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GB/T 44131-2024 English PDF

GB/T 44131-2024_English: PDF (GB/T44131-2024)
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GB/T 44131-2024English275 Add to Cart 0--9 seconds. Auto-delivery Post-crash safety requirement for fuel cell electric vehicle Valid GB/T 44131-2024


BASIC DATA
Standard ID GB/T 44131-2024 (GB/T44131-2024)
Description (Translated English) Post-crash safety requirement for fuel cell electric vehicle
Sector / Industry National Standard (Recommended)
Classification of Chinese Standard T09
Word Count Estimation 18,179
Date of Issue 2024-05-28
Date of Implementation 2024-05-28
Administrative Organization Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China
Proposing organization Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China
Issuing agency(ies) State Administration for Market Regulation, National Standardization Administration


GB/T44131-2024 GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 43.020 CCS T 09 GB/T 44131-2024 Post-crash safety requirement for fuel cell electric vehicle ISSUED ON. MAY 28, 2024 IMPLEMENTED ON. MAY 28, 2024 Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Table of Contents Foreword... 3 1 Scope... 4 2 Normative references... 4 3 Terms and definitions... 5 4 Measurement parameters, units, accuracy and resolution... 6 5 Safety requirements... 6 6 Test procedures... 9 7 Test methods... 10 Annex A (informative) Verification procedure of pressure and temperature sensors.. 19 Bibliography... 21 Post-crash safety requirement for fuel cell electric vehicle 1 Scope This document specifies the special post-crash safety requirements for fuel cell electric vehicles and describes the corresponding test methods. This document applies to M and N fuel cell electric vehicles that use compressed gaseous hydrogen and the nominal working pressure of the on-board hydrogen system does not exceed 70 MPa. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB 11551 The protection of the occupants in the event of a frontal collision for motor vehicle GB/T 15089 Classification of power-driven vehicles and trailers GB 17578 Requirements and test methods of strength for the superstructure of bus GB/T 18385 Battery electric vehicles - Power performance - Test method GB/T 19596 Terminology of electric vehicles GB 20071 The protection of the occupants in the event of a lateral collision GB 20072 The requirements of fuel system safety in the event of rear-end collision for passenger car GB/T 24548 Fuel cell electric vehicles - Terminology GB/T 24549-2020 Fuel cell electric vehicles - Safety requirements GB 26512-2021 The protection of the occupants of the cab of commercial vehicles GB/T 26990 Fuel cell electric vehicles - Onboard hydrogen system technical specifications GB/T 31498-2021 Post crash safety requirement for electric vehicle GB 38032-2020 Electric buses safety requirements ISO 6487.2015 Road vehicles - Measurement techniques in impact tests - Instrumentation 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T 19596, GB/T 24548, GB/T 24549-2020, GB/T 26990, GB/T 15089 and the following apply to this document. 3.1 main shut-off valve A valve used to shut off the supply of hydrogen from the hydrogen storage cylinder to the downstream. [Source. GB/T 24549-2020, 3.1, modified] 3.2 enclosed or semi-enclosed spaces Spaces in the vehicle that may be exposed to hydrogen storage cylinders and environmental spaces and areas where hydrogen may accumulate. NOTE. The passenger compartment, luggage compartment, cargo compartment, or space under the front hatch are all enclosed or semi-enclosed spaces. [Source. GB/T 24549-2020, 3.4, modified] 3.3 nominal working pressure; NWP At the reference temperature (15 °C), the limit filling pressure when the gas pressure in the hydrogen storage cylinder reaches full stability. [Source. GB/T 24549-2020, 3.5, modified] 3.4 compressed hydrogen storage system; CHSS A device for storing hydrogen in a fuel cell vehicle, consisting of a hydrogen storage cylinder (set), a safety pressure relief device, and a closing device for isolating the stored hydrogen from the rest of the fuel system and its environment. NOTE. See the thick solid line in Figure 1. 5.1.2.1 The installation requirements for CHSS of M2, M3, N2 and N3 vehicles are as follows. a) The main shut-off valve of CHSS is located behind the vertical plane 420 mm backward from the frontmost end of the vehicle, and the hydrogen storage cylinder shall not be located at the outermost part of the vehicle. b) The main shut-off valve of CHSS is located between the vertical planes 200 mm inward from the outermost end of the vehicle body on both sides, and the hydrogen storage cylinder shall not be located at the outermost part of the vehicle. If the position of the CHSS does not meet this requirement, a side impact test shall be conducted in accordance with 6.2.5, and the vehicle shall meet the requirements of 5.2.1 and 5.2.3 after the test. c) The main shut-off valve of CHSS is located in front of the vertical plane 300 mm forward from the rearmost end of the vehicle, and the hydrogen storage cylinder shall not be located at the outermost part of the vehicle. If the position of the CHSS does not meet this requirement, a rear-end collision test shall be conducted in accordance with 6.2.5, and the vehicle shall meet the requirements of 5.2.1 and 5.2.3 after the test. NOTE. The frontmost and outermost parts do not contain external vision devices. 5.1.2.2 The CHSS of M2, M3, N2 and N3 vehicles shall meet the requirements of 5.2.3 after completing the sled test in accordance with 6.2.4. 5.1.2.3 M2 and M3 vehicles of which the lowest point of the rechargeable energy storage system (REESS) is no more than 1 m above the ground when unloaded shall meet the requirements of 5.3, 5.4.1 and 5.4.2 after the collision test in accordance with 5.5.1 of GB 38032-2020. 5.1.2.4 M2 and M3 vehicles that meet the scope of GB 17578 shall meet the requirements of 5.3, 5.4.1 and 5.4.2 after the upper structure strength test in accordance with 5.5.2 of GB 38032-2020. 5.2 Post-crash safety requirements for CHSS 5.2.1 Fuel leakage limit of CHSS According to the test method specified in 7.1, within the leakage test time Δt, the sum of the average hydrogen leakage rates of all hydrogen storage cylinders shall not exceed 118 L/min (standard state). NOTE. Δt is a calculated value, which is calculated either according to formula (2) or formula (10), depending on the medium filled in the hydrogen storage cylinder during the test. 5.2.2 Concentration limit in closed or semi-closed spaces REESS shall meet the requirements of 4.4 of GB/T 31498-2021. 5.4.3 Special safety requirements for hydrogen system Within the leakage test time, Δt, after the collision, the CHSS and fuel cell engine shall not catch fire or explode. 6 Test procedures 6.1 Vehicle preparation before test 6.1.1 For externally rechargeable fuel cell electric vehicles, the REESS shall be fully charged according to the method specified in GB/T 18385 and tested within 24 hours. 6.1.2 For non-externally rechargeable fuel cell electric vehicles, the REESS shall be prepared for test in normal operating conditions. 6.1.3 The manufacturer shall install pressure and temperature measuring equipment that meets the requirements of Table 1 on the CHSS and provide a metrological certificate. Before the test, the testing agency may refer to Annex A for verification and prepare for the post-crash fuel leakage test in accordance with 7.1.1. 6.1.4 The gas concentration test in closed or semi-closed spaces shall be prepared in accordance with 7.2. 6.1.5 For frontal collision, lateral collision and rear-end collision tests, preparations shall be made in accordance with the test methods specified in GB 11551, GB 20071 and GB 20072, respectively. 6.1.6 The sled test shall be prepared in accordance with 7.3.1 and 7.3.2. 6.2 Collision test 6.2.1 The form and test method for the frontal collision test of the vehicle shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB 11551. 6.2.2 The form and test method for the lateral collision test of the vehicle shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB 20071. 6.2.3 The form and method for the rear-end collision test of the vehicle shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB 20072. 6.2.4 The sled test shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of 7.3. 6.2.5 The lateral collision and rear-end collision tests of the vehicle shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of 7.4. where. VHe - the value of the average volume flow rate of helium in the time interval, in liters per minute (L/min). Use formula (18) to convert the average helium flow rate into the average hydrogen flow rate. 7.1.4 Fuel leakage test when the pressure sensor is located outside the hydrogen storage cylinder 7.1.4.1 After the collision test, the following requirements shall be followed. a) If the main shut-off valve of the hydrogen storage cylinder is not closed after the collision, the fuel leakage rate during the hydrogen filling test shall be calculated according to 7.1.2 or according to 7.1.3; b) If the main shut-off valve of the hydrogen storage cylinder is closed within 5 s after the collision, the hydrogen storage cylinder has no leakage, and the fuel leakage rate of the hydrogen storage cylinder can be regarded as 0 L/min (standard state); c) If the main shut-off valve of the hydrogen storage cylinder is closed within 5 s after the collision, and the hydrogen storage cylinder has leakage, the main shut- off valve of the hydrogen storage cylinder shall be opened (if the pressure sensor value drops significantly, the external pipeline shall be blocked before opening the main shut-off valve of the hydrogen storage cylinder), and calculate the fuel leakage rate during the hydrogen filling test according to 7.1.2 or the helium filling test according to 7.1.3. 7.1.4.2 The sum of the leakage rates of each hydrogen storage cylinder is the fuel leakage rate of CHSS. 7.2 Gas concentration test in enclosed or semi-enclosed spaces after collision 7.2.1 Before collision, the windows, doors or hatches of the passenger compartment, luggage compartment, cargo compartment and other enclosed or semi-enclosed spaces where gas accumulation may occur shall be closed. The gas concentration sensor shall be located in enclosed or semi-enclosed spaces, the specific location is as follows. a) Within 250 mm below the center of the roof above the driver’s seat or the top of the passenger compartment (as close to the roof as possible); b) Within 250 mm above the floor in front of the rear seat (or close to the rear seat) of the passenger compartment (as close to the floor as possible); c) Within 100 mm below the top of the luggage compartment and cargo compartment of the vehicle that are not directly affected by the collision impact (as close to the top as possible); d) For buses and trucks with multiple luggage compartments and cargo compartments, a gas concentration sensor shall be installed in each compartment; e) The specific layout of sensors in other enclosed or semi-enclosed spaces where gas accumulation may occur shall be determined jointly by the testing agency and the manufacturer. 7.2.2 The gas concentration sensor shall be firmly installed and protected to prevent it from being damaged by debris, airbag exhaust gas and projectiles during the collision test. 7.2.3 The full-scale measurement value of the gas concentration sensor shall be at least 25 % greater than the concentration limit, the total measurement error of the gas concentration sensor shall be less than ±5 % at the concentration limit, and the T90 response time of the sensor shall be less than 15 s. NOTE. T90 is the time consumed when the sensor indication changes from 0 to 90 % of the true value of the measured gas concentration in the environment. 7.2.4 Data collection starts after the collision, the sampling frequency shall be not less than 5 Hz, and the measurement time shall be Δt. 7.3 Sled test 7.3.1 Before the test, fill the hydrogen storage cylinder with nitrogen equivalent to the mass of hydrogen at the rated pressure, or the mass of the hydrogen storage cylinder plus the test load equivalent to the mass of hydrogen at the rated pressure can be used instead. 7.3.2 During the test, according to the size structure of the whole vehicle body or part of the vehicle body installed with CHSS (hereinafter referred to as the “test piece”) and the actual installation method of the original vehicle, fix the test piece on the test platform. The installation method shall not strengthen the fixation of CHSS. 7.3.3 The test is completed as follows. a) The acceleration of the sled is measured according to the CFC 60 frequency level characteristics in ISO 6487.2015; 7.4.2.2 The CHSS shall be tested at the installation position on the vehicle, including accessories, brackets and protective structures (if applicable). The CHSS shall be installed on a complete vehicle or frame, and the vehicle or frame shall be fixed in the manner specified in 5.4 of GB 26512-2021. 7.4.2.3 The impactor shall comply with the requirements of 5.5.1 to 5.5.4 of GB 26512- 2021. 7.4.2.4 The collision energy shall be 29.4 kJ. If the test is carried out at a higher collision energy and the CHSS meets the requirements of 5.2.1 and 5.2.3, the test can be considered to meet the requirements. 7.4.2.5 The following requirements shall be followed for lateral collision and rear-end collision tests. - For lateral collision, the collision direction shall be perpendicular to the longitudinal center plane of the vehicle, the impactor shall hit the most unfavorable position on the front side of the CHSS position on the test vehicle, and the center of gravity of the impactor shall correspond to the geometric center of the gas cylinder; - For rear-end collision, the collision direction shall be horizontal and parallel to the longitudinal center plane of the vehicle, the impactor shall hit the most unfavorable position on the rear of the CHSS position on the test vehicle, and the center of gravity of the impactor shall correspond to the geometric center of the gas cylinder. Annex A (informative) Verification procedure of pressure and temperature sensors A.1 Sample vehicle inspection A.1.1 Inspect the measurement certificate of temperature and pressure sensors of the vehicle. A.1.2 Inspect and record the values of the temperature and pressure sensors of all hydrogen storage cylinders in the current state of the vehicle, and the relevant data can be read through the CAN bus. A.2 Accuracy verification of temperature sensor A.2.1 Stand at constant temperature for 24 hours or more. A.2.2 After the standing is completed, record the temperature of each hydrogen storage cylinder on the vehicle and the ambient temperature, record once every 5 minutes, and record 5 times in total. A.2.3 If the absolute value of the difference between the 5 recorded temperatures of the hydrogen storage cylinder is less than 1 ℃, and the difference with the average ambient temperature is less than 1.5 ℃, the temperature sensor meets the requirements. A.3 Accuracy verification of temperature and pressure relationship A.3.1 If the pressure of the hydrogen storage cylinder is less than 20 MPa, fill hydrogen to 25 MPa or above. A.3.2 Move the vehicle to the soaking room and record the temperature and pressure values, T1 and p1, of each hydrogen storage cylinder on the vehicle. A.3.3 Adjust the ambient temperature of the soaking room and set the difference between the ambient temperature and T1 to be greater than 15 ℃. A.3.4 Record the temperature and pressure display values of each hydrogen storage cylinder on the vehicle once every 1 hour, and record 2 times, i.e., T2, p2, T3, p3. A.3.5 Calculate the ratio of the pressure to the product of the temperature and the hydrogen compression factor Z at the three temperature states according to formula (A.1), formula (A.2) and formula (A.3) to obtain the ratio coefficients n1, n2 and n3. ......

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