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GB/T 51424-2022: Standard for the design of greenhouse structure
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Standard for the design of greenhouse structure
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GB/T 51424-2022
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 51424-2022 (GB/T51424-2022) | | Description (Translated English) | Standard for the design of greenhouse structure | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | B00 | | Classification of International Standard | 65.040 | | Word Count Estimation | 92,982 | | Date of Issue | 2022-01-05 | | Date of Implementation | 2022-05-01 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China; State Administration for Market Regulation | | Summary | This standard is applicable to the main structure design of plastic greenhouses, solar greenhouses and multi-span greenhouses for agricultural planting whose main structure is light steel structure and the design of the enclosure structure of glass greenhouses. This standard does not apply to the structural design of plastic greenhouses and solar greenhouses that are not light steel structures such as bamboo, suspension cables and reinforced concrete structures. | GB/T 51424-2022: Standard for the design of greenhouse structure---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
1 General
1.0.1 This standard is formulated to standardize the structural design of agricultural greenhouses, achieve safety and applicability, advanced technology, economical rationality, and quality assurance.
1.0.2 This standard is applicable to the design of the main structure of plastic greenhouses for agricultural planting, solar greenhouses and multi-span greenhouses and the enclosure structure design of glass greenhouses whose main structure is light steel structure. This standard does not apply to the structural design of plastic greenhouses and solar greenhouses with non-light steel structures such as bamboo and wood, suspension cables and reinforced concrete structures.
1.0.3 In the greenhouse structure design drawings and design documents, the design service life of the greenhouse, the grade and quality grade of steel and other materials, supply conditions, and the type or steel grade of the connecting materials should be indicated. When necessary, additional guarantee contents such as steel mechanical properties and chemical composition should be indicated.
1.0.4 The strength and stability calculation of masonry walls shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the current national standard "Code for Design of Masonry Structures" GB 50003,
1.0.5 The foundation design shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the current industry standard "Code for Design, Construction and Acceptance of Greenhouse Foundation" NY/T1145.
1.0.6 In addition to conforming to this standard, the structural design of agricultural greenhouses shall also comply with the current relevant national standards.
2 Terminology and symbols
2.1 Terminology
2.1.1 Greenhouse
It uses light-transmitting covering materials as all or part of the enclosure structure, and has certain environmental control equipment, which is used to resist adverse weather conditions and ensure the normal growth and development of crops. According to the building form, it can be divided into plastic greenhouses, solar greenhouses and multi-span greenhouses.
2.1.2 Plastic tunnel
The single-arch plastic shed that can be used by farming machinery or planters without lifting the plastic film or removing the arch frame.
2.1.3 Chinese solar greenhouse
It is a single-roof greenhouse that makes full use of solar energy and covers the outside of the daylighting roof with thermal insulation materials at night to keep crops overwintering.
2.1.4 Multi-span greenhouse gutter connected greenhouse
A greenhouse with two or more spans connected by a gutter.
2.2 Symbols
2.2.1 Action and calculated value of action effect.
Rd——the design value of the bearing capacity of the structural member;
Sa——the design value of load effect combination;
ω—design value of wind load;
ωk——wind load standard value.
2.2.2 Calculation indicators.
E - elastic modulus of the material;
Es—compression modulus of foundation soil.
2.2.3 Geometric parameters.
2.2.4 Calculation coefficient and others.
3 materials
3.1 Concrete and masonry materials
3.1.1 Concrete materials shall comply with the provisions of the current national standard "Code for Design of Concrete Structures" GB 50010.
3.1.2 Masonry materials shall comply with the provisions of the current national standard "Code for Design of Masonry Structures" GB 50003.
3.1.3 The steel bars in the concrete structure shall comply with the provisions of the current national standard "Code for Design of Concrete Structures" GB 50010.
3.2 Steel products, welding consumables and fasteners
3.2.1 The steel used for the greenhouse king body structure should be Q235B steel and Q355B steel, and Q195, Q215 and Q235A steel can be used when there is reliable evidence. High-strength structural steel" GB/T 1591.
3.2.2 Welding materials should meet the following requirements.
1 Manual welding electrodes shall comply with the provisions of the current national standard "Non-alloy Steel and Fine Grain Steel Electrodes" GB/T 5117.The type of electrode should be compatible with the strength of the steel.
2 Automatic welding wire shall comply with the current national standards "Steel Wire for Fusion Welding" GB/T 14957, "Solid Wire for Non-alloy Steel and Fine Grain Steel for Metal Arc Welding" GB/T 8110, "Non-Alloy Steel and Fine Grain Steel Wire" Steel flux-cored welding wire" GB/T 10045 and "Heat-strength steel flux-cored welding wire" GB/T 17493.
3 Submerged arc welding wire and flux shall meet the current national standards "Classification Requirements for Submerged Arc Welding Non-alloy Steel and Fine Grain Steel Solid Wire, Flux-Cored Wire and Wire-Flux Combination" Classification requirements for steel solid welding wire, flux-cored welding wire and welding wire-flux combination" GB/T 12470.Welding wire and flux should be compatible with the strength of the main metal.
4 When welding Q235B steel and Q355B steel, it is advisable to use welding rods or wires compatible with Q235B steel.
3.2.3 Fasteners used for steel structure connections shall meet the following requirements.
1 Ordinary bolts should be made of steel with reliable surface treatment such as hot-dip galvanized layer and zinc-chromium coating, and stainless steel can also be used. Ordinary bolts should meet the current national standards "Mechanical Properties of Fasteners Bolts, Screws and Studs" GB/T 3098.1, "Mechanical Properties of Fasteners Nuts" GB/T 3098.2, "Mechanical Properties of Fasteners Stainless Steel Bolts, Screws and Studs" GB/T 3098.6, "Mechanical Properties of Fasteners Stainless Steel Nuts" GB/T 3098.15, "Hexagon Head Bolts Grade C" GB/T 5780, "Hexagon Head Bolts Full Thread Grade C" GB/T 5781, " Hexagon head bolts" GB /Work 5782 and "Hexagon head bolts full thread" GB/T 5783.
2 Self-drilling and self-tapping screws connecting thin steel plates or other metal plates shall comply with the current national standards "Self-drilling and self-tapping screws" GB T15856.1~GB T15856.5 and "Mechanical properties of fasteners self-drilling and self-tapping screws" GB/T 3098, plus regulations.
3.3 Aluminum alloy profile and glass
3.3.1 Aluminum alloy profiles for greenhouses should use 6××× series aluminum alloys, and the alloy grades, supply status, chemical composition, and mechanical properties of the profiles should comply with the current national standard "Aluminum Aluminum Building Profiles Part 1.Base Materials" GB 5237.1 Provisions.
3.3.2 The glass selected for the greenhouse should comply with the current industry standard "Technical Regulations for Application of Architectural Glass" JGJ 113.
3.4 Design Index
3.4.1 The design value of steel strength shall be adopted according to Table 3.4.1.
3.4.2 The design value of weld strength shall be adopted according to Table 3.4.2
3.4.3 The design value of the connection strength of steel bolts shall comply with the requirements in Table 3.4.3.When the bolt penetrates the hollow member, the strength design value shall be multiplied by the reduction factor of 0.7.
3.4.4 The design value of the strength of the aluminum alloy material shall comply with the provisions of the current national standard "Code for Design of Aluminum Alloy Structures" GB 50429.
3.4.5 The design value of glass strength shall comply with the requirements in Table 3.4.5.
3.5 Physical performance indicators of commonly used materials in greenhouses
3.5.1 The physical performance indicators of commonly used greenhouse materials shall comply with the provisions in Table 3.5.1.
3.5.2 The cross-sectional properties of commonly used components in greenhouses can be adopted in accordance with Appendix A of this standard, and the approximate calculation formula for wearing surface characteristics of commonly used components in greenhouses can be adopted in accordance with Appendix B of this standard.
4 basic rules
4.1 Design principles
4.1.1 This standard adopts the limit state design method based on the probability theory, and calculates with the partial coefficient design expression.
4.1.2 In addition to non-agricultural production greenhouses used for sightseeing, picking or exhibitions, the structural design of glass greenhouses for agricultural production in areas with an earthquake resistance intensity of 8 degrees (0.30g) and above shall calculate the earthquake effect.
4.1.3 The main structure of the greenhouse should be designed according to the limit state of bearing capacity, and when the design service life is 20a, it should still be designed according to the limit state of normal use.
4.1.4 When the structural components are designed according to the limit state of bearing capacity, the basic combination of load effects shall be adopted in accordance with the current national standard "Code for Loading of Agricultural Greenhouse Structures" GB/T 51183, and shall be calculated according to the following formula.
4.1.5 When the structural components are designed according to the limit state of normal service, the standard combination of load effects should be used to calculate the deformation according to the current national standard "Code for Loading of Agricultural Greenhouse Structures" GB/T 51183, and it should comply with Section 4.4 of this standard Provisions.
4.1.6 When the width-to-thickness ratio of the section of the structural member meets the limits stipulated in Table 4.3.3 of this standard, the strength of the structural member can be calculated based on the net area, and the stability and deformation can be calculated based on the gross section.
4.2 Load action
4.2.1 Permanent loads, live loads, crop loads, wind loads, snow loads, etc., shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of the current national standard "Code for Agricultural Greenhouse Structural Loads" GB/T 51183.For loads not specified in the current national standard "Code for Agricultural Greenhouse Structure Loads" GB/T 51183, the values should be taken according to the actual load.
4.2.2 When wind loads participate in the combination of loads, the design value of component strength can be taken as the value of material yield strength.
4.2.3 The mobile equipment load should be calculated according to the most unfavorable load generated by the different positions of the mobile equipment.
4.2.4 The supporting curtain line, curtain pressing line, steel cable driving line of curtain pulling machine, horizontal support line of irrigation system, and secondary and tertiary hanging vine lines for hanging crops are fixed at the ends The minimum horizontal force at the point should be adopted according to the current national standard "Code for Agricultural Greenhouse Structural Loads" GB/T 51183, and the strength, stability and deformation of the corresponding force-bearing components of the greenhouse should be calculated according to different action positions.
4.3 Construction requirements
4.3.1 The wall thickness of the steel structural members of the greenhouse shall meet the following requirements.
1 The wall thickness of the main load-bearing components should not be less than Y.5mm;
2 For the cold bay thin-walled section steel used for roof and wall purlins, the wall thickness should not be less than 1.5mm.
3 When the steel plate gutter is used as a stress member, the wall thickness should not be less than 2.0mm; when it is not used as a stress member, the wall thickness should not be less than 1.5mm;
4 For supporting components, the wall thickness should not be less than 1.5mm;
5 The quality grade of steel plate thickness should not be lower than B grade.
4.3.2 The slenderness ratio of greenhouse steel structure components shall meet the following requirements.
1 The slenderness ratio of compression members should not be greater than those specified in Table 4.3.2-1.
2 The slenderness ratio of tension members should not be greater than the specifications in Table 4.3.2-2.Tensioned round steel or steel cables are not subject to this restriction.
4.3.3 The width-to-thickness ratio of compression members should not be greater than those specified in Table 4.3.3.
4.3.4 There should be reliable anti-corrosion measures for the steel structure components of the greenhouse. When hot-dip galvanizing is used, the quality of galvanizing shall comply with the provisions of the current national standard "Technical Requirements and Test Methods for Hot-Dip Galvanized Coatings of Iron and Steel Parts with Metal Coverings" GB/T 13912.
4.4 Deformation regulations
4.4.1 The horizontal displacement of the column top of the greenhouse should not exceed the requirements in Table 4.4.1.
4.4.2 The deflection of bending steel members should not be greater than the specifications in Table 4.4.2, and should still meet the requirements for the deformation of the greenhouse structure by the mobile equipment in the greenhouse.
4.4.3 When the aluminum alloy profile is used as a glass support frame; the deflection limit shall comply with the provisions of Article 8.3.3 of this standard
4.4.4 The multi-span greenhouse trusses should be arched, and the arch can be 1/500 of the span.
5 Structural Form and Arrangement
5.1 Structural form
5.1.1 Greenhouses can be divided into plastic greenhouses, solar greenhouses and multi-span greenhouses according to their architectural forms.
5.1.2 Plastic greenhouses (Figure 5.1.2) can be divided into plastic greenhouses with columns and without columns according to whether there are columns in the room, and plastic greenhouses with shoulders and floor-standing plastic greenhouses according to their shapes.
5.1.3 The solar greenhouse (Figure 5.1.3) can be divided into column and column-free according to whether there are columns in the room, and the solar greenhouse can be divided into single-glass roof and double-slope roof solar greenhouse according to the roof form. Yin-yang solar greenhouses can be classified according to different houses.
5.1.4 Multi-span greenhouses (Fig. 5.1.4) can be divided into Venlo type, circular arch, sawtooth type, triangular roof truss and portal frame according to the roof form.
5.2 Structural arrangement
5.2.1 The spacing between the deformation joints of the greenhouse structure shall be determined according to the following factors.
1 The longitudinal temperature section of multi-span greenhouses should not be greater than 300m; the horizontal temperature section should not be greater than 150m; when the rear wall of the solar greenhouse is made of brick, the temperature section should not be greater than 100m;
2 When the soil types of the greenhouse construction site are different and the bearing capacity is greatly different, the deformation joints should be set according to the geological conditions;
3 When the height difference between adjacent positions of the greenhouse is 2.0m or more or when different building forms are adopted, deformation joints shall be set at the structural changes;
4 The width of the deformation joint should not be less than 100mm.
5.2.2 The layout of roof and wall purlins should be determined according to the installation requirements of roof and wall covering materials and equipment size and other factors.
5.3 Support arrangement
5.3.1 The supporting arrangement of plastic greenhouses shall meet the following requirements.
1 The longitudinal tie rods shall not be less than 3, and the spacing shall not be greater than 2m;
2 When the length of the plastic greenhouse is not greater than 50m, diagonal braces should be installed in the 3 to 5 bays starting from the first bay at the gable end; when the length is greater than 50m, a set of diagonal braces should be added in the middle of the plastic greenhouse. The included angle should not be less than 25°.
5.3.2 The supporting arrangement of the solar greenhouse shall meet the following requirements.
1 The spacing between longitudinal tie rods should not be greater than 2m, and longitudinal tie rods should be set at the roof ridge;
2 When the rear wall adopts steel frame structure and is in the form of non-frame, diagonal braces shall be arranged at both ends, and the spacing between diagonal braces should not be greater than 50m;
3 When the gable walls at both ends adopt brick walls or earth walls and the longitudinal tie rods are not reliably connected to the gable walls, diagonal braces shall be arranged at the longitudinal ends of the greenhouse roof structure, and the spacing between the diagonal braces should not be greater than 50m.
5.3.3 Multi-span greenhouse support may include indoor column support, side wall support, gable support, column top horizontal support, roof horizontal support, roof vertical support and external shading structure support, etc.
5.3.4 The supporting arrangement of multi-span greenhouses shall meet the following requirements;
1.For the greenhouses built in partitions or phases, support systems that can independently form a space-stable structure should be set up;
2 The units on both sides of the deformation joint shall be respectively provided with supporting systems that can independently form a space-stable structure;
3 The indoor column support, side wall support, roof horizontal support and column top horizontal support should be arranged in the same bay;
4 The angle between the support and components of multi-span greenhouse should be 35°~55°
5.3.5 The support arrangement between columns in multi-span greenhouses shall meet the following requirements.
1 The spacing between indoor columns should not be greater than 50m;
2.The indoor column support should be installed in the first or second bay at the end. If it cannot be installed in the same bay, reliable internal force transmission components should be installed, and it is not suitable to stagger more than two bays;
3 The foundation at the support position between indoor columns or the lower ends of columns should be connected to each other, and the connecting rods should be designed as rigid tie rods;
4 The inter-column support in the room should be in the form of a cross. When the form of a cross is not allowed, other forms of support can be provided or the form of a rigid frame can be used.
5.3.6 The side wall support and gable support layout of multi-span greenhouses shall meet the following requirements.
1 The spacing between side wall supports should not be greater than 50m;
2 When the gable columns are not connected by trusses, gable supports shall be arranged at both ends, and the layout spacing should not be greater than 80m;
3 When the plane layout of multi-span greenhouses is irregular in shape such as convex-concave shape and ladder shape, the side wall support and gable wall support of different side wall walls and gable wall surfaces shall be set separately.
5.3.7 The arrangement of the horizontal support on the column top and the horizontal support on the roof shall meet the following requirements;
1 The horizontal support of the column top and the horizontal support of the roof should be set up for the Venlo-type multi-span glass greenhouse, and the horizontal support of the column top should be set for the Venlo-type multi-span polycarbonate greenhouse, and the horizontal support of the roof should be set;
2 For other multi-span greenhouses, the horizontal support of the roof shall be set, and the horizontal support of the column top should be set.
5.3.8 The arrangement of vertical supports on the roof shall meet the following requirements.
1 When the span of the greenhouse in the form of round arch, zigzag, triangular roof truss, etc. is not less than 7.5m, the vertical support of the roof should be set;
2 The vertical support of the roof should be set in the same bay as the horizontal support of the roof;
3 When the vertical support of the roof is set at the two ends of the greenhouse or the second bay at both ends of the temperature deformation joint section, the lower chord longitudinal tie rod of the first bay at the end shall be a rigid tie rod.
5.3.9 The supporting arrangement of the external sunshade structure shall meet the following requirements;
1 The vertical and horizontal columns between the outer sunshade columns should be provided with inter-column supports;
2.When the lateral spacing of the outer sunshade columns is not less than 7.5m, the horizontal support of the column tops shall be set;
3 The longitudinal inter-column support and horizontal support of the external sunshade structure shall be arranged in the first bay or the second bay at the two ends of the greenhouse or the two ends of the deformation joint section, and the layout spacing should not be greater than 60m.
6 Structural Calculation
6.1 Calculation of internal force of greenhouse structure
6.1.1 The internal force and displacement of the greenhouse structure can be calculated according to the first-order elastic analysis method.
6.1.2 The greenhouse structure with regular layout can be analyzed according to the plane model. When the plane layout is irregular, spatial model analysis should be adopted,
6.1.3 When the first-order elastic analysis is adopted for the greenhouse structure, the calculated length of the components shall be determined according to the structural elastic stability theory. The calculated length of members shall be calculated according to the provisions in Section 6.2 of this standard.
6.2 Calculated length of member
6.2.1 The calculated length of plastic ceiling components shall meet the following requirements.
2 The in-plane and out-of-plane calculation lengths of Venlo-type greenhouse truss webs can be taken as geometric lengths; the in-plane calculation lengths of chords can be taken as the distance between the centers of chord nodes; prescribed calculations;
1) When there are two spiers in one span, the out-of-plane calculation length of the upper chord of the truss can be calculated by the following formula.
2) When there are 3 or 4 peaks in a span, the out-of-plane calculation length of the upper chord of the truss can be calculated by the following formula.
3) When the lower chord of the Venlo-type greenhouse truss has measures to prevent out-of-plane displacement, the calculated length outside the plane of the upper and lower chords can be obtained; when the lower chord has no measures to prevent out-of-plane displacement, the calculated length outside the plane of the lower chord can be taken as the plane of the upper chord Twice the length of the outer calculation.
3 The calculated length of the type I triangular roof truss members can be determined according to the provisions of the current national standard "Steel Structure Design Standard" GB 50017.When determining the slenderness ratio of roof truss chords and webs, it calculates the length l. It should be adopted according to Table 6.2.5.
4 The in-plane calculation length of the upper and lower chords of the truss of type II triangular roof truss can be taken as the distance between the nodes of the chords; Its geometric length can be taken, the calculated length in the plane of the horizontal tie rod can be taken as the distance between the joints of the tie rod, the calculated length outside the plane can be taken as the distance between the lateral support points; the calculated length of the vertical bar in the plane and outside the plane can be taken as the geometry of the rod length.
5 The calculated length of type I and type III arched greenhouse roof components can be determined according to type I triangular roof truss.
6 As for the arch rod of type II circular arched greenhouse, the in-plane calculation length of the arch rod can be 1/3 of its axis length; the out-of-plane calculation length can be taken as the distance between the longitudinal support points.
7 The calculated length of zigzag roof components can be determined according to the I-shaped triangular roof truss.
7 Component calculation and connection construction
7.1 Component calculation
7.1.1 The strength and stability calculation of cold-formed thin-walled steel members shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the current national standard "Technical Specifications for Cold-formed Thin-walled Steel Structures" GB 50018.
7.1.2 The calculation of aluminum alloy components shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the current national standard "Code for Design of Aluminum Alloy Structures" GB 50429.
7.2 Connection structure
7.2.1 The connection structure of steel structure shall meet the following requirements.
1 The center distance of bolts shall not be less than 3d0, the end distance shall not be less than 2d0, and the side distance shall not be less than 1.50d0 (Figure 7.2.1). The bolt hole edge distance near the edge of the bend should still meet the operating space requirements for fastening tools;
2 When the hollow member is connected with other members through bolt pairs, strengthening measures shall be taken;
3 When the open-type members are connected through bolt pairs, strengthening measures such as adding lining pipes to prevent changes in the cross-sectional shape shall be taken;
4 When the greenhouse has reliable heating and adopts the inner cavity of the column for drainage, measures should be taken to strengthen the water outlet of the column.
7.2.2 The connection structure of aluminum alloy shall be implemented according to the current national standard "Code for Design of Aluminum Alloy Structure" GB 50429.
7.2.3 Plastic greenhouses and solar greenhouse arches and longitudinal tie rods, groups...
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