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Standard ID | GB/T 36548-2024 (GB/T36548-2024) | Description (Translated English) | Test code for electrochemical energy storage station connected to power grid | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | Classification of Chinese Standard | F19 | Classification of International Standard | 27.180 | Word Count Estimation | 30,317 | Date of Issue | 2024-06-29 | Date of Implementation | 2025-01-01 | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 36548-2018 | Drafting Organization | China Electric Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., State Grid Hubei Electric Power Co., Ltd. Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Xinjiang Electric Power Co., Ltd. Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Fujian Electric Power Co., Ltd. Electric Power Research Institute, Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd., State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd. Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd. Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company Electric Power Research Institute, China Southern Power Grid Electric Technology Co., Ltd., Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd., Huawei Digital Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Huayun Clean Energy Co., Ltd., Yunnan Electric Power Test Research Institute (Group) Co., Ltd. | Administrative Organization | National Technical Committee for Standardization of Power Storage (SAC/TC 550) | Proposing organization | China Electricity Council | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, National Standardization Administration | Standard ID | GB/T 36548-2018 (GB/T36548-2018) | Description (Translated English) | Test specification for electrochemical energy storage system connected to power grid | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | Classification of Chinese Standard | F19 | Classification of International Standard | 27.180 | Word Count Estimation | 18,126 | Date of Issue | 2018-07-13 | Date of Implementation | 2019-02-01 | Drafting Organization | China Electric Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., State Grid Shanghai Electric Power Company Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Company Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Weibei Electric Power Co., Ltd. Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Company Electric Power Science Research Institute, State Grid Jiangxi Electric Power Company Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Fujian Electric Power Co., Ltd. Electric Power Research Institute, China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd. | Administrative Organization | National Electric Energy Storage Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 550) | Proposing organization | China Electricity Council | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration of Markets and China National Standardization Administration |
GB/T 36548-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 27.180
CCS F 19
Replacing GB/T 36548-2018
Test Code for Electrochemical Energy Storage Station
Connected to Power Grid
ISSUED ON: JUNE 29, 2024
IMPLEMENTED ON: JANUARY 1, 2025
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 6
2 Normative References ... 6
3 Terms and Definitions ... 7
4 Overall Requirements ... 7
5 Test Conditions ... 8
6 Test Instruments and Equipment ... 8
7 Power Control ... 10
8 Charge and Discharge Time ... 15
9 Rated Energy ... 16
10 Rated Energy Efficiency ... 19
11 Power Quality ... 21
12 Primary Frequency Modulation ... 22
13 Inertia Response ... 23
14 Operation Adaptability ... 24
15 Fault Ride-through ... 29
16 Overload Capability ... 37
17 Automatic Generation Control (AGC) ... 38
18 Automatic Voltage Control (AVC) ... 39
19 Emergency Power Support ... 40
Appendix A (normative) Technical Information Collected before Energy Storage
Station is Connected to the Power Grid for Testing ... 41
Appendix B (informative) Wiring of Energy Storage Station and Energy Storage
System Connected to the Power Grid for Testing ... 42
Appendix C (informative) Test Report Format ... 44
Appendix D (normative) Calculation Method for Active Power Control Response Time,
Regulation Time and Control Deviation Parameters ... 45
Test Code for Electrochemical Energy Storage Station
Connected to Power Grid
1 Scope
This document describes the test methods for power control, charge and discharge time, rated
energy, rated energy efficiency, power quality, primary frequency modulation, inertia response,
operation adaptability, fault ride-through, overload capability, automatic generation control
(AGC), automatic voltage control (AVC) and emergency power support, etc. of electrochemical
energy storage station (hereinafter referred to as “energy storage station”) connected to power
grid, as well as the requirements for the test conditions, and test instruments and equipment,
etc.
This document is applicable to the commissioning, grid connection detection, operation and
maintenance of newly constructed, renovated and expanded electrochemical energy storage
stations connected to the power grid through voltage levels of 10 (6) kV and above. The energy
storage stations connected to the power grid through other voltage levels may take this as a
reference in implementation.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 12325 Power Quality - Deviation of Supply Voltage
GB/T 12326 Power Quality - Voltage Fluctuation and Flicker
GB/T 14549 Quality of Electric Energy Supply - Harmonics in Public Supply Network
GB/T 15543 Power Quality - Three-phase Voltage Unbalance
GB/T 15945 Power Quality - Frequency Deviation for Power System
GB/T 20840 (all parts) Instrument Transformers
GB/T 24337 Power Quality - Interharmonics in Public Supply Network
GB/T 36547 Technical Rule for Electrochemical Energy Storage System Connected to Power
Grid
GB/T 42288 Safety Code of Electrochemical Energy Storage Station
GB/T 43526 Technical Requirements for Connecting User-side Electrochemical Energy
Storage System to Distribution Network
DL/T 2528 Basic Terminology of Electrical Energy Storage
3 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 36547 and DL/T 2528 are applicable to this
document.
4 Overall Requirements
4.1 The test results of the energy storage station connected to the power grid shall be determined
in accordance with the requirements of GB/T 36547 and GB/T 43526.
4.2 Before the energy storage station is connected to the power grid for testing, the technical
information of the energy storage station shall be collected; a test scheme shall be prepared and
submitted to the power grid dispatching institution for approval within 30 days before the test,
then, it can be implemented. The technical information collected before the energy storage
station is connected to the power grid for testing shall comply with the provisions of Appendix
A.
4.3 Before the energy storage station is connected to the power grid for testing, an emergency
plan shall be prepared, and safety measures shall be formulated. The safety of the test work
shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 42288, and temporary fire-fighting facilities and
emergency supplies shall be equipped.
4.4 The testing personnel of the energy storage station shall have necessary electrical
knowledge and professional skills, be familiar with the working principles and structures, test
schemes and safe work procedures of energy storage equipment and electrical equipment, and
be able to correctly use tools, instruments and safety protection equipment.
4.5 The instruments and equipment used for the test of energy storage station connected to the
power grid shall be verified or calibrated and be within the validity period. The shell of the test
instruments and equipment shall be reliably grounded, and the power supply should be an
uninterruptible power supply.
4.6 The energy storage station shall complete the grid connection test within 3 months of grid-
connected operation.
4.7 Before testing the energy storage station, the specification parameters, electrical wiring,
working parameters and protection settings, etc. of the energy storage station shall be verified.
4.8 Unless otherwise specified, the energy storage station shall be pre-charged or pre-
discharged before testing, and the energy state should be 30% ~ 80% of the rated discharging
energy.
4.9 The energy storage station shall select the energy storage station or energy storage system
as the test object in accordance with the grid conditions of the access point and the requirements
of the power grid dispatching institution. For test projects carried out with an energy storage
system as the test object, the test results shall be evaluated in combination with energy storage
station model simulations. See Appendix B for the wiring of energy storage station and energy
storage system connected to the grid for testing.
4.10 The test point for the energy storage station connected to the power grid shall select a grid
connection point.
4.11 If an abnormality occurs during the test of the energy storage station connected to the
power grid, the test shall be immediately stopped, and the abnormal information shall be
recorded. After the processing is completed, the test shall be re-performed.
4.12 When renovation (expansion) or equipment modification, software upgrade, network-
related parameter modification and control logic change of the energy storage station may affect
the performance of grid connection of the energy storage station, such as: fault ride-through,
power control, rated energy, operation adaptability and power quality, etc., the affected items
shall be re-tested within 3 months of completion of the replacement or update.
4.13 During the test process of the energy storage station connected to the power grid, the test
data and environmental conditions shall be recorded, and a test report shall be issued after the
test is completed. The test report includes an overview of the energy storage station, test
information, test equipment, test items, test conclusions and test data, etc. See Appendix C for
the test report format.
5 Test Conditions
5.1 During the test, the main equipment of the energy storage station shall be in normal working
conditions.
5.2 The harmonic voltage of the power grid, to which, the energy storage station is connected,
shall satisfy the requirements of GB/T 14549; the inter-harmonic voltage shall satisfy the
requirements of GB/T 24337; the grid voltage deviation shall satisfy the requirements of GB/T
12325; the voltage fluctuation and flicker values shall satisfy the requirements of GB/T 12326;
the three-phase voltage unbalance shall satisfy the requirements of GB/T 15543; the grid
frequency deviation shall satisfy the requirements of GB/T 15945.
6 Test Instruments and Equipment
6.1 Test Instruments
The test instruments shall satisfy the following requirements:
power control point, in a period of 20 ms, calculate the average value and deviation
of reactive power 15 seconds after each reactive power control point;
e) Issue active power control instructions through the monitoring system and
successively set the energy storage station to charge at 90% PN, 80% PN, 70% PN, 60%
PN, 50% PN, 40% PN, 30% PN, 20% PN and 10% PN. Repeat steps c) ~ d);
f) Issue active power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the
active power of the energy storage station to 0. Repeat steps c) ~ d);
g) Issue active power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the
energy storage station to charge at PN;
h) Issue reactive power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the
capacitive reactive power of the energy storage station to start from 0, and increase
step by step with an amplitude of 10% PN, until the capacitive reactive power of the
energy storage station reaches the maximum, then, stop increasing the capacitive
reactive power, and continuously operate for 30 seconds at each reactive power
control point;
i) Utilize the data acquisition device to record the voltage and current of each reactive
power control point, in a period of 20 ms, calculate the average value and deviation
of reactive power 15 seconds after each reactive power control point;
j) Issue active power control instructions through the monitoring system and
successively set the energy storage station to charge at 90% PN, 80% PN, 70% PN, 60%
PN, 50% PN, 40% PN, 30% PN, 20% PN and 10% PN. Repeat steps h) ~ i);
k) Issue active power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the
active power of the energy storage station to 0. Repeat steps h) ~ i).
NOTE: PN represents the rated discharge active power value, which is expressed in (kW) or (MW).
7.2.2 Discharging state
The reactive power control test of the energy storage station in the discharging state is carried
out in accordance with the following steps:
a) The data acquisition device is connected to the voltage transformer (PT) and current
transformer (CT) at the test point. The specific wiring is shown in Figure B.1;
b) Issue active power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the
energy storage station to discharge at PN;
c) Issue reactive power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the
inductive reactive power of the energy storage station to start from 0, and increase
step by step with an amplitude of 10% PN, until the inductive reactive power of the
energy storage station reaches the maximum, then, stop increasing the inductive
reactive power, and continuously operate for 30 seconds at each reactive power
control point;
d) Utilize the data acquisition device to record the voltage and current of each reactive
power control point, in a period of 20 ms, calculate the average value and deviation
of reactive power 15 seconds after each reactive power control point;
e) Issue active power control instructions through the monitoring system and
successively set the energy storage station to discharge at 90% PN, 80% PN, 70% PN,
60% PN, 50% PN, 40% PN, 30% PN, 20% PN and 10% PN. Repeat steps c) ~ d);
f) Issue active power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the
active power of the energy storage station to 0. Repeat steps c) ~ d);
g) Issue active power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the
energy storage station to discharge at PN;
h) Issue reactive power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the
capacitive reactive power of the energy storage station to start from 0, and increase
step by step with an amplitude of 10% PN, until the capacitive reactive power of the
energy storage station reaches the maximum, then, stop increasing the capacitive
reactive power, and continuously operate for 30 seconds at each reactive power
control point;
i) Utilize the data acquisition device to record the voltage and current of each reactive
power control point, in a period of 20 ms, calculate the average value and deviation
of reactive power 15 seconds after each reactive power control point;
j) Issue active power control instructions through the monitoring system and
successively set the energy storage station to discharge at 90% PN, 80% PN, 70% PN,
60% PN, 50% PN, 40% PN, 30% PN, 20% PN and 10% PN. Repeat steps h) ~ i);
k) Issue active power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the
active power of the energy storage station to 0. Repeat steps h) ~ i).
NOTE: PN represents the rated discharge active power value, which is expressed in (kW) or (MW).
7.3 Power Factor Regulation Capability
The test of the power factor regulation capability of the energy storage station is carried out in
accordance with the following steps:
a) The data acquisition device is connected to the voltage transformer (PT) and current
transformer (CT) at the test point. The specific wiring is shown in Figure B.1;
b) Issue power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the energy
storage station to discharge at PN and continuously operate for 2 minutes;
storge station, expressed in (kW h) or (MW h).
11 Power Quality
11.1 Current Harmonics
The current harmonics test of the energy storage station shall be respectively carried out in the
charging state and the discharging state. The charging power and discharging power are both
PN. The test method shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 14549. Utilize the data
acquisition device to record the 25th harmonic current value during the test.
NOTE: PN represents the rated discharge active power value, which is expressed in (kW) or (MW).
11.2 Voltage Harmonics
The voltage harmonics test of the energy storage station shall be respectively carried out in the
charging state and the discharging state. The charging power and discharging power are both
PN. The test method shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 14549. Utilize the data
acquisition device to record the total harmonic distortion rate of voltage and the ratio of odd-
even harmonic voltage during the test.
NOTE: PN represents the rated discharge active power value, which is expressed in (kW) or (MW).
11.3 Inter-voltage Harmonics
The inter-voltage harmonics test of the energy storage station shall be respectively carried out
in the charging state and the discharging state. The charging power and discharging power are
both PN. The test method shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 24337. Utilize the data
acquisition device to record the inter-harmonic voltage content rate during the test.
NOTE: PN represents the rated discharge active power value, which is expressed in (kW) or (MW).
11.4 Voltage Deviation
The voltage deviation test of the energy storage station shall be respectively carried out in the
charging state and the discharging state. The charging power and discharging power are both
PN. The test method shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 12325. Utilize the data
acquisition device to record the voltage deviation during the test.
NOTE: PN represents the rated discharge active power value, which is expressed in (kW) or (MW).
11.5 Voltage Unbalance
The voltage unbalance test of the energy storage station shall be respectively carried out in the
charging state and the discharging state. The charging power and discharging power are both
PN. The test method shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 15543. Utilize the data
acquisition device to record the voltage unbalance during the test.
NOTE: PN represents the rated discharge active power value, which is expressed in (kW) or (MW).
11.6 Voltage Fluctuation and Flicker
The voltage fluctuation and flicker test of the energy storage station shall be respectively carried
out in the charging state and the discharging state. The charging power and discharging power
are both PN. The test method shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 12326. Utilize the data
acquisition device to record the voltage fluctuation values and short-term flicker values during
the test.
NOTE: PN represents the rated discharge active power value, which is expressed in (kW) or (MW).
12 Primary Frequency Modulation
The primary frequency modulation test of the energy storage station is carried out in accordance
with the following steps:
a) The data acquisition device is connected to the voltage transformer (PT) and current
transformer (CT) at the test point, and the frequency signal generating device is
connected to the monitoring system of the energy storage station. The specific wiring
is shown in Figure B.3;
b) Exit the inertia response and AGC control functions of the energy storage station;
c) Issue power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the energy
storage station to discharge at PN;
d) Through the frequency signal generating device, issue frequency change instructions
to the monitoring system of the energy storage station;
e) In steps of 0.01 Hz, gradually increase the frequency value from 50 Hz, until the active
power begins to regularly change. After continuously operating for 30 seconds at each
frequency control point, return to 50 Hz. Utilize the data acquisition device to record
the frequency value at the moment when the active power regularly changes during
the frequency up-disturbance process;
f) In steps of 0.01 Hz, gradually decrease the frequency value from 50 Hz, until the
active power begins to regularly change. After continuously operating for 30 seconds
at each frequency control point, return to 50 Hz. Utilize the data acquisition device to
record the frequency value at the moment when the active power regularly changes
during the frequency down-disturbance process;
g) Issue power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the energy
storage station to charge at PN;
h) Repeat d) ~ f);
to the monitoring system of the energy storage station;
e) Respectively at a frequency change rate of 0.1 Hz/s and 0.5 Hz/s, increase from 50
Hz to 51.50 Hz. After continuously operating for 30 seconds, return to 50 Hz. Utilize
the data acquisition device to record the voltage, current, frequency and active power
values at the test point;
f) Respectively at a frequency change rate of 0.1 Hz/s and 0.5 Hz/s, decrease from 50
Hz to 48.50 Hz. After continuously operating for 30 seconds, return to 50 Hz. Utilize
the data acquisition device to record the voltage, current, frequency and active power
values at the test point;
g) Calculate the active power response time and control deviation. The calculation
method shall comply with the provisions of Appendix D;
h) Issue power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the energy
storage station to charge at PN;
i) Repeat d) ~ g);
j) After the test is completed, restore the primary frequency modulation and AGC
control functions of the energy storage station.
NOTE: PN represents the rated discharge active power value, which is expressed in (kW) or (MW).
14 Operation Adaptability
14.1 Voltage Adaptability
The voltage adaptability test of the energy storage station is carried out in accordance with the
following steps.
a) The energy storage station is the first choice as the test object. When the energy
storage station cannot be used as the test object, it is appropriate to select any energy
storage system of the same model and specifications in the energy storage system as
the test object and turn off other energy storage systems under the same bus as the
energy storage system under test. When there are multiple models and specifications
of energy storage systems in an energy storage system, energy storage systems of the
same model and specifications shall respectively be taken as objects for testing based
on the actual conditions of the energy storage station. The test shall cover all models
and specifications of energy storage systems.
b) The power grid simulation device is connected in series with the energy storage
system under test. The data acquisition device is connected to the voltage transformer
(PT) and current transformer (CT) at the test point. The specific wiring is shown in
Figure B.2.
c) Set the output voltage and frequency of the power grid simulation device to the
nominal voltage and rated frequency of the energy storage system under test.
d) Issue power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the energy
storage system under test to discharge at 20% PN.
e) Set the voltage of the power grid simulation device to respectively step from UN to
91% UN, 95% UN and 99% UN. After continuously operating for at least 1 minute at
each control point, return to UN. Utilize the data acquisition device to record the
voltage at the test point of the energy storage system and the operating status of the
energy storage system.
f) Set the voltage of the power grid simulation device to respectively step from UN to
101% UN, 105% UN and 109% UN. After continuously operating for at least 1 minute
at each control point, return to UN. Utilize the data acquisition device to record the
voltage at the test point of the energy storage system and the operating status of the
energy storage system.
g) Issue power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the energy
storage system under test to charge at 20% PN. Repeat steps e) ~ f).
h) Issue power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the energy
storage system under test to discharge at 80% PN. Repeat steps e) ~ f).
i) Issue power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the energy
storage system under test to charge at 80% PN. Repeat steps e) ~ f).
NOTE: PN represents the rated discharge active power value of the energy storage system under
test, which is expressed in (kW) or (MW).
14.2 Frequency Adaptability
The frequency adaptability test of the energy storage station is carried out in accordance with
the following steps.
a) The energy storage station is the first choice as the test object. When the energy
storage station cannot be used as the test object, it is appropriate to select any energy
storage system of the same model and specifications in the energy storage system as
the test object and turn off other energy storage systems under the same bus as the
energy storage system under test. When there are multiple models and specifications
of energy storage systems in an energy storage system, energy storage systems of the
same model and specifications shall respectively be taken as objects for testing based
on the actual conditions of the energy storage station. The test shall cover all models
and specifications of energy storage systems.
b) The power grid simulation device is connected in series with the energy storage
system under test. The data acquisition device is connected to the voltage transformer
storage station cannot be used as the test object, it is appropriate to select any energy
storage system of the same model and specifications in the energy storage system as
the test object and turn off other energy storage systems under the same bus as the
energy storage system under test. When there are multiple models and specifications
of energy storage systems in an energy storage system, energy storage systems of the
same model and specifications shall respectively be taken as objects for testing based
on the actual conditions of the energy storage station. The test shall cover all models
and specifications of energy storage systems.
b) The power grid simulation device is connected in series with the energy storage
system under test. The data acquisition device is connected to the voltage transformer
(PT) and current transformer (CT) at the test point. The specific wiring is shown in
Figure B.2.
c) Set the output voltage and frequency of the power grid simulation device to the
nominal voltage and rated frequency of the energy storage system under test.
d) Turn off the primary frequency modulation and inertia response functions of the
energy storage system under test.
e) Issue power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the energy
storage system under test to discharge at 20% PN.
f) Set the output frequency of the power grid simulation device to decrease from 50 Hz
to 48.55 Hz at a change rate of 1.95 Hz/s. Continuously operate for at least 1 minute,
then, at a change rate of 1.95 Hz/s, increase to 50 Hz, and continuously operate for at
least 1 minute. Utilize the data acquisition device to record the frequency at the test
point of the energy storage system and the operating status of the energy storage
system.
g) Set the output frequency of the power grid simulation device to decrease from 50 Hz
to 48.55 Hz at a change rate of 2.05 Hz/s. Continuously operate for at least 1 minute,
then, at a change rate of 2.05 Hz/s, increase to 50 Hz, and continuously operate for at
least 1 minute. Utilize the data acquisition device to record the frequency at the test
point of the energy storage system and the operating status of the energy storage
system.
h) Set the output frequency of the power grid simulation device to increase from 50 Hz
to 50.45 Hz at a change rate of 1.95 Hz/s. Continuously operate for at least 1 minute,
then, at a change rate of 1.95 Hz/s, decrease to 50 Hz, and continuously operate for at
least 1 minute. Utilize the data acquisition device to record the frequency at the test
point of the energy storage system and the operating status of the energy storage
system.
i) Set the output frequency of the power grid simulation device to increase from 50 Hz
to 50.45 Hz at a change rate of 2.05 Hz/s. Continuously operate for at least 1 minute,
then, at a change rate of 2.05 Hz/s, decrease to 50 Hz, and continuously operate for at
......
GB/T 36548-2018
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 27.180
F 19
Test specification for electrochemical energy storage system
connected to power grid
ISSUED ON: JULY 13, 2018
IMPLEMENTED ON: FEBRUARY 01, 2019
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions... 5
4 General principles ... 6
5 Test conditions ... 6
6 Test equipment ... 7
7 Test items and methods ... 8
Test specification for electrochemical energy storage system
connected to power grid
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the test conditions, test equipment, test items and methods for
electrochemical energy storage system connected to power grid.
This Standard is applicable to electrochemical energy storage systems with a rated
power of 100 kW and above and an energy storage time of not less than 15 min. It also
applies – as a reference – to the implementation of electrochemical energy storage
systems of other power levels and energy storage time.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies to this document. For
undated references, the latest edition (including any amendment) applies to this
document.
GB/T 12326, Power quality - Voltage fluctuation and flicker
GB/T 12706.1, Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated
voltages from 1 kV (Um = 1.2 kV) up to 35 kV (Um = 40.5 kV) - Part 1: Cables for
rated voltage of 1 kV (Um = 1.2 kV) and 3 kV (Um = 3.6 kV)
GB/T 12706.2, Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated
voltages from 1 kV (Um = 1.2 kV) up to 35 kV (Um = 40.5 kV) - Part 2: Cables for
rated voltages from 6 kV (Um = 7.2 kV) up to 30 kV (Um = 36 kV)
GB/T 13729, Remote terminal unit equipment
GB/T 14549, Quality of electric energy supply - Harmonics in public supply network
GB/T 15543, Power quality - Three-phase voltage
GB/T 21431, Technical code for inspection of lightning protection system in
building
GB/T 24337, Power quality - Interharmonics in public supply network
GB/T 36547, Technical rule for electrochemical energy storage system connected to
power grid
4 General principles
4.1 Before the test, a test plan shall be prepared, and corresponding safety measures
shall be formulated.
4.2 The equipment of the electrochemical energy storage system can be connected to
the power grid for on-site test only after the on-site debugging is completed.
4.3 The test contents of the electrochemical energy storage system include: power grid
adaptability test (including frequency adaptability test, voltage adaptability test and
power quality adaptability test), power control test, overload capacity test, power
quality test, protection function test, charge-discharge response time test, charge-
discharge adjustment time test, charge-discharge conversion time test, rated energy test,
energy conversion efficiency test, etc.; the electrochemical energy storage system
connected to power grid through voltage levels of 10 (6) kV and above shall also be
subjected to low voltage ride through test, high voltage ride through test and
communication test, etc.
4.4 During the power grid adaptability test, simulated power grid devices should be
adopted for the test; during the low voltage ride through test and high voltage ride
through test, power grid fault simulation devices should be used.
4.5 The test results shall meet GB/T 36547 or other relevant requirements, and a
corresponding test report shall be formed.
5 Test conditions
5.1 Environmental conditions
The energy storage system shall be tested under the following environmental conditions:
a) Ambient temperature: 5 °C ~ 40 °C;
b) Ambient humidity: 15% ~ 90%;
c) Atmospheric pressure: 86 kPa ~ 106 kPa.
5.2 Basic conditions
The energy storage system shall meet the following requirements before it is connected
to power grid for test:
a) The lightning protection grounding device of the energy storage system shall meet
the requirements in GB/T 21431, GB 50057 and DL/T 621;
c) During the test, the steady-state voltage variation range shall not exceed 1% of the
nominal voltage;
d) The voltage deviation shall be less than 0.2% of the nominal voltage;
e) The frequency deviation shall be less than 0.01 Hz;
f) The three-phase voltage unbalance shall be less than 1%, and phase deviation shall
be less than 3°;
g) For a simulated power grid device whose neutral point is not grounded, the neutral
point displacement voltage shall be less than 1% of the phase voltage;
h) The rated power (PN, the same below) shall be greater than the rated power of the
electrochemical energy storage system to be tested;
i) It shall be provided with the ability to adjust ±0.1% of the rated frequency fN within
one cycle;
j) It shall be provided with the ability to adjust ±1% of the rated voltage UN within
one cycle;
k) The step response adjustment time shall be less than 20 ms.
6.3 Performance of the power grid fault simulation device for testing
The power grid fault simulation device shall meet the following technical requirements:
a) The device shall be able to simulate three-phase symmetrical voltage drop, phase-
to-phase voltage drop and single-phase voltage drop, and the drop amplitude shall
include 0% ~ 90%;
b) The device shall be able to simulate three-phase symmetrical voltage rise, and the
rise amplitude shall include 110% ~ 130%;
c) The voltage step response adjustment time shall be less than 20 ms.
7 Test items and methods
7.1 Grid adaptability test
7.1.1 Frequency adaptability test
The test wiring – to test the frequency adaptability of the energy storage system – is
shown in Figure 1. This test item shall use a simulated power grid device to simulate
changes in power grid frequency. The test steps are as follows:
a) Connect the energy storage system to the simulated power grid device.
b) Set the energy storage system to run in the charging state.
c) Adjust the frequency of the simulated power grid device to the range of 49.52 Hz
~ 50.18 Hz; select a number of points reasonably within this range (at least 3
points, and the critical point must be measured); continuously run at each point
for at least 1 min, there shall be no tripping phenomenon; otherwise, stop the test.
d) Set the energy storage system to run in the discharge state, and repeat step c).
e) Connect to the energy storage system of the grid through the 380 V voltage level:
1) Set the energy storage system to run in the charging state; adjust the frequency
of the simulated power grid device to the range of 49.32 Hz ~ 49.48 Hz and
50.22 Hz ~ 50.48 Hz respectively; select a number of points reasonably within
the range (at least 3 points, and the critical point must be measured);
continuously run at each point for at least 4 s; respectively record the
operational state of the energy storage system and the corresponding operating
frequency and operating time;
2) Set the energy storage system to run in the discharge state, and repeat step 1).
f) Connect to the energy storage system of the grid through the voltage level of 10(6)
kV and above:
1) Set the energy storage system to run in the charging state; adjust the frequency
of the simulated power grid device to the range of 48.02 Hz ~ 49.48 Hz and
50.22 Hz ~ 50.48 Hz; select a number of points reasonably within this range
(at least 3 points, and the critical point must be measured); continuously run at
each point for at least 4 s; respectively record the operational state of the
energy storage system and the corresponding operating frequency and
operating time;
2) Set the energy storage system to run in the discharge state, and repeat step 1);
3) Set the energy storage system to run in the charging state; adjust the frequency
of the simulated power grid device to 50.52 Hz; run continuously for at least 4
s; record the operational state of the energy storage system and the
corresponding operating frequency and operating time;
4) Set the energy storage system to run in the discharge state, and repeat step 3);
5) Set the energy storage system to run in the charging state; adjust the frequency
of the simulated power grid device to 47.98 Hz; run continuously for at least 4
s; record the operational state of the energy storage system and the
corresponding operating frequency and operating time;
6) Set the energy storage system to run in the discharge state, and repeat step 5).
a) Connect the energy storage system to the simulated power grid device;
b) Set the energy storage system to run in the charging state;
c) Adjust the harmonic value, three-phase voltage unbalance and inter-harmonic
value at the AC side of the simulated power grid device to the maximum limits
required in GB/T 14549, GB/T 15543 and GB/T 24337 respectively; run
continuously for at least 1 min; record the operational state of the energy storage
system and the corresponding operating time;
d) Set the energy storage system to run in the discharge state, and repeat step c).
7.2 Power control test
7.2.1 Active power adjustment capability test
7.2.1.1 Power rise test
As shown in Figure 1, connect the energy storage system to the simulated power grid
device (the public supply network); adjust all parameters to normal operating conditions,
to perform the active power adjustment capability test for power rise. The test steps are
as follows:
a) Set the active power of the energy storage system to 0;
b) As shown in Figure 2, adjust the active power set point step by step to -0.25PN,
0.25PN, -0.5PN, 0.5PN, -0.75PN, 0.75PN, -PN and PN, and keep each power point
for at least 30 s; measure the sequential power at the grid connection point of the
energy storage system; take the average value of active power every 0.2 s as a
point, and record the measured curve;
c) Calculate the average value of active power for 15 s in the second 15 s after each
active power change;
d) Calculate the control precision, response time and adjustment time of active power
at each point of b).
7.2.1.2 Power drop test
As shown in Figure 1, connect the energy storage system to the simulated power grid
device (the public supply network); adjust all parameters to normal operating conditions,
to perform the active power adjustment capability test for power drop. The test steps
are as follows:
a) Set the active power of the energy storage system to PN;
b) As shown in Figure 3, adjust the active power set point step by step to -PN, 0.75PN,
-0.75PN, 0.5PN, -0.5PN, 0.25PN, -0.25PN and 0, and keep each power point for at
Note 2: The discharge power of the energy storage system is positive, and the charging
power is negative.
Figure 3 – Power drop test curve
7.2.2 Reactive power adjustment capability test
7.2.2.1 Charging mode test
As shown in Figure 1, connect the energy storage system to the simulated power grid
device (the public supply network); adjust all parameters to normal operating conditions,
to perform the reactive power adjustment capability charging mode test. The test steps
are as follows:
a) Set the charging active power of the energy storage system to PN;
b) Adjust the energy storage system to operate in the operating mode of outputting
the maximum inductive reactive power;
c) Measure the sequential power at the grid connection point of the energy storage
system; record the active power and reactive power for at least 30 s; take the
average value of power every 0.2 s as a point; calculate the average value of active
power and reactive power in the second 15 s;
d) Adjust the charging active power of the energy storage system to 0.9PN, 0.8PN,
0.7PN, 0.6PN, 0.5PN, 0.4PN, 0.3PN, 0.2PN, 0.1PN and 0 respectively; repeat steps
b) ~ c);
e) Adjust the energy storage system to operate in the operating mode of outputting
the maximum capacitive reactive power; repeat steps c) ~ d);
f) Take the active power as the abscissa and the reactive power as the ordinate, to
draw the power envelope diagram of the energy storage system.
7.2.2.2 Discharge mode test
As shown in Figure 1, connect the energy storage system to the simulated power grid
device (the public supply network); adjust all parameters to normal operating conditions,
to perform the reactive power adjustment capability discharge mode test. The test steps
are as follows:
a) Set the discharge active power of the energy storage system to PN;
b) Adjust the energy storage system to operate in the operating mode of outputting
the maximum inductive reactive power;
c) Measure the sequential power at the grid connection point of the energy storage
system; record the active power and reactive power for at least 30 s; take the
average value of power every 0.2 s as a point; calculate the average value of active
power and reactive power in the second 15 s;
d) Adjust the discharge active power of the energy storage system to 0.9PN, 0.8PN,
0.7PN, 0.6PN, 0.5PN, 0.4PN, 0.3PN, 0.2PN, 0.1PN and 0 respectively; repeat steps
b) ~ c);
e) Adjust the energy storage system to operate in the operating mode of outputting
the maximum capacitive reactive power; repeat steps c) ~ d);
f) Take the active power as the abscissa and the reactive power as the ordinate, to
draw the power envelope diagram of the energy storage system.
Note 1: The positive value of reactive power represents inductive reactive power, and
the negative value of reactive power represents capacitive reactive power.
Note 2: When the active power is within ±2% PN, it is considered that the active power
is adjusted to 0.
7.2.3 Power factor adjustment capability test
As shown in Figure 1, connect the energy storage system to the simulated power grid
device (the public supply network); adjust all parameters to normal working conditions,
to perform the power factor adjustment capability test. The test steps are as follows:
a) Adjust the discharge active power of the energy storage system to four points of
0.25PN, 0.5PN, 0.75PN, and PN respectively;
b) Adjust the power factor of the energy storage system from the lead of 0.95,
continuously to the lag of 0.95, and the adjustment range shall not be greater than
0.01; measure and record the actual output power factor of the energy storage
system;
c) Adjust the charging active power of the energy storage system to four points of
0.25PN, 0.5PN, 0.75PN, and PN respectively;
d) Adjust the power factor of the energy storage system from the lead of 0.95,
continuously to the lag of 0.95, and the adjustment range shall not be greater than
0.01; measure and record the actual output power factor of the energy storage
system.
7.3 Overload capability test
The steps to test the overload capacity of the energy storage system are as follows:
a) Adjust the energy storage system to the hot stand-by state; set the charging active
power set point of the energy storage system to 1.1PN; run continuously for 10
minutes; measure the sequential power at the grid connection point of the energy
simulation device shall be consistent with that of the no-load test. The test steps are as
follows:
a) Connect the energy storage system disconnected during the no-load test to the grid
for operation;
b) Adjust the output power of the energy storage system to 0.1PN ~ 0.3PN;
c) Control the power grid fault simulation device to perform three-phase symmetrical
voltage drop;
d) Record the waveforms of the voltage and current at the grid connection point of
the energy storage system; at least record the data between 10 s before the voltage
drops and 6 s after the voltage returns to normal;
e) Control the power grid fault simulation device to perform asymmetrical voltage
drop;
f) Record the waveforms of the voltage and current at the grid connection point of
the energy storage system; at least record the data between 10 s before the voltage
drops and 6 s after the voltage returns to normal;
g) Adjust the output power of the energy storage system to the rated power PN;
h) Repeat c) ~ f).
7.5 High voltage ride through test
7.5.1 Test preparation
Before the high voltage ride through test of the energy storage system connected to
power grid through a voltage level of 10(6) kV and above, the following preparations
shall be made:
a) Before the high voltage ride through test, the energy storage system shall work in
the same control mode as that when it is actually put into operation. Connect the
energy storage system, power grid fault simulation device, data acquisition device
and other related equipment according to Figure 1;
b) At least 2 points shall be selected for the high voltage ride through test, and they
shall be distributed in the two ranges of 110%UN < U < 120%UN and 120%UN <
U < 130%UN; the rise time shall be selected according to the requirements of the
high voltage ride through curve in Figure 5.
7.6 Power quality test
7.6.1 Three-phase voltage unbalance test
Test the energy storage system separately in charging and discharge state, and carry out
the three-phase voltage unbalance test of the system according to the relevant provisions
of GB/T 15543.
7.6.2 Harmonic test
Test the energy storage system separately in charging and discharge state; perform the
harmonic test of the system according to the relevant provisions of GB/T 14549; carry
out the inter-harmonic test of the system according to the relevant provisions of GB/T
24337.
7.6.3 DC component test
7.6.3.1 Test the DC component of the energy storage system in the discharge state, of
which the steps are as follows:
a) Connect the energy storage system to the simulated power grid device (the public
supply network); adjust all parameters to normal working conditions, and the
power factor to 1;
b) Adjust the output current of the energy storage system to 33% of the rated current,
and keep for 1 min;
c) Measure the voltage of each phase at the output end of the energy storage system,
the effective value of the current and the DC component of the current (it is DC
if the frequency is less than 1 Hz); test for 5 minutes under the same sampling
rate and time window;
d) When the error between the average value of the RMS voltage of each phase and
the rated voltage is less than 5%, and the deviation between the average value of
the RMS value of each phase current and the set value of the test current is less
than 5%, use the absolute value of each measurement point to calculate the
average value of the DC component amplitude of each phase current;
e) Adjust the output current of the energy storage system to 66% and 100% of the
rated output current respectively, and keep it for 1 min; repeat steps c) ~ d).
7.6.3.2 Test the DC component of the energy storage system in the charging state, of
which the steps are as follows:
a) Connect the energy storage system to the simulated power grid device (the public
supply network); adjust all parameters to normal working conditions, and the
power factor to 1;
c) Set the voltage of the simulated power grid device (public supply network) as the
nominal voltage of the energy storage system, and the frequency as the rated
frequency of the energy storage system; adjust the load quality factor Q to be
1.0±0.05;
d) Close switches S1, S2, and S3, until the energy storage system reaches the specified
value of b);
e) Adjust the load so that the fundamental current of each phase passing through
switch S3 is less than 2% of the steady-state rated current of each phase of the
energy storage system;
f) Disconnect S3, and record the time interval from disconnecting S3 to when the
energy storage system stops supplying power to the load, that is, the
disconnection time;
g) Within the range of 95% ~ 105% of the initial balanced load, increase the reactive
load by 1% (or increase the reactive power of the energy storage system by 1%).
If the disconnection time of the energy storage system increases, an additional 1%
reactive load (or reactive power) needs to be added until the disconnection time
no longer increases;
h) At 95% or 105% of the initial balanced load, if the disconnection time still
increases, an additional reduction or increase of 1% of the reactive load (or
reactive power) is required until the disconnection time does not increase;
i) In the test results, the test points with the three longest disconnection times shall
be subjected to 2 additional repeated tests; when the three longest disconnection
times appear on the discontinuous 1% load increase value, all test points between
the three longest disconnect times shall be subjected to 2 additional repetitions;
j) Adjust the output power of the energy storage system to 66% and 33% of the rated
power, respectively, and repeat steps c) ~ i).
Note: For a three-phase four-wire energy storage system, L is the phase wire and N is
the neutral wire; for a three-phase three-wire energy storage system, L and N are
both phase wires.
7.8 Charging and discharge response time test
7.8.1 Charging response time test
Under the condition of charging and discharging at rated power, adjust the energy
storage system to the hot stand-by state, and test the charging response time. The test
steps are as follows:
a) Record the moment when the energy storage system receives the control signal,
as tC1;
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