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GB/T 4162-2022 English PDF (GB/T 4162-2008, GB/T 4162-1991)

GB/T 4162-2022_English: PDF (GB/T4162-2022)
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GB/T 4162-2022English185 Add to Cart 0--9 seconds. Auto-delivery Method for ultrasonic testing of forged and rolled steel bars Valid GB/T 4162-2022
GB/T 4162-2008English70 Add to Cart 0--9 seconds. Auto-delivery Forged and rolled steel bars -- Method for ultrasonic testing Obsolete GB/T 4162-2008
GB/T 4162-1991English239 Add to Cart 2 days [Need to translate] Forged and rolled steel bars--Method for ultrasonic examination Obsolete GB/T 4162-1991


BASIC DATA
Standard ID GB/T 4162-2022 (GB/T4162-2022)
Description (Translated English) Method for ultrasonic testing of forged and rolled steel bars
Sector / Industry National Standard (Recommended)
Classification of Chinese Standard H26
Classification of International Standard 77.040.20
Word Count Estimation 10,122
Date of Issue 2022-04-15
Date of Implementation 2022-11-01
Drafting Organization Baowu Special Metallurgy Co., Ltd., Wuhan Zhongke Innovation Technology Co., Ltd., Zhongke Xiwang Special Steel Co., Ltd., Fushun Special Steel Co., Ltd., Nanjing Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., Metallurgical Industry Information Standards Research Institute, Orivision (Beijing) )Technology Co., Ltd
Administrative Organization National Steel Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 183)
Proposing organization China Iron and Steel Association
Issuing agency(ies) State Administration for Market Regulation, National Standardization Administration

BASIC DATA
Standard ID GB/T 4162-2008 (GB/T4162-2008)
Description (Translated English) Forged and rolled steel bars - Method for ultrasonic testing
Sector / Industry National Standard (Recommended)
Classification of Chinese Standard H26
Classification of International Standard 77.040.20
Word Count Estimation 8,834
Date of Issue 2008-05-13
Date of Implementation 2008-11-01
Older Standard (superseded by this standard) GB/T 4162-1991
Quoted Standard GB/T 9445; GB/T 12604.1; GB/T 18694; GB/T 18852; JB/T 10061
Adopted Standard ASTM E2375-2004, NEQ
Drafting Organization Special Steel Branch, Baoshan Iron & Steel Co.
Administrative Organization National Steel Standardization Technical Committee
Regulation (derived from) National Standard Approval Announcement 2008 No.8 (Total No.121)
Proposing organization China Iron and Steel Association
Issuing agency(ies) Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China; Standardization Administration of China
Summary This standard specifies the wrought steel rods ultrasonic testing requirements, assessment test results, , detection methods and testing procedures quality grade, records and reports. This standard applies to ultrasonic pulse reflection method to detect diameter 12 mm to 250 mm of wrought steel rods, other wrought bars can also be reference. This standard does not apply to coarse-grained austenitic steel bars.

BASIC DATA
Standard ID GB/T 4162-1991 (GB/T4162-1991)
Description (Translated English) Forged and rolled steel bars--Method for ultrasonic examination
Sector / Industry National Standard (Recommended)
Classification of Chinese Standard H26
Classification of International Standard 77.040.20
Word Count Estimation 6,673
Date of Issue 1991/12/13
Date of Implementation 1992/10/1
Older Standard (superseded by this standard) GB 4162-1984
Quoted Standard ZBY 230; GB/T 9445
Regulation (derived from) Announcement of Newly Approved National Standards No. 8, 2008 (No. 121 overall)
Proposing organization Ministry of Metallurgical Industry of the People Republic of China
Issuing agency(ies) State Bureau of Technical Supervision


GB/T 4162-2022 NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 77.040.20 CCS H 26 Replacing GB/T 4162-2008 Method for ultrasonic testing of forged and rolled steel bars ISSUED ON: APRIL 15, 2022 IMPLEMENTED ON: NOVEMBER 01, 2022 Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of PRC. Table of Contents Foreword ... 3  1 Scope ... 5  2 Normative references ... 5  3 Terms and definitions... 6  4 General requirements ... 6  5 Instruments and equipment ... 6  6 Comparative test blocks ... 7  7 Testing procedures ... 10  8 Testing program ... 11  9 Evaluation of testing results ... 13  10 Quality levels ... 15  11 Testing records and testing reports ... 15  References ... 16  Method for ultrasonic testing of forged and rolled steel bars 1 Scope This document specifies the general requirements, instruments and equipment, comparative test blocks, testing procedures, testing program, evaluation of testing results, quality grades, testing records, testing reports, for the ultrasonic testing of forged and rolled steel bars (hereinafter referred to as "steel bars"). This document is applicable to the ultrasonic pulse reflection detection of steel bars, which have a diameter of not less than 6 mm. The forged and rolled bars or non-bars, which have other specifications or materials, may make reference to this standard. This document does not apply to the testing of austenitic coarse-grained steel bars. 2 Normative references The provisions in following documents become the provisions of this Standard through reference in this Standard. For the dated references, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the amendments) is applicable to this standard. GB/T 9445 Non-destructive testing - Qualification and certification of NDT personnel GB/T 12604.1 Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Ultrasonic testing GB/T 18694 Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic inspection - Characterization of search unit and sound field GB/T 18852 Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Reference blocks and test procedures for the characterization of contact probe sound beams JB/T 10061 Commonly used specification for A-mode ultrasonic flaw detector using pulse echo technique JB/T 11731 Non-destructive testing - General specification for ultrasonic phased array probe JJG 746 Verification regulation for ultrasonic flaw detectors 3 Terms and definitions Terms and definitions, which are defined in GB/T 12604.1, apply to this document. 4 General requirements 4.1 Personnel qualifications Personnel, who are engaged in ultrasonic testing of steel bars, shall participate in the training, according to the requirements of GB/T 9445 or corresponding documents, meanwhile obtain the ultrasonic testing qualification certificate. Anyone who issues a test report shall obtain a level 2 or above ultrasonic testing qualification certificate. 4.2 Couplant 4.2.1 The liquid immersion technique usually uses water as a couplant; however, oil can also be used. The couplant shall be free of air bubbles or foreign substances, that affect ultrasonic testing. A suitable rust inhibitor can be added to the couplant, to prevent corrosion of the steel bar. A suitable lubricant can be added to the couplant, to reduce the formation of air bubbles on the steel bar and the probe. 4.2.2 Couplant, such as oil, grease, water, water-soluble gel should be used, for the contact technology. The viscosity and surface wettability of the couplant shall be sufficient, to ensure that the ultrasonic energy is well transmitted to the steel bar. 5 Instruments and equipment 5.1 Ultrasonic detector 5.1.1 Performance test methods and requirements The performance of the ultrasonic detector is tested, according to the method of JB/T 10061 or JJG 746. Its indicators shall meet the following requirements: - The vertical linearity is not more than 5%; - The horizontal linearity is not more than 2%; - The dynamic range is not less than 30 dB; - The sensitivity margin is not less than 42 dB; - The attenuation error does not exceed ±1.0 dB/12 dB. 5.1.2 Alarms Optical and/or audible alarms should be used. The triggering of the alarm shall be controlled, by adjusting the amplitude of the ultrasonic signal, which is received on the time baseline; the alarm threshold level is adjustable. 5.2 Probes 5.2.1 The frequency of the probe shall be able to meet the requirements of the ability to penetrate the steel bar to be inspected AND the resolution. It should be 2 MHz ~ 10 MHz. The diameter (side length) of the probe chip should not be greater than 28 mm. The liquid immersion probe should adopt the focusing method. If the testing requirements can be met, other forms of probes can be used for testing, such as phased array probes, that meet the requirements of JB/T 11731. 5.2.2 When the liquid immersion method is used for detection, the angle controller and mechanical control device of the probe shall be easy to adjust. 5.2.3 The parameters of the probe should be tested, according to the methods of GB/T 18694 and GB/T 18852. 5.3 Immersion tank (box) and probe regulator 5.3.1 The size of the liquid immersion tank (box), which is used for liquid immersion testing, shall ensure that the tested parts can be immersed. 5.3.2 The probe regulator shall provide adjustable angle and water layer, in two mutually perpendicular planes; it shall ensure that the probe angle and water layer are stable and reliable, during detection. 5.3.3 When using ultrasonic C-scanning equipment, the motion control of the scanning device shall have sufficient accuracy. 6 Comparative test blocks 6.1 It shall use the materials, which have the same or similar acoustic properties as the tested steel bars. The height difference of the primary bottom wave, between the tested steel bar and the reference test block, shall be within the range of ±4 dB. Use ultrasonic testing method in advance, to check the material of the comparative test block, under the condition of higher sensitivity; there shall be no echo, that affects the use. 6.2 On the comparative test block, for longitudinal wave testing, it should machine flat- bottomed holes, in the entire circumferential section. When testing steel bars, which have a diameter of 6 mm ~ 26 mm, only one flat-bottomed hole OR two flat-bottomed holes with different depths, as shown in Figure 1, can be processed under the condition of satisfying the resolution. When testing steel bars, which have a diameter of 26 mm ~ 200 mm, it may use the comparative test blocks, which have similar specifications, as shown in Figure 1 and Table 1. When testing steel bars, which have a diameter greater 6.3 The diameter of the flat-bottomed hole of the comparative test block shall be consistent with the diameter of the flat-bottomed hole, which is specified in 9.4.1 for the quality level of longitudinal wave testing. Other requirements for comparative test blocks, for longitudinal wave testing, are as follows. a) B1, B2, B3 are 1/4, 1/2, 3/4 of the diameter of the round bar, respectively, which has a tolerance of ±0.2 mm. b) The number and diameter of the flat-bottomed holes are selected, according to the quality level. The diameter tolerance of the flat-bottomed holes is ±0.01 mm or ±1% of the hole diameter, whichever is greater. The flatness error of the hole bottom shall not exceed ±0.03 mm. The surface roughness Rα shall not exceed 3.2 μm; the center line of each hole shall pass the radius. c) If the processing size of the comparative test block is larger, the comparative test block can be made into three separate pieces: one is B1 size, one is B2 size, the other is B3 size; the other dimensions are as shown in Figure 1 and Table 1. d) The surface roughness (Rα) of the comparative test block shall be the same as that of the tested steel bar. 6.4 The comparative test block for shear wave testing shall be the same as the nominal diameter of the steel bar to be tested, as shown in Table 2 and Figure 2. When the diameter of the steel bar is less than 20 mm, AND it is impossible to machine the three transverse holes of different depths, as shown in Figure 2, only one transverse hole OR two transverse holes with different buried depths can be machined. According to the distribution rules of the transverse holes on the circumference, as shown in Figure 2, transverse holes with different buried depths can be processed, on different circumferential surfaces. Other requirements for the comparative test block for shear wave testing are as follows: a) The deviation of the transverse hole position shall be ±0.25 mm; b) The surface roughness (Rα) of all holes shall not be greater than 3.2 μm; c) All holes shall prevent water ingress and maintain air-metal interface, permanently plugged; d) According to the actual situation, design the number and buried depth of the reference reflectors; e) The surface roughness of the comparative test block shall be the same as that of the tested steel bar. in zones. 8.2.4 During the longitudinal wave testing by the liquid immersion method, the water path shall be adjusted, so that the second interface wave from the tested steel bar does not appear, before the first bottom wave of the steel bar. During the testing, it shall adjust the perpendicularity between the probe and the workpiece, to maximize the reflected signal at the interface. During the sensitivity setting, scanning, evaluation, the difference of the water path shall not exceed ±3 mm. 8.2.5 When the DAC curve or TCG curve is not used, adjust the ultrasonic detector and equipment, so that the echo heights of the maximum sound path hole and the minimum sound path hole, on the comparative test block, are not lower than 80% of the full amplitude of the phosphor screen. This is taken as the detection sensitivity. When the contact method detects steel bars, whose diameter is greater than three times the near- field area of the probe, the bottom wave calculation method can be used, to adjust the sensitivity. When using the DAC curve or the TCG curve, at least 3 reference reflector echoes, which have different buried depths, shall be taken, in the entire range of the detected metal sound path. For probes and ultrasonic detectors, which are suitable for the DGS method (AVG method), the sensitivity adjustment can be performed, using the DGS method. 8.2.6 During shear wave testing, the probe shall generate shear waves of 35° ~ 70°, in the workpiece. The echoes from each reference reflector, on the comparative test block, shall not be lower than 80% of the full amplitude of the phosphor screen. 8.2.7 During automatic scanning, the setting of the gate width shall meet the requirements of the detection range. 8.2.8 The alarm level shall be set, according to the echo amplitude of the flat-bottom hole size of multiple reflectors, which have the corresponding quality level. The echo amplitude of the flat-bottom hole size of a single reflector shall be set for levels C and D. 8.2.9 The scanning spacing shall not exceed 80% of the effective sound beam width of the probe. The effective sound beam width should be determined by the -6 dB method, which is performed by the minimum value, as measured on the reference reflector, within the range of the detected metal sound path. 8.2.10 During manual scanning, the scanning speed should not exceed 150 mm/s. During automatic scanning, when the scanning speed is the maximum, the echoes of the reference reflector, within the detection depth range in the comparative test block, can be found. 8.2.11 The sensitivity of the detection system shall be reviewed, when the following conditions are found: a) When the probe, couplant, testing instrument adjustment, equipment status change; b) When the scanning sensitivity is abnormal; c) Manual scanning for more than 4 hours in a row and at the end; d) Automatic scanning at the beginning and end of each shift or batch. 8.2.12 When it is found that the scanning sensitivity is abnormal, within the detection range, all steel bars tested since the last review shall be re-inspected, OR all recorded signals shall be re-evaluated. If it can be proved that the detection system is reproducible, it may extend the sensitivity review interval of 8.2.11 c) and 8.2.11 d). 9 Evaluation of testing results 9.1 Recording of reflected signal According to the highest sensitivity, which is specified by the quality level, during the scanning process, the reflected signal, which is greater than or equal to this sensitivity level, shall be recorded. The recording method is a coordinate diagram or a C-scan diagram, to indicate the position and size of the reflected signal. 9.2 Evaluation of back wave loss Use direct wave to measure the bottom wave, at a lower gain; compare it with the bottom wave, in the normal position. If the bottom wave loses more than 50% AND is accompanied by an increase or decrease of the noise signal (at least twice the normal background noise), which is not due to surface state or non-parallelism, it is unqualified. 9.3 Evaluation of noise level Noise levels above the alarm trigger level are considered unacceptable. Note: When the tested titanium alloy bar is used as a reference, the alarm level slightly exceeds the noise level, BUT does not exceed 70% of the detection sensitivity level. 9.4 Evaluation of defects 9.4.1 Longitudinal wave testing 9.4.1.1 Single defect Compare echoes of flat-bottomed holes, which have similar burial depths AND are specified in Table 3, with echoes of defects; the defects exceeding those specified in Table 3 are considered unqualified. 9.4.1.2 Multiple defects ......


GB/T 4162-2008 GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 77.040.20 H 26 Replacing GB/T 4162-1991 Forged and Rolled Steel Bars - Method for Ultrasonic Testing ISSUED ON. MAY 13, 2008 IMPLEMENTED ON. NOVEMBER 11, 2008 Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China; Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Table of Contents Foreword ... 3  1 Scope ... 5  2 Normative references ... 5  3 Terms and definitions ... 6  4 Requirements ... 6  5 Test methods and procedures ... 9  6 Testing result assessment ... 11  7 Quality level ... 12  8 Record and report ... 12  Foreword  This standard is not equivalent to ASTM E2375-04 "Forged and Rolled Products - Method for Ultrasonic Testing". This standard replaces GB/T 4162-1991 "Forged and Rolled Steel Bars--Method for Ultrasonic Examination". Compared with GB/T 4162-1991, the changes of this standard are listed below. — The diameter (thickness) application range in this standard (12 mm ~ 250 mm) replaces the one in the previous standard (20 mm ~ 250 mm); — Add a Chapter "terms and definitions"; — Add the requirements for the physical dimensions and specifications of reference blocks; — Modify the reference block for transverse wave test; — Add the dimension-comparison reference tables of quality grade and cross hole; — Delete the permissible error of buried depth and discontinuous depth for equivalent flat bottomed hole in previous standard; — Add the water-path adjustment, divisional test, distance amplitude compensation and the arrangement of alarm level when immersion method test is carried out during test. — Add discontinuous strip-length-measurement method and the discontinuous assessment contents for transverse wave test in discontinuous assessment; — Modify the Class AAA quality in the previous standard; add Class C in this standard; and Class C in the previous standard is modified as Class D in this standard. This standard was proposed by the China Iron and Steel Association. This standard shall be under the jurisdiction of the National Steel Standardization Technical Committee. Chief drafting organizations of this standard. Special Steel Branch Company, Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd., and China Metallurgical Information and Standardization Institute Chief drafting staffs of this standard. Ni Xiumei, Wang Yongling, Jiang Yimin, Zhao Forged and Rolled Steel Bars - Method for Ultrasonic Testing 1    Scope  This standard specifies the requirements, test method, procedure, result assessment, quality grade, record and report of ultrasonic test for forged and rolled steel bars. This standard is applicable to the forged and rolled steel bars whose diameter (thickness) is 12mm ~ 200mm and is tested with ultrasonic (longitudinal wave or transverse wave) impulse reflection method (contact method or immersion method); this standard may also act as the reference for the test of other forged and rolled bars. This standard is not applicable to austenite scorched steel bars. 2    Normative references  The following standard contains the provisions which, through reference in the following text, constitute the provisions of this standard. For dated reference, the subsequent amendments (excluding correction) or revisions of these publications do not apply. However, parties who reach an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. GB/T 9445 Non-Destructive Testing - Qualification and Certification of Personnel GB/T 12604.1 Non-destructive Testing - Terms Used in Ultrasonic Testing GB/T 18694 Non-destructive Testing - Ultrasonic Inspection - Characterization of Search unit and Sound Field B/T 18852 Ultrasonic Non-destructive Testing - Reference Blocks and Test Procedures for the Characterization of Contact Search Unit Beam Profiles JB/T 10061 Commonly Used Specification for A-Mode Ultrasonic Flaw Detector Using Pulse Echo Technique 3    Terms and definitions  The established terms and definitions in GB/T 12604.1 are applicable to this standard. 4    Requirements  4.1 Provisions If ultrasonic test is carried out according to this standard, the types and quality grades etc. of ultrasonic shall be specified in contract or related documents by the supplier and demander. 4.2 Personnel qualification The personnel who are engaged in executing this standard shall be trained according to GB/T 9445 or the related standard, and then receives a qualification certificate. The personnel who are engaged in signing and issuing test report shall receive the Class II or above Class II qualification certificate. 4.3 Couplant 4.3.1 Immersion method Water which is free from extraneous material that affects ultrasonic test and air bubble may be used. Proper preservative and lubricant may be added to prevent corrosion and reducing the bubble formation on steel bar and probe. 4.3.2 Contact method Water, oil, fat and water soluble gel etc. may be used; besides, the viscosity and surface wettability of couplant shall be proper enough to ensure that the ultrasonic energy will transmit into steel bars perfectly. 4.4 Reference block 4.4.1 The material whose acoustic property is the same as or similar to the acoustic property of the tested steel bar shall be adopted. 4.4.2 Reference block shall be carefully inspected with ultrasonic test method under high sensitivity in advance, but attention shall be given not to affect the used echo wave existence. 4.4.3 If the test diameter of longitudinal wave is not greater than 200mm, the reference block whose specification is close to the one in Table 1 or Figure 1 may be used; if the test diameter is greater than 200 mm, plane-block may be used. 6    Testing result assessment  6.1 Echo signal record According to the maximum sensitivity indicated in the quality grade, any echo signal which is more than or equals to the sensitivity level shall be recorded in the scanning process. The record may be coordinate figures or C-scanning figures, which may indicate the position and of the echo signal. 6. 2 Bottom wave loss assessment Carried out the bottom wave measurement via the straight sound beam under lower gain, compare it with the bottom wave of the normal part, if the bottom wave loss is over 50% and not caused by the surface conditions and misalignment, the bottom wave is incompetent. 6.3 Noise assessment The noise exceeding the alarming level is considered disqualified. The alarming level of titanium alloy shall be set just over the noise level, but shall not exceed 70% of the detection sensitivity. 6.4 Discontinuity assessment 6.4.1 Longitudinal wave 6.4.1.1 Single discontinuity Compare the flat bottomed hole echo specified in Table 4 of similar buried depth with the discontinuous echo; the discontinuities that exceed the specification in Table 4 are deemed as disqualified. 6.4.1.2 Multiple discontinuities Move the probe to find the maximal echo of each discontinuity; measure the distance of the multiple discontinuity. If the distance was less than the specification in Table 4, It is deemed as unqualified. 6.4.1.3 Rectangle discontinuity Measure the length according to the following method. If the length exceeds the specification in Table 4, it is deemed as unqualified. a) On the test block of rectangle discontinuous flat bottomed holes with similar buried depth, make the echo on the flat bottomed hole to reach its maximum; regulate the instrument to full amplitude and move the probe to opposite directions along the Table 4 Quality grade (mm) Quality grade Single discontinuity flat bottomed hole diameter Multiple discontinuities strip discontinuities Bottom wave loss Noise Flat bottomed hole diameter Distance Flat bottomed hole diameter Length AAA 0.8 0.4 25 0.4 3.2 50% Alarming level AA 1.2 0.8 25 0.8 13 50% A 2.0 1.2 25 1.2 25 50% B 3.2 2.0 25 2.0 25 50% C 3.2 Not applicable 50% D 4.0 Not applicable ......

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