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GB/T 7216-2023 English PDF (GB/T 7216-2009, GB/T 7216-1987)

GB/T 7216-2023_English: PDF (GB/T7216-2023)
Standard IDContents [version]USDSTEP2[PDF] delivered inStandard Title (Description)StatusPDF
GB/T 7216-2023English440 Add to Cart 0--9 seconds. Auto-delivery Metallographic test for grey cast iron Valid GB/T 7216-2023
GB/T 7216-2009English70 Add to Cart 0--9 seconds. Auto-delivery Metallographic test for gray cast iron Obsolete GB/T 7216-2009
GB/T 7216-1987English919 Add to Cart 6 days [Need to translate] Gray cast iron metallography Obsolete GB/T 7216-1987


BASIC DATA
Standard ID GB/T 7216-2023 (GB/T7216-2023)
Description (Translated English) Metallographic test for grey cast iron
Sector / Industry National Standard (Recommended)
Classification of Chinese Standard J31
Classification of International Standard 77.080.10
Word Count Estimation 32,351
Date of Issue 2023-05-23
Date of Implementation 2023-05-23
Older Standard (superseded by this standard) GB/T 7216-2009
Drafting Organization CRRC Qishuyan Locomotive Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Weichai Power Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Electromechanical Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhu Xinxing Casting Tube Co., Ltd., Guangxi Yuchai Machine Parts Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Midea Group Co., Ltd., Shandong Huijin Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Hangyang Casting Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Boxing Industry and Trade Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Yueda Precision Forging Co., Ltd., Tianrun Industrial Technology Co., Ltd., Shandong University of Technology, Liyang Xinli Machinery Casting Co., Ltd., Jinhua Wanliyang Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Gangrui Precision Machinery Co., Ltd., Yantai Shengdi Auto Parts Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Shandong Longji Machinery Co., Ltd., Ningbo Tuotie Machinery Co., Ltd., Yantai City Standard Metrology Inspection and Testing Center, Zhejiang Kunbo Seiko technology shares
Administrative Organization National Foundry Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 54)
Proposing organization National Foundry Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 54)
Issuing agency(ies) State Administration for Market Regulation, National Standardization Management Committee

BASIC DATA
Standard ID GB/T 7216-2009 (GB/T7216-2009)
Description (Translated English) Metallographic test for gray cast iron
Sector / Industry National Standard (Recommended)
Classification of Chinese Standard J31
Classification of International Standard 77.140.80
Word Count Estimation 20,237
Date of Issue 2009-10-30
Date of Implementation 2010-04-01
Older Standard (superseded by this standard) GB/T 7216-1987
Quoted Standard GB/T 9439; GB/T 13298
Adopted Standard ISO 945-1-2008, MOD
Drafting Organization Shanghai Research Institute of Materials
Administrative Organization Casting National Standardization Technical Committee
Regulation (derived from) National Standard Approval Announcement 2009 No.12 (Total No.152)
Proposing organization China Machinery Industry Federation
Issuing agency(ies) Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China; Standardization Administration of China
Summary This standard specifies the method of assessment under an optical microscope gray cast microstructure. This standard graphite distribution shape, graphite length, pearlite number, carbide quantity, phosphorus eutectic number, eutectic number of evaluation method provides made ??and lists the corresponding rating chart. This standard applies to general assessment of gray cast iron and low- alloy microstructure.

BASIC DATA
Standard ID GB/T 7216-1987 (GB/T7216-1987)
Description (Translated English) Gray cast iron metallography
Sector / Industry National Standard (Recommended)
Classification of Chinese Standard J31
Classification of International Standard 77.040.30
Word Count Estimation 23,238
Date of Issue 1987/1/24
Date of Implementation 1987/10/1
Older Standard (superseded by this standard) JB 2264-1978
Adopted Standard ISO 945-1975, NEQ
Regulation (derived from) Announcement of Newly Approved National Standards 2009 No. (No. 152 overall) 12
Proposing organization Ministry of Machinery Industry of the People Republic of China
Issuing agency(ies) National Bureau of Standards


GB/T 7216-2023 GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 77.080.10 CCS J 31 Replacing GB/T 7216-2009 Metallographic test for grey cast iron (ISO 945-1:2019, Microstructure of cast irons - Part 1: Graphite classification by visual analysis, MOD) ISSUED ON: MAY 23, 2023 IMPLEMENTED ON: MAY 23, 2023 Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation. Standardization Administration of PRC. Table of Contents Foreword ... 3 1 Scope ... 6 2 Normative references ... 6 3 Terms and definitions ... 6 4 Specimen preparation ... 6 5 Inspection items and rating chart ... 7 6 Result representation ... 22 7 Test report ... 23 Appendix A (Informative) Comparison of clause number between this document and ISO 945-1:2019 ... 24 Appendix B (Informative) Technical differences between this document and ISO 945- 1:2019 and their reasons ... 25 Appendix C (Informative) Example of typical flake graphite distribution morphology ... 27 Appendix D (Informative) Graphite type identification by image analysis ... 29 Appendix E (Informative) Phosphorus eutectic type ... 30 Foreword This document was drafted in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Directives for standardization - Part 1: Rules for the structure and drafting of standardizing documents". This document replaces GB/T 7216-2009 "Metallographic test for gray cast iron". Compared with GB/T 7216-2009, in addition to structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows: a) CHANGE the scope of application of the standard (see Chapter 1; Chapter 1 of the 2009 edition); b) ADD the terms and definitions (see Chapter 3); c) CHANGE the graphite distribution chart (see Figure 1; Figure 1 ~ Figure 6 of the 2009 edition); d) CHANGE the graphite length measurement method (see 5.2.2; 4.2.1 of the 2009 edition); e) CHANGE the graphite length grade reference chart (see Figure 2; Figure 7 ~ Figure 14 of the 2009 edition); f) ADD the calculation method of graphite content (see 5.3); g) CHANGE the pearlite content chart (see Figure 3; Figure 15 ~ Figure 22 of the 2009 edition); h) CHANGE the carbide content chart (see Figure 4; Figure 23 ~ Figure 28 of the 2009 edition); i) CHANGE the phosphorus eutectic content chart (see Figure 5; Figure 29 ~ Figure 34 of the 2009 edition); j) CHANGE the magnification for detecting the number of eutectic clusters (see 5.7.1; 4.6.1 of the 2009 edition); k) CHANGE the diameter of the 50x magnification photo of the eutectic cluster (see Table 6; Table 6 of the 2009 edition); l) CHANGE the eutectic cluster number chart (see Figure 6 ~ Figure 13; Figure 35 ~ Figure 42 of the 2009 edition); m) CHANGE the expression method of graphite shape and length (see 6.1 and 6.2; 5.1 and 5.2 of the 2009 edition); Metallographic test for grey cast iron 1 Scope This document specifies the preparation of specimens, inspection items and rating charts, result representation, test reports for metallographic examination of gray cast iron. This document is applicable to the evaluation of the microstructure of gray cast iron. 2 Normative references The contents of the following documents constitute essential provisions of this document through normative references in the text. Among them, for dated reference documents, only the version corresponding to the date applies to this document; for undated reference documents, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document. GB/T 5611 Foundry terminology GB/T 13298 Inspection methods of microstructure for metals 3 Terms and definitions The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 5611, as well as the following terms and definitions, apply to this document. 3.1 Graphite length The maximum straight-line distance between any two points on the graphite sheet outline. 4 Specimen preparation 4.1 Metallographic specimens shall be taken from the test block or casting; the detection surface shall avoid the casting surface. 4.2 Metallographic specimens are prepared in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 13298. During the process of intercepting and preparing metallographic specimens, ......


GB/T 7216-2009 GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 77.140.80 J 31 Replacing GB/T 7216-1987 Metallographic test for gray cast iron (ISO 945-1.2008 Microstructure of cast irons - Part 1. Graphite classification by visual analysis, MOD) ISSUED ON. OCTOBER 30, 2009 IMPLEMENTED ON. APRIL 1, 2010 Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine; Standardization Administration Committee. Table of Contents Foreword ... 3  1 Scope ... 5  2 Normative references ... 5  3 Sample preparation ... 5  4 Inspection items and evaluation figures ... 6  5 Result representation ... 22  6 Test report ... 22  Appendix A ... 24  Foreword This Standard is modified on the basis of adopting ISO 945-1.2008 “Microstructure of cast irons - Part 1. Graphite classification by visual analysis”. Compared with ISO 945-1.2008, the technical differences are as follows. - Modify and adopt the I-type graphite of ISO 945-1.2008, and make editorial changes in structure; - Add F-type graphite distribution shape to replace C’-type in Appendix B of ISO 945-1.2008; - Add instructions on F-type in instructions on graphite distribution shapes; - Add determination methods of pearlite number, carbide number, phosphorus eutectic number, and eutectic number as well as corresponding evaluation figures. This Standard replaces GB/T 7216-1987 “Gray cast iron metallography”. Compared with GB/T 7216-1987, main technical changes are as follows. - Change the name of the standard to “Metallographic test for gray cast iron”; - Delete item “Name” in Table 2 of previous standard; add item “Graphite’s actual length”; the graphite’s length picture is replaced by I-type graphite’s length picture of ISO 945-1.2008; - Add result representation; - Add test report; - Replace C-type graphite’s picture; - Delete inspection item “pearlite spacing”; - Delete “matrix structure characteristics”; - Delete “carbide distribution shape”; - Delete “phosphide eutectic distribution shape”; Metallographic test for gray cast iron 1 Scope This Standard specifies the evaluation method of gray cast iron microstructure under optical microscope. This Standard makes provisions in pearlite number, carbide number, phosphorus eutectic number, and eutectic number. It also lists corresponding evaluation figures. This Standard is applicable to the microstructure that is used to evaluate ordinary and low-alloy gray cast irons. 2 Normative references The following standards contain the provisions which, through reference in this Standard, constitute the provisions of this Standard. For dated references, the subsequent amendments (excluding corrections) or revisions do not apply to this Standard. However, the parties who enter into agreement based on this Standard are encouraged to investigate whether the latest versions of these documents are applicable. For undated reference documents, the latest versions apply to this Standard. GB/T 9439 Grey Iron Castings GB/T 13298 Metal - Inspection Method of Microstructure 3 Sample preparation 3.1 Metallographic sample shall be extracted on the test block or casting that is casted and heat-treated in same furnace with the casting, according to the provisions in GB/T 9439. 3.2 Preparation of metallographic sample shall be conducted according to the provisions in GB/T 13298. During the process of metallographic sample extracting and preparing, it shall prevent structural changes, graphite flake or graphite trailing. The sample surface shall be smooth. Huge scratches are not allowed. 4 Inspection items and evaluation figures 4.1 Graphite distribution shape 4.1.1 Inspect graphite distribution shape under polishing state. Firstly observe the whole plane under inspection. Evaluate it according to most of graphite field distribution shapes and compare with corresponding evaluation figures. Magnification is 100 times. 4.1.2 If there are different shapes of graphite in a same sample, it shall observe and estimate the percentage of each shape of graphite and successively indicate it in report. 4.1.3 There are 6 graphite distribution shapes, as shown in Table 1. Table 1 Graphite type Instruction Figure No. A Flake graphite is evenly and non-directionally distributed. 1 B Flake and small curly graphite gather and are distributed like a daisy. 2 C New-born, huge and straight flake graphite. 3a D Small and curly flake graphite is non-directionally distributed in dendrite. 4 E Flake graphite is directionally distributed in secondary branch of dendrite. 5 F New-born star (or spider-like) graphite. 6c a If there are only huge and straight flake graphite, it shall be C-type graphite. b If it is only directionally distributed in secondary branch of dendrite, it shall be E-type graphite. c If there are only new-born star (or spider-like) graphite, it shall be F-type graphite. Appendix A (Informative) Phosphorus eutectic type A.1 According to its composition, phosphorus eutectic can be divided into four types. binary phosphorus eutectic, ternary phosphorus eutectic, binary phosphorus eutectic carbide composite and ternary phosphorus eutectic carbide composite. A.2 The sample in polishing state is eroded by 2%~5% nital and observed in 500 times of magnification. Phosphorus eutectic’s types and topographies are shown in Table A.1, Figure A.1 ~ A.4. Table A.1 Phosphorus eutectic type Type Structure and characteristics Figure No. Binary phosphorus eutectic Granules of austenite grain decomposition product are evenly distributed on iron phosphide. A.1 Ternary phosphorus eutectic Granules of austenite grain decomposition product, granular and strip carbonizations are evenly distributed on iron phosphide. A.2 Binary phosphorus eutectic carbide composite Binary phosphorus eutectic and huge blocky carbides. A.3 Ternary phosphorus eutectic carbide composite Ternary phosphorus eutectic and huge blocky carbides. A.4 ......

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