JJF 1059.1-2012 PDF English
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Evaluation and expression of uncertainty in measurement
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Evaluation and Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
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JJF 1059.1-2012: Evaluation and expression of uncertainty in measurement---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/JJF1059.1-2012
JJF
METEOROLOGICAL INDUSTRY STANDARD
Evaluation and expression of uncertainty in
measurement
[Including Amendment 2013XG1]
Issued on. DECEMBER 03, 2012
Implemented on. JUNE 03, 2013
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine
Evaluation and expression of uncertainty in
measurement
Replacing JJF 1059-1999
Administrative organization.
National Legal Metrology Management Metrology Technical Committee
Drafting organizations.
Jiangsu Institute of Metrology
China Academy of Metrology
Beijing Institute of Technology
Measurement Division of General Administration of Quality Supervision,
Inspection and Quarantine
For this specification, the National Legal Metrology Management Metrology
Technical Committee was entrusted for its interpretation.
Drafters of this specification.
Ye Depei
Zhao Feng (Jiangsu Institute of Metrology)
Shi Changyan
Yuan Zundong (China Academy of Metrology)
Sha Dingguo (Beijing Institute of Technology)
Zhou Taogeng (Beijing Institute of Technology)
Chen Hong (Measurement Department of General Administration of Quality
Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine)
Table of Contents
Introduction... 7
1 Scope... 10
2 Normative references... 11
3 Terms and definitions... 12
4 Evaluation method of measurement uncertainty... 25
5 Report and expression of measurement uncertainty... 51
6 Application of measurement uncertainty... 56
Appendix A Examples of evaluation methods of measurement uncertainty
(reference)... 59
Appendix B Table of tp(��) values (t values) for t distributions with different
probabilities p and degrees of freedom �� (supplementary)... 92
Appendix C Summary of symbols related to quantities (supplementary)... 94
Appendix D English-Chinese contrast of terms (reference)... 97
Amendment No.1 to JJF 1059.1-2012 "Evaluation and expression of
uncertainty in measurement"... 99
1 Scope
a) The general method for evaluating and expressing measurement
uncertainty specified in this specification is applicable to measurement
fields of various accuracy levels, such as.
1) The establishment of national measurement standards and
measurement standards at all levels and the comparison of values;
2) The setting value of standard substance and the release of standard
reference data;
3) Preparation of technical documents such as measurement methods,
verification procedures, verification system tables, calibration
specifications, etc.;
4) Expression of measurement results and measurement capabilities in
measurement qualification recognition, measurement confirmation,
quality certification, laboratory accreditation;
5) Calibration, verification and other measurement services of measuring
instruments;
6) Measurement in the fields of scientific research, engineering, trade
settlement, medical and health care, safety protection, environmental
monitoring, resource protection.
b) This specification mainly concerns the measurement uncertainty of the
measured estimated value that is clearly defined and can be characterized
by a unique value. As for the measured quantity value that appears as a
distribution of a series of values or depends on one or more parameters
(for example, with time as the parameter variable), the description of the
measured quantity value shall be a set of values, the distribution and
relationship shall be given.
c) This specification is also applicable to the evaluation and expression of
uncertainties in the design and theoretical analysis of experiments,
measuring methods, measuring devices, complex components and
systems.
d) This specification mainly applies to the following conditions.
1) It can be assumed that the probability distribution of the input is
symmetrically distributed;
2) It can be assumed that the probability distribution of the output is
approximately normal distribution or t distribution;
3) The measurement model is a linear model, a model that can be
converted into a linear model, or a model that can be approximated by
a linear model.
2 Normative references
This specification refers to the following documents.
JJF 1001-2011 General terms in metrology and their definitions
GB/T 70-2008 Numerical rounding rules and expression and judgment of
limit values
GB 3101-1993 General principles concerning quantities, units and symbols
GB/T 4883-2008 Statistical interpretation of data - Detection and treatment
of outliers in the normal sample
ISO/IEC GUIDE 98-3.2008 Uncertainty of measurement - Part 3.Guide to
the expression of uncertainty of measurement
ISO 3534-1.2006 Statistics - Vocabulary and symbols - Part 1.General
statistical terms and terms used in probability
For dated references, only the dated versions apply to this specification; for
dated references, the latest versions (including all amendments) apply to this
specification.
3 Terms and definitions
The metrology terminology in this specification adopts JJF 1001-2011, which is
based on the revision of international standard ISO/IEC GUIDE 99.2007 (the
third edition of VIM). The probability and statistical terms used in this
specification basically adopt the terms and definitions of the international
standard ISO 3534-1.2006.
3.1 Measured [JJF 1001,4.7]
The amount to be measured.
3.2 Measurement results, result of measurement [JJF 1001,5.1]
A set of measured quantity values as assigned along with other useful
relevant information.
3.3 Measured quantity value [JJF 1001,5.2]
Also called the measured value quantity, referred to as measured value.
Represents the magnitude of the measurement result.
3.4 Measurement precision [JJF 1001, 5.10]
Referred to as precision
Under the specified conditions, the degree of agreement between the
measured indication value and the measured quantity value through
repeated measurement of the same or similar measured object.
4 Evaluation method of measurement uncertainty
The method for evaluating the measurement uncertainty in this specification is
called GUM method for short. The general process of evaluating measurement
uncertainty with the GUM method is as shown in Figure 1.
4.1 Analysis of sources of measurement uncertainty
4.1.1 The measured quantity value obtained by the measurement is only the
estimated value to be measured. Random effects and system effects in the
measurement process will cause measurement uncertainty.
4.1.3 The correction is only to compensate the system error; the correction
value is uncertain. When evaluating the measurement uncertainty of the
corrected measured estimated value, it shall consider the uncertainty
introduced by the correction.
4.1.4 Errors or sudden factors in the measurement are not a source of
measurement uncertainty. I
4.2 Establishment of measurement model
4.2.1 In the measurement, when the measured (i.e. output quantity) Y is
determined by N other quantities X1, X2,..., XN (i.e. input quantity) through the
function f, the formula (1) is called the measurement model.
4.2.2 In simple direct measurement, the measurement model may be as simple
as the formula (3).
4.2.4 The measurement model for physical quantity measurement is generally
determined based on physical principles. For non-physical quantities or when it
cannot be determined by physical principles, the measurement model can also
be determined by experimental methods;
4.2.5 If the data indicates that the measurement function fails to model the
measurement process to the accuracy required for measurement, additional
input must be added to the measurement model to reflect the lack of knowledge
of the amount of influence.
4.3 Evaluation of standard uncertainty
4.3.1 Overview
4.3.1.1 The measurement uncertainty is generally composed of several
components; each component is characterized by the standard deviation
estimate of its probability distribution, called the standard uncertainty. Each
component represented by standard uncertainty is represented by ui.
4.3.3 Type B evaluation of standard uncertainty
4.3.3.1 The method of type B evaluation is to judge the measured possible
value interval [ - ��, + ��] based on the relevant information or experience,
assuming the probability distribution of the measured quantity value, according
to the probability distribution and the required probability p, to determine k, then
the standard uncertainty uB of type B can be obtained by formula (21).
Where.
4.3.3.2 The half width �� of interval is generally determined based on the
following information.
4.3.3.3 Determination method of k value
4.3.3.4 The probability distribution is assumed in the following different
situations.
4.4 Calculation of combined standard uncertainty
4.4.1 Uncertainty propagation law
When the measured Y is determined by N other quantities X1, X2,..., XN through
the linear measurement function f, the estimated value y to be measured is.
The combined standard uncertainty uc(y) of the measured estimated value y is
calculated according to formula (23).
4.5 Determination of extended uncertainty
4.5.1 Extended uncertainty is the half width of the coverage interval of possible
values to be measured. Extended uncertainty is divided into two types. U and
Up. When the measurement result is given, the extended uncertainty U is
generally reported.
4.5.2 Extended uncertainty U
The extended uncertainty U is obtained by multiplying the combined standard
uncertainty uc by the coverage factor k, and calculated according to formula
(40).
4.5.3 Extended uncertainty Up
When the interval determined by the extended uncertainty is required to be
close to the specified coverage probability p, the extended uncertainty is
represented by the symbol Up; when p is 0.95 or 0.99, they are expressed as
U95 and U99, respectively.
5 Report and expression of measurement uncertainty
5.1 Report of measurement uncertainty
5.1.1 The complete measurement result shall report the estimated value to be
measured and its measurement uncertainty and related information. The report
shall be as detailed as possible, so that users can correctly use the
measurement results.
5.1.2 Generally, when reporting the following measurement results, the
combined standard uncertainty uc(y) is used; if necessary, its effective degree
of freedom ��eff is given.
5.1.3 In addition to the above provisions or the parties concerned agreed to the
use of combined standard uncertainty, usually when reporting measurement
results, they are expressed as extended uncertainty.
When it comes to the measurement of industry, commerce, health and safety,
if there are no special requirements, the extended uncertainty U will be reported,
which is generally taken as k = 2.
5.1.4 The measurement uncertainty report generally includes the following.
5.1.5 When the measurement results are reported with combined standard
uncertainty, they shall.
5.2 Expression of measurement uncertainty
5.3 Other requirements when reporting uncertainty
5.3.1 The expression of relative uncertainty shall use the subscript r or rel. For
example. relative combined standard uncertainty ur or urel; relative expanded
uncertainty Ur or Urel. The relative uncertainty of measurement results, Urel or
urel, is reported as follows.
6 Application of measurement uncertainty
6.1 Requirements for reporting measurement uncertainty in
calibration certificate
6.1.1 In the calibration certificate, the uncertainty of the calibration value or
correction value shall generally be evaluated according to the actual situation
at each calibration.
6.2 Laboratory calibration and expression of measurement capability
6.3 Application in other situations
6.3.1 Application of measurement uncertainty in conformity evaluation is as
shown in JJF 1059.3.
6.3.2 In a large number of daily measurements in industry, commerce, etc.,
although there is no clear uncertainty report, the measuring instruments used
are verified to be in a qualified state, meanwhile the measurement procedures
are clearly stipulated in the technical documents, then the uncertainty may be
evaluated by technical indicators or specified documents.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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