JG/T 231-2018_English: PDF (JG/T231-2018)
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Standard ID | JG/T 231-2018 (JG/T231-2018) | Description (Translated English) | Technical requirements of building glass skylight system | Sector / Industry | Building & Construction Industry Standard (Recommended) | Classification of Chinese Standard | P32 | Classification of International Standard | 91.060.20 | Word Count Estimation | 25,270 | Date of Issue | 2018-06-26 | Date of Implementation | 2018-12-01 | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | JG/T 231-2007 | Quoted Standard | GB/T 2680; GB/T 4171; GB/T 5117; GB/T 5118; GB/T 5224; GB/T 5237.1; GB/T 5237.2; GB/T 5237.3; GB/T 5237.4; GB/T 5237.5; GB/T 5237.6; GB/T 8485; GB 8624; GB/T 9535; GB/T 9944; GB/T 11944; GB/T 11976; GB/T 13912; GB/T 14370; GB 15763.3-2009; GB 15763.4 | Drafting Organization | China Building Standard Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd. | Administrative Organization | Technical Committee for Standardization of Building Structures of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development | Regulation (derived from) | Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development Announcement 2018 No. 126 | Proposing organization | Institute of Standardization of Housing and Urban-Rural Development | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People Republic of China | Summary | This standard specifies the terms and definitions, classification and marking, general requirements, materials and components, fabrication and assembly requirements, requirements and test methods for architectural glass roofing. This standard applies to architectural glass lighting roof. | Standard ID | JG/T 231-2007 (JG/T231-2007) | Description (Translated English) | Building glass skylight system | Sector / Industry | Building & Construction Industry Standard (Recommended) | Classification of Chinese Standard | Q33 | Classification of International Standard | 91.060.20 | Word Count Estimation | 21,296 | Date of Issue | 2007/12/24 | Date of Implementation | 2008-06-01 | Quoted Standard | GB 5237.1; GB 5237.2; GB 5237.3; GB 5237.4; GB 5237.5; GB 5237.6; GB/T 5574; GB/T 6388; GB/T 8484-2002; GB/T 8485-2002; GB/T 11944; GB/T 11976-2002; GB/T 13306; GB/T 15227-2007; GB 15763.2; GB 15763.3; GB 16776; GB 17841; GB 50009; GB 50011; GB 50016; GB 50045; GB 50057; GB 50205; JG 138; JG/T 174; JG/T 200; JG/T 201; JGJ/T 16; JC/T 486; JC/T 882; JC/T 914; JC/T 915; HG/T 3100 | Drafting Organization | China Academy of Building Standard Design | Administrative Organization | Ministry of Construction products and components and parts of products Standardization Technical Committee | Summary | This standard specifies the architectural glass skylight terms and definitions, classification and marking, general requirements, materials, performance, production and assembly requirements, test methods, inspection rules and signs, packaging, transportation and storage. This standard applies to architectural glass skylight, architectural glass awning can refer to use. |
JG/T 231-2018
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY INDUSTRIAL STANDARD
OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 91.060.20
P 32
Replacing JG/T 231-2007
Technical requirements of building glass skylight
system
ISSUED ON: JUNE 26, 2018
IMPLEMENTED ON: DECEMBER 01, 2018
Issued by: Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the
People's Republic of China
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Terms and definitions ... 8
Annex A (informative) Detection limit of different matrix specimens ... 33
Annex B (informative) Chromatogram of organochlorine pesticide mixed
standard solution ... 33
Annex C (informative) Method uncertainty ... 36
Bibliography ... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Technical requirements of building glass skylight
system
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the terms and definitions, classification and marks,
general requirements, materials and components, production and assembly
requirements, requirements and test methods.
This Standard is applicable to building glass skylight system.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of
this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
GB/T 2680, Determination of light transmittance, solar direct transmittance,
total solar energy transmittance and ultraviolet transmittance for glass in
building and related glazing factors
GB/T 4171, Atmospheric corrosion resisting structural steel
GB/T 5117, Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of non-alloy
and fine grain steels
GB/T 5118, Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of creep-
resisting steels
GB/T 5224, Steel strand for prestressed concrete
GB/T 5237 (all parts), Wrought aluminium alloy extruded profiles for
architecture
GB/T 8485, The graduation and test for airborne sound insulating properties
of windows and doors
GB 8624, Classification for burning behavior of building materials and
products
GB/T 9535, Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules-design
qualification and type approval
GB/T 9944, Stainless steel wire ropes
GB/T 11944, Insulating glass unit
GB/T 11976, Graduation and test method of daylighting properties for
external windows
GB/T 13912, Metallic Coatings - Hot Dip Galvanized Coatings on Fabricated
Iron
GB/T 14370, Anchorage, grip and coupler for prestressing tendons
GB 15763.3-2009, Safety glazing materials in building - Part 3: Laminated
glass
GB 15763.4, Safety glazing materials in building - Part 4: Heat soaked
thermally tempered glass
GB/T 18911, Thin-film terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules - Design
qualification and type approval
GB/T 20047.1, Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification - Part 1:
Requirements for construction
GB/T 20878, Stainless and heat-resisting steels - Designation and chemical
composition
GB/T 20492, Zinc-5%aluminum-mixed mischmetal alloy-coated steel wire
and steel wire strand
GB/T 23615.1, Thermal barrier materials for architecture aluminium alloy
extruded profiles - Part 1: Polyamide profiles
GB/T 23615.2, Thermal barrier materials for architectural aluminum alloy
profiles - Part 2: Thermal barrier polyurethane
GB/T 24498, Gaskets for doors, windows and curtain walls of buildings
GB/T 25821, Stainless steel wire strand
GB/T 29043, Graduation and test method for thermal insulating properties of
curtain walls
GB/T 29551, Laminated solar PV glazing materials in building
GB/T 29738, Graduations and test method for performance of exterior
windows and doors, curtain walls impacted by windborne debris in windstorm
JG/T 449, Polyvinyl butyral(PVB) interlayer for building mounted photovoltaic
module
JG/T 455, Tempered Glass for Window, Door and Curtain Wall in Buildings
JG/T 471, Elastic sealants for insulating glass units of windows and curtain
walls in building
JG/T 475, Structural Silicon Sealants for Building Curtain Wall
JG/T 492, General Technical Requirements for PV Member Used for
Buildings
JGJ 16, Code for electrical design of civil buildings
JGJ 26, Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings in
Severe Cold and Cold Zones
JGJ 75, Design standard for energy efficiency of residential buildings in hot
summer and warm winter zone
JGJ 85, Technical specification for application of anchor, grip and coupler
JGJ 113, Technical specification for application of architectural glass
JGJ 134, Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings in
Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone
JGJ/T 151, Calculation specification for thermal performance of windows,
doors and glass curtain-walls
JGJ 203, Technical code for application of solar photovoltaic system of civil
buildings
JGJ 255, Technical specification for skylight and metal roof
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 building glass skylight system
glass skylight system for short
A general term for envelope structure, decorative structure and canopy
composed of glass panel and support system with an angle of less than 75° to
the horizontal plane.
4.2.2 Marking example
Example: CGD-S-K-FB/3.5-JG/T231, which represents a closed glass skylight
system that is supported by cable rod structure, is openable, the structural
performance is 3.5kPa and complies with the industrial standard JG/T 231.
5 General requirements
5.1 The materials used for glass skylight system shall meet the relevant
regulations of the current national standards, see Annex A. There shall be exit-
factory certificate and quality certificate.
5.2 The physical and mechanical properties of the materials used for glass
skylight system shall meet the design requirements. The materials selected in
severe cold and cold areas shall meet the requirements of preventing low
temperature brittleness.
5.3 The area of glass panel used for glass skylight system shall not exceed
2.5m2. The length of the long side shall not be greater than 2m.
5.4 When the glass skylight system uses glass beam support, the glass beam
shall use laminated glass and the laminated glass original sheet shall be
tempered or semi-tempered ultra-white flat glass. The glass beam shall have a
good adaptability to temperature deformation, earthquake action and structural
deformation. After a piece of glass in laminated glass for glass beams is broken,
the glass beam shall still meet the structural performance design requirements.
The glass beam shall also meet the following requirements:
a) When the glass beam needs to be punched, the tempered laminated glass
shall be used;
b) When the glass beam does not need to be punched, the semi-tempered
laminated glass shall be used.
5.5 When the glass skylight system is installed with sunshade products, the
sunshade products shall comply with the requirements of JG/T 274.
5.6 The safety performance of the glass skylight system shall meet the design
requirements and shall be able to adapt to the deformation of the main structure
and the effects of temperature.
5.7 The energy-saving design of glass skylight system shall comply with the
requirements of GB 50176, GB 50189, JGJ 26, JGJ 75 and JGJ 134.
5.8 The durability of glass skylight system, anti-condensation (frost, ice) and
hail resistance shall meet the design requirements.
steel surface and the inside of closed profiles without end closures. Closed
profiles shall be end-sealed;
c) When using fluorocarbon paint or polyurethane paint to spray, the coating
film thickness shall not be less than 35μm. In areas with poor environment
such as seashore, the coating film thickness shall not be less than 45μm.
6.2.3 Stainless steel for glass skylight system shall use austenitic stainless steel.
The chemical composition shall comply with the requirements of GB/T 20878
and the nickel content shall not be less than 8%. Stainless steel shall meet the
requirements of current national standards, see Annex A.
6.2.4 Atmospheric corrosion resisting structural steel shall comply with the
requirements of GB/T 4171.
6.2.5 The welding material shall match the properties of the metal being welded.
The electrode used shall meet the requirements of GB/T 5117 and GB/T 5118.
Welding shall meet the requirements of GB 50661.
6.2.6 Main stress members and connectors shall use steel plates with a wall
thickness of not less than 4mm, hot-rolled steel pipes with a wall thickness of
not less than 2.5mm, and angle steel with a size of not less than L45mm × 4mm
and L56mm × 36mm × 4mm as well as cold-formed thin-walled steel with a wall
thickness of not less than 2mm.
6.2.7 Steel cable pressure pipe joints for glass skylight system shall meet the
requirements of JG/T 201. Other steel accessories used with glass skylight
system shall meet the design requirements.
6.3 Pull rod
6.3.1 Steel ropes for glass skylight system shall use steel strands. The nominal
diameter of the steel strand of the main load steel rope shall not be less than
12mm and shall meet the design requirements.
6.3.2 Zinc-5% aluminum-mixed rare earth alloy coated steel strands shall meet
the requirements of GB/T 20492. Other steel strands shall meet the
requirements of GB/T 5224. Stainless steel strands shall meet the requirements
of GB/T 25821 and JG/T 200.
6.3.3 Stainless steel wire ropes shall meet the requirements of GB/T 9944.
6.3.4 The finished cable shall have a chemical composition report and a product
quality certificate. When using non-standard cable, there shall be a qualification
report of its ultimate tensile test.
6.3.5 Anchors for cables shall comply with GB/T 14370 and JGJ 85.
6.5 Hardware
6.5.1 The hardware for glass skylight system shall comply with the relevant
national standards. See Annex A for common material standards.
6.5.2 In addition to stainless steel, hardware for glass skylight system shall be
anti-corrosive.
6.5.3 The bearing capacity and service life of the hardware shall meet the
design requirements. Check the bearing capacity of main stressed hardware.
6.6 Sealing material
6.6.1 Seam sealant for glass skylight system shall use neutral silicone
construction sealant that complies with JC/T 882 and the Displacement
capacity shall meet the deformation requirements of engineering seam. The
sealant shall be compatible with panel material. When it is not compatible with
laminated glass film, it shall take measures to avoid contact.
6.6.2 When the glass skylight system uses hidden frame installation, the
secondary sealant of insulating glass as well as adhesive for glass and profile
bonding shall use neutral silicone structure sealant that complies with JG/T 475.
6.6.3 Before silicone construction sealant and silicone structure sealant are
used, compatibility test of organic materials in contact with them and peel
adhesion test of materials bonded to them shall be performed by a nationally
recognized testing agency. In addition, it shall confirm the Shore hardness of
silicone structural sealant, the tensile adhesion under standard conditions.
Products that fail the tests shall not be used.
6.6.4 Sealing strips for glass skylight system shall comply with GB/T 24498.
Rubber products shall meet the requirements of HG/T 3099. When using rubber
products, silicone rubber, EPDM or neoprene shall be used.
6.7 Photovoltaic components
6.7.1 Solar photovoltaic components for glass skylight system shall meet the
requirements of JG/T 492. Photovoltaic laminated glass shall meet the
requirements of GB/T 29551. Photovoltaic insulating glass shall meet the
requirements of GB/T 29759.
6.7.2 Thin film photovoltaic components shall meet the requirements of GB/T
18911.
6.7.3 Crystalline silicon photovoltaic components shall meet the requirements
of GB/T 9535.
6.7.4 Other forms of photovoltaic components shall meet the requirements of
The insulation performance testing of glass skylight system shall be performed
in accordance with GB/T 29043. When testing, the test piece shall be installed
at the actual angle. The insulation performance can also be calculated
according to the method specified by JGJ/T 151.
9.5 Heat-shielding performance
The solar heat gain coefficient of glass skylight system shall be calculated
according to JGJ/T 151.
9.6 Photothermal performance
9.6.1 The measurement of visible light transmittance shall be performed
in accordance with GB/T 2680. Visible light transmittance of glass skylight
system can be calculated according to JGJ/T 151.
9.6.2 Light-to-heat ratio LSG is the ratio of the visible light transmittance
to the total solar transmittance g, that is, .
9.7 Thermal cycling performance
Thermal cycling performance of glass skylight system can be implemented
according to JG/T 397. When testing, the test piece shall be installed at the
actual angle.
9.8 Sound insulation performance
Sound insulation performance of glass skylight system can be implemented
according to GB/T 8485.
9.9 Lighting performance
Lighting performance testing can be performed in accordance with GB/T 11976.
9.10 Impact resistance performance
9.10.1 Resistance to soft heavy objects
The testing of the impact resistance of glass skylight system to soft heavy
objects shall be performed in accordance with Annex C.
9.10.2 Resistance to hard heavy objects
The testing of the impact resistance of glass skylight system to hard heavy
objects shall be performed in accordance with 7.11 in GB 15763.3-2009. Use
the upside of 1040g steel ball impact laminated glass, laminated insulating
Annex A
(informative)
Common material standards
GB/T 699-2015, Quality carbon structural steels
GB/T 700-2006, Carbon structural steels
GB/T 912-2008, Hot-rolled sheets and strips of carbon structural steels and high
strength low alloy structural steels
GB/T 1220-2007, Stainless steel bars
GB/T 1591-2008, High Strength Low Alloy Structural Steels
GB/T 2100-2017, Corrosion-resistant steel castings for general applications
GB/T 2518-2008, Continuously hot-dip zinc-coated steel sheet and strip
GB/T 3077-2015, Alloy structure steels
GB/T 3098 (all parts), Mechanical Properties of Fasteners
GB/T 3190-2008, Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy - Chemical
composition
GB/T 3274-2007, Hot-rolled plates and strips of carbon structural steels and
high strength low alloy structural steels
GB/T 3280-2015, Cold rolled stainless steel plate, sheet and strip
GB/T 3524-2015, Hot-rolled carbon and low alloy structural steel strips
GB/T 4226-2009, Cold finished stainless-steel bar
GB/T 4237-2015, Hot rolled stainless steel plate, sheet and strip
GB/T 4238-2015, Heat-resisting steel plate, sheet and strip
GB/T 5277-1985, Fasteners; Clearance holes for bolts and screws
GB/T 6967-2009, Martensitic stainless-steel castings for general engineering
application
GB/T 8162-2008, Seamless Steel Tubes for Structural Purposes
......
JG/T 231-2007
JG
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY STANDARD
OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Building Glass Skylight System
建筑玻璃采光顶
ISSUED ON. DECEMBER 24, 2007
IMPLEMENTED ON. JUNE 1, 2008
Issued by. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the
People’s Republic of China
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative References ... 4
3 Terms and Definitions ... 5
4 Classification and Designation ... 6
5 General Requirements ... 7
6 Material ... 7
7 Performance ... 10
8 Fabrication and Assembling Requirements ... 13
9 Test Methods ... 22
10 Inspection Rules ... 23
Annex A (Informative) General Standards ... 27
Annex B (Normative) Field Rainwater Leakage Test Method ... 29
Foreword
Annex A of this Standard is informative; Annex B is normative.
This Standard was proposed by the Institute of Standards and Quotas of the Ministry
of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China.
This Standard shall be under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Technical
Committee on Building Products, Components and Parts of the Ministry of Housing
and Urban-Rural Development.
The responsible drafting organizations of this Standard. China Institute of Building
Standard Design & Research and China Academy of Building Research.
The participating drafting organizations of this Standard. Guangdong Provincial
Academy of Building Research, Beijing Jinyige Curtain Wall Decoration Engineering
Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Sanxin Special Glass Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Fangda
Decoration Engineering Co., Ltd., Shenyang Yuanda Aluminium Industry Engineering
Co., Ltd., Shanghai Hanart Façade Specialist Co., Ltd., Shanghai Kesheng Curtain
Wall Co., Ltd., Beijing Shenlong Construction Decoration Engineering Co., Ltd., Hong
Kong Kin Long Construction Hardware (Group) Co., Ltd., CSG Holding Co., Ltd.,
Hangzhou Zhijiang Silicone Chemicals Co., Ltd., Zhuhai King Ceberal Engineering Co.,
Ltd., Jiangsu Hoovercool Group Co., Ltd., Beijing Jianli Aluminium Doors Windows and
Wall Co., Ltd. Zhengzhou Zhongyuan Silande High Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou
Baiyun Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Chengdu Guibao Science and Technology Co.,
Ltd. and Guangdong Golden Curtain Wall Group Co., Ltd..
The main drafters of this Standard. Gu Taichang, Wang Hongtao, Long Wenzhi, Yang
Shichao, Ban Guangsheng, Zhang Guixian, Xie Shitao, Cui Qinghui, Zhan Shuwu,
Yang Renjie, Hu Zhongming, Wei Donghai, Bai Baokun, Xu Wuyi, Liu Ming, Wang
Deqin, He Guoxiang, Sun Deyan, Zhang Deheng, Zhang Guanqi, Li Buchun, Huang
Qingwen, Fang Zheng, Liu Huitao and Yu Liyun.
This Standard was issued for the first time.
Building Glass Skylight System
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the terms and definitions, classification and designation,
general requirements, materials, performances, fabrication and assembling
requirements, test methods, inspection rules and marking, packaging, transportation
and storage of the building glass the skylight system (hereinafter referred to as the
skylight systems).
This Standard applies to the building glass skylight systems; it can be used as a
reference for building glass awnings.
2 Normative References
The provisions in the following documents become part of this Standard through
reference in this Standard. For dated documents, the subsequent amendments
(excluding corrigenda) or revisions do not apply to this Standard. However, all parties
who enter into agreement based on this Standard are encouraged to study whether
the latest versions of these documents are applicable. For undated documents, the
latest versions apply to this Part.
GB 5237 (all parts), Wrought aluminium alloy – Extruded profile for architecture
GB/T 5574, Industrial rubber sheet
GB/T 6388, Transport package shipping mark
GB/T 8484-2002, Graduation and test method for thermal insulating properties of
windows
GB/T 8485-2002, The graduation and test method for airborne sound insulating
properties of windows
GB/T 11944, Insulating glass unit
GB/T 11976-2002, Graduation and test method for daylighting properties of
windows
GB/T 13306, Plate
GB/T 15227-2007, Test method of air permeability, water tightness, wind load
resistance performance for curtain walls
GB 15763.2, Safety glazing materials in building – Part 2. Tempered glass
GB 15763.3, Safety glazing materials in building – Part 3. Laminated glass
GB 16776, Structural silicon sealants for building
GB 17841, Tempered and heat-strengthened glass used in curtain walls
GB 50009, Load code for the design of building structures
GB 50011, Code for seismic design of buildings
GB 50016, Code of design on building fire protection and prevention
GB 50045, Code for fire protection design of tall civil buildings
GB 50057, Design code for protection of structures against lightning
GB 50205, Code for acceptance of construction quality of steel structures
JG 138, The support device of point supported glass curtain wall
JG/T 174, Rigid plastic thermal barrier strip for buildings
JG/T 200, Stainless steel strand for structures
JG/T 201, Swaged fitting of steel strand for curtain wall
JGJ/T 16, Code for electrical design of civil buildings
JC/T 486, Elastic sealants for insulating glass
JC/T 882, Sealants for joint glass curtain wall
JC/T 914, Hot melt butyl sealant for insulating glass
JC/T 915, Heat bent glass
HG/T 3100, Specifications for preformed solid vulcanized rubber materials of glass
window and panel sealed by building rubber gasket
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
roof plate
the plate which directly bears roof load and effect
3.2
6.2 Glass
6.2.1 The glass used for the skylight system shall be safety glass, preferably
insulating glass and laminated insulating glass. Glass sheets can be used in
accordance with the design requirements, and the thickness of glass sheets shall not
preferably be smaller than 6 mm and the thickness of glass sheets of laminated glass
shall not preferably be less than 5 mm.
6.2.2 When tempered glass is used for the skylight system, it shall be as specified in
GB 15763.2 and heat-strengthened glass shall be as specified in GB 17841 and
tempera; tempered glass is preferably treated with secondary homogenizing.
6.2.3 The laminated glass used for the skylight system shall also meet the following
requirements, in addition to the requirements of GB 15763.3.
a) laminated glass is preferably dry processed with the difference between two
sheets of laminated glass is preferably not greater than 2 mm;
b) the sealant for laminated glass is preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB) sealant; the
thickness of PVB sealant shall not be less than 0.76 mm; and
c) the margins of laminated glass exposed to air shall be seal processed.
6.2.4 The laminated insulating glass used for the skylight system shall meet the
following requirements in addition to the provisions in 6.2.3 and GB/T 11944.
a) the thickness of the gas layer of insulating glass shall not be smaller than 12 mm;
b) insulating glass shall be of dual-sealed structure. the dual sealing of hidden frame
glass shall be with silicone structure sealant;
c) the sandwich layer of insulating glass shall be located on the lower surface of
insulating glass; and
d) when the altitude difference between the manufacturing place and the using
place or transporting route is greater than 1 000 m, it is preferable to add capillary
tubes or breathing tubes to balance the inside and outside pressure differences.
6.2.5 All glass of the skylight system shall be edge ground and chamfered.
6.3 Steel
6.3.1 Carbon structural steel, low-alloy high-strength structural steel and weathering
resistant steel and others used for the Support structure of the skylight system shall be
as specified in relevant national standards; and corrosion resistant treatment shall be
done in accordance with the design requirements.
6.3.2 Stainless steel is preferably austenitic stainless steel whose nickel content shall
not be smaller than 8%.
6.6.3 The load-carrying capacity and service life of the hardware accessories shall
be capable of meeting the design requirements; the carrying capacity checking
computation shall be conducted for the major force-bearing hardware.
6.7 Sealing material
6.7.1 The rubber products shall be as specified in HG/T 3100 and GB/T 5574; they
are preferably EPDM, neoprene and silicone rubber.
6.7.2 The properties of silicone structural sealant shall be as specified in GB 16776.
Before use, a state-approved testing institution conducts the tests for the compatibility
with the organic materials in contact with it and the peeling adhesion performance of
the materials adhered; and conducts retests for shore hardness and standard state
tensile adhesi...
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