded joints shall also include the relevant factors listed in Table
21.
7 Ultrasonic testing method for thickness of pressure
equipment
7.1 Scope
This chapter applies to ultrasonic measurement of thickness of boiler, pressure vessel
shell, head, connecting tube, cladding layer, cladding of composite steel plate; it also
applies to ultrasonic measurement of thickness of pressure pipeline.
7.2 Testing personnel
7.2.1 Personnel, who use digital ultrasonic thickness gauge (direct reading) to measure
thickness of pressure equipment, shall have received training from the organization and
be familiar with instrument principles, calibration methods, sound velocity of common
materials and sound velocity setting methods, instrument application scope, etc.; or
hold inspection and testing personnel qualification certificate.
7.2.2 Personnel who use ultrasonic detector to measure thickness of pressure equipment
shall hold ultrasonic testing qualification certificate.
7.3 Sound velocity of main materials
The sound velocity of main materials is as shown in Table 36.When using, if necessary,
the actual sound velocity of the material shall be measured.
7.4 Measuring instruments
7.4.1 Thickness measuring instruments include ultrasonic detectors, digital thickness
gauges with A-scan display, digital thickness gauges. They are selected according to the
thickness range, surface condition, material, measurement accuracy requirements of the
workpiece to be measured. Ultrasonic detectors are generally suitable for thickness
measurement of pressure equipment which has a workpiece thickness t greater than or
equal to 200 mm; the measurement accuracy is usually ±1 mm. Digital thickness gauges
with A-scan display and digital thickness gauges are generally suitable for thickness
measurement of pressure equipment, which has a workpiece thickness t less than 200
mm; the measurement accuracy is usually ±(0.5%t + 0.05 mm).
7.4.2 The ultrasonic detector uses the time-amplitude signal displayed in A-type, to
measure the thickness by reading the time interval between the initial pulse and the first
bottom echo, as well as the set sound velocity of the workpiece, OR the time interval
between multiple bottom echoes on the A-type display time base as well as the set sound
velocity of the workpiece.
7.4.3 The digital ultrasonic thickness gauge with A-scan display is a combination of an
A-scan display ultrasonic detector and an additional circuit for digital thickness display.
The instrument with A-scan display can check the validity of the measurement; it can
also display the change of the measured value or thickness, such as internal defects or
discontinuities of geometric structures of the workpiece.
7.4.4 The principle of a digital ultrasonic thickness gauge is generally to measure the
time interval -- between the initial pulse and the first bottom echo or between multiple
bottom echoes of the workpiece; then associate it with the set sound velocity; convert
it into the workpiece thickness value and display it on the instrument screen.
7.5 Probe
7.5.1 Ultrasonic thickness measurement usually uses a direct contact single chip straight
probe. It can also use a single chip straight probe with a delay block and a dual chip
straight probe.
7.5.2 The wall thickness measurement of high temperature (greater than or equal to
50 °C) or low temperature (lower than 0 °C) test pieces requires a special probe.
7.5.3 When the thickness of the workpiece to be measured is less than 1.5 mm, a special
probe shall be used or the measurement shall be carried out according to the
measurement range of the thickness gauge.
7.6 Calibration test block
The calibration test block shall comply with the provisions of Figure 25.Other test
blocks may also be used to calibrate the instrument under the conditions of meeting
measurement accuracy.
7.7 Coupling agent
7.7.1 The coupling agent shall comply with the provisions of 4.2.4.
7.7.2 When used in high temperature applications, an appropriate high temperature
coupling agent shall be selected.
7.7.3 When the surface temperature of the workpiece to be measured or the ambient
temperature is lower than 0 °C, an appropriate low temperature resistant coupling agent
shall be selected.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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