GB/T 34131-2023 (GB/T34131-2023, GBT 34131-2023, GBT34131-2023)
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Battery management system for electrical energy storage
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GB/T 34131-2023
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Standards related to: GB/T 34131-2023
| Standard ID | GB/T 34131-2023 (GB/T34131-2023) | | Description (Translated English) | Battery management system for electrical energy storage | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | F19 | | Classification of International Standard | 27.180 | | Word Count Estimation | 40,469 | | Date of Issue | 2023-03-17 | | Date of Implementation | 2023-10-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 34131-2017 | | Drafting Organization | China Electric Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Gaote Electronic Equipment Co., Ltd., Ningde Times New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Sungrow Power Supply Co., Ltd., Beijing Haibo Strong Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Kegong Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Xie Neng Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei Guoxuan High-tech Power Energy Co., Ltd., Pinggao Group Energy Storage Technology Co., Ltd., Dalian Rongke Energy Storage Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing Herui Energy Storage Technology Co., Ltd., Honeycomb Energy Technology (Wuxi) Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Nandu Energy Internet Co., Ltd., State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd. Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Anhui Electric Power Co., Ltd. Electric Power Research Institute, Henan Yu Hydrogen Power Co., Ltd., Shandong Saikesaisi Hydrogen Energy Co., Ltd. , Wuhan Zhongyu Power System Technology | | Administrative Organization | National Electric Energy Storage Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 550) | | Proposing organization | China Electricity Council | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, National Standardization Management Committee | GB/T 34131-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 27.180
CCS F 19
Replacing GB/T 34131-2017
Battery management system for electrical energy storage
ISSUED ON: MARCH 17, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON: OCTOBER 01, 2023
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 6
2 Normative references ... 6
3 Terms and definitions ... 7
4 Classification and coding ... 7
5 Normal working environment ... 9
6 Technical requirements ... 9
7 Test methods ... 17
8 inspection rules ... 37
9 Marks, packaging, transportation and storage ... 40
Annex A (informative) Alarm information of battery management system ... 42
Annex B (normative) Requirements for battery simulation device ... 46
Annex C (informative) Parameter information of battery management system ... 48
Annex D (informative) Battery charging and discharging curve ... 60
Battery management system for electrical energy storage
1 Scope
This document specifies the requirements for data acquisition, communication, alarm
and protection, control, energy state estimation, balance, insulation resistance detection,
insulation withstand voltage, electrical adaptability, and electromagnetic compatibility
of the battery management system for electric energy storage (referred to as "battery
management system"). It describes corresponding test methods. It stipulates
classification and coding, normal working environment, inspection rules, marks,
packaging, transportation and storage, etc.
This document is applicable to the design, manufacture, test, inspection, operation,
maintenance and overhaul of battery management systems for lithium-ion batteries,
sodium-ion batteries, lead-acid (carbon) batteries, flow batteries, and water
electrolysis/fuel cells for power storage. Other types of battery management systems
shall refer to this document for implementation.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 191, Packaging and storage marks
GB/T 2423.1, Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2:
Test methods - Tests A: Cold
GB/T 2423.2, Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2:
Test methods - Tests B: Dry heat
GB/T 2423.4, Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2:
Test method - Test Db: Damp heat, cyclic (12 h + 12 h cycle)
GB/T 2423.17, Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2:
Test method - Test Ka: Salt mist
GB/T 4798.2, Classification of environmental conditions - Classification of groups
of environmental parameters and their severities - Part 2: Transportation and
handling
GB/T 7251.1, Low-voltage switchgear and control gear assemblies - Part 1: General
Example 2:
For electric energy storage, the battery type is lithium-ion battery, the management level is battery
cluster, the maximum acquisition voltage is 1500 V, the balance method is passive balance, the
number of voltage acquisition channels is 1, the number of temperature acquisition channels is 0,
and the product model is A002, then the code shall be EES-LIB-C-1500V-PB-001-000-A002.
Example 3:
For electric energy storage, the battery type is a flow battery, the management level is a stack, the
maximum acquisition voltage is 900 V, the balance method is no balance, the number of voltage
acquisition channels is 1, the number of temperature acquisition channels is 1, the product model is
B002, then the code shall be EES-FLB-S-0900V-NB-001-001-B002.
Figure 1 -- Classification and coding of battery management systems
5 Normal working environment
The battery management system shall work normally in the following environments:
a) Temperature: -20°C~65°C;
b) Relative humidity: 5%~95%, without condensation;
c) Altitude: not greater than 2000 m. When it is greater than 2000 m, it shall meet
the relevant provisions of GB/T 7251.1;
d) For battery management systems used in marine climates, salt spray resistance
requirements shall be met.
6 Technical requirements
6.1 General requirements
6.1.1 The battery management system shall have the functions of data acquisition,
communication, alarm and protection, control, state estimation, parameter setting, data
storage, calculation and statistics, etc. It shall have a display function. Lithium-ion
batteries, sodium-ion batteries, and lead-acid (carbon) battery management systems
shall also have balance and insulation resistance detection functions.
6.1.2 The battery management system shall have versatility, compatibility,
maintainability and scalability. It shall be used when it is plugged.
6.1.3 The functions of the battery management system shall be logically independent
of each other. The control strategy and execution cycle match each other.
communication interface, and support Modbus, DL/T 634.5104, DL/T 860 (all parts)
communication protocols. Dual-network redundant communication shall be adopted.
6.3.3 The battery management system and the energy storage converter can use
controller area network (CAN), RS-485, Ethernet and other communication interfaces,
support CAN2.0B, Modbus, DL/T860 (all parts) communication protocols, and have
one output hard contact interface.
6.3.4 Communication interfaces such as CAN, RS-485, and Ethernet can be used
between battery management systems at different management levels. Communication
protocols such as CAN2.0B and Modbus can be supported.
6.3.5 Communication interfaces such as RS-485 and Ethernet can be used for the
battery management system, fire protection system, heating ventilation and air
conditioning system. Support the Modbus communication protocol.
6.4 Alarm and protection
6.4.1 Alarm classification and processing
6.4.1.1 The alarm information of the battery management system shall be divided into
level one, level two and level three according to the severity. In which:
- The level one alarm information is the alarm information that requires immediate
shutdown or power outage processing.
- The level two alarm information is the alarm information that needs to take
emergency measures immediately.
- The level three alarm information is the alarm information that needs to be
strengthened to monitor and the level one and level two alarms to reset.
6.4.1.2 The battery management system shall issue an alarm message and upload when
the equipment state is abnormal or faulty. See Annex A for alarm information.
6.4.1.3 When the level one and level two alarms occur, the battery management system
shall record the analog and state quantities for 10 s before and after the alarm
information.
6.4.2 Alarm content
6.4.2.1 The alarm content of lithium-ion battery, sodium-ion battery and lead-acid
(carbon) battery management system shall include voltage over limit, voltage extreme
difference over limit, cluster current over limit, temperature over limit, battery cell
temperature extreme difference within the cluster over limit, insulation resistance over
limit, voltage acquisition line abnormality, temperature acquisition line abnormality,
battery cluster charge and discharge circuit exception, communication exception, etc.
For lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries and lead-acid (carbon) battery
management systems with more than two battery clusters connected in parallel at the
DC end, there shall also be an alarm for exceeding the limit of the circulation between
battery clusters.
6.4.2.2 The alarm content of the liquid flow battery management system shall include:
voltage over limit, voltage extreme difference over limit, current over limit, temperature
over limit, flow over limit, pressure over limit, liquid level over limit, liquid leakage
fault, communication exception etc.
6.4.2.3 The alarm content of the water electrolysis hydrogen production/fuel cell
management system shall include voltage over limit, current over limit, temperature
over limit, flow over limit, liquid level over limit, pressure over limit, oxygen
concentration over limit in hydrogen, hydrogen concentration over limit in oxygen,
ambient hydrogen concentration over limit, communication abnormality, etc.
6.4.3 Protection
6.4.3.1 The battery management system shall issue a shutdown command within 300
ms after the level one alarm is issued. Disconnect the charging-discharging circuit of
the battery cluster or battery array within 5 s.
6.4.3.2 The battery management system shall issue a command to reduce the operating
power of the battery within 300 ms after the level two alarm is issued.
6.5 Control
6.5.1 The lithium-ion battery, sodium-ion battery and lead-acid (carbon) battery
management system shall control the input and exit of battery clusters and battery arrays.
6.5.2 The battery management system shall have the ability to adjust the battery
temperature through the cooling or heating system.
6.5.3 The liquid flow battery management system shall control the pump speed of the
electrolyte circulation pump and the on-off of the valve.
6.6 Energy state estimation
6.6.1 The battery management system shall estimate the battery state of energy (SOE)
in real time.
6.6.2 The maximum allowable error of the energy state estimation of the battery
management system shall be ±5%.
6.7 Balance
Lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries and lead-acid (carbon) battery management
systems shall have a balancing function. One or both of the active and passive balance
methods can be used as the balance method.
includes at least 9600 bps, 19200 bps, 115200 bps gear selection;
e) With network port baud rate selection configuration function. The baud rate
includes at least 100M bps and 1000M bps gear selection.
7.2.6.2 Analog, digital, switch signal generation and acquisition devices shall meet the
following requirements:
a) With at least 2 analog output ports and 1 analog input detection port;
b) With at least 2 digital output ports and 1 digital input detection port;
c) With at least 2 switch output ports and 1 switch input detection port;
d) The analog input and output level range is at least [0, 30] V;
e) The digital input and output level range is at least [0, 5] V.
7.2.7 Resistance array
The maximum allowable error of resistance is ±1%F.S.
7.3 Test preparation
7.3.1 Unless otherwise specified, the number of battery management system test
samples shall be 3 sets. After all the 3 sets of test samples have completed data
acquisition and insulation resistance testing and inspection items, they are respectively
used for insulation withstand voltage inspection items, environmental adaptability
inspection items, and other inspection items except the listed inspection items.
7.3.2 The test sample shall provide the parameter curve and communication protocol of
the external smart sensor. Each set of samples is configured with test interface lead-in
wires. The total resistance generated by the lead-in test shall be less than 20 mΩ.
7.3.3 Test samples shall provide relevant parameter information. See Annex C for
details.
7.3.4 Select the corresponding calibrated test equipment according to the inspection
items.
7.3.5 Connect the voltage, current and other acquisition channels of the battery
management system test sample with the battery simulation device voltage and current
test channels through the lead-in wires. Connect the test sample power cord of the
battery management system.
7.4 Data acquisition
7.4.1 Battery voltage
The battery cell, battery cluster/stack voltage acquisition test is carried out according to
the following steps.
a) Select the interface corresponding to the battery voltage acquisition channel of the
test sample. Connect the data acquisition line for the test sample and the battery
simulation device. Connect the power supply line of the test sample.
b) Place the test sample in the environment simulation device. Set the temperature
of the environment simulation device to (25±2)°C.
c) Let stand for 1 h.
d) Turn on the power supply of the test sample. Check the displayed information for
the test sample.
e) Adjust the battery simulation device to output 5 voltage values in sequence. The
selection of the voltage value shall be the upper limit value, the lower limit value
and the three values evenly distributed within the range of the upper and lower
limit of the test sample voltage.
f) Record the temperature value of the environment simulation device, the upper and
lower limit values of the voltage sampling of the test sample, the voltage output
value of the battery simulation device and the display value corresponding to the
test sample.
g) Repeat e) and f) twice.
h) When the battery cell voltage of the battery simulation device is less than 5 V or
the battery cluster/stack voltage is less than 500 V, calculate according to formula
(1). Record the battery cell, battery cluster/stack voltage acquisition error
corresponding to each test sample:
Where,
δV1 - the battery voltage acquisition error of the same group of test samples;
UR1 - the output value of the battery simulation device corresponding to the same
group;
UC1 - the corresponding test sample display value of the same group.
i) When the battery cell voltage of the battery simulation device is greater than or
equal to 5 V, or the battery cluster/stack voltage is greater than or equal to 500 V,
calculate according to formula (2). Record the acquisition error of each test
sample battery cell, battery cluster/stack voltage:
i) Set the temperature of the environmental simulation device to (-20±2)°C and
(65±2)°C respectively. Repeat c) ~ h).
j) Disconnect the power supply of the test sample and the battery simulation device.
Remove the data acquisition line. Take out the test sample.
k) Replace the test sample. Repeat a) ~ j).
l) Take the maximum value of the gas concentration acquisition error in all test
samples as the test result.
7.5 Communication
The communication test is carried out according to the following steps:
a) At room temperature, connect the test sample to the signal generation and
acquisition device. Connect the power supply line of the test sample.
b) Connect the power supply of the test sample. Check the displayed information of
the test sample.
c) Send and receive 30 s message ID or related instructions through the signal
generation and acquisition device. Monitor CAN, RS-485 serial port and network
port 30 s message. Record the communication interface and communication
protocol of the test sample.
7.6 Alarm and protection
The alarm and protection test is carried out according to the following steps:
a) At room temperature, connect the test sample to the battery simulation device,
signal generation and acquisition device, and resistor array. Connect the power
supply line of the test sample.
b) Connect the power supply of test samples and test equipment. Set each test
equipment in turn so that the output value exceeds the limit value of all the level
one, level two and level three alarms in the alarm information in Annex A. Record
the alarm information displayed by the test sample. For the level one, level two
alarms, the time t0 of the alarm signal, the time t1 of the command to reduce the
operating power of the battery, and the time t2 of the shutdown command are
recorded by the signal generation and acquisition device.
c) Calculate and record the time intervals between t0 and t1, t0 and t2.
d) Clear test sample faults and reset.
e) Set the trigger conditions of all non-over-limit alarm items in the alarm
information in Annex A for each test equipment to be simulated in turn. Record
the alarm information displayed by the test sample. Record the time t0 of the alarm
signal, the time t1 of the command to reduce the operating power of the battery,
and the time t2 of the shutdown command through the signal generation and
acquisition device.
f) Calculate and record the time intervals between t0 and t1, t0 and t2.
g) Clear test sample fault and reset.
7.7 Control
The control function test is carried out according to the following steps:
a) At room temperature, connect the test sample to the signal generation and
acquisition device. Connect the power supply line of the test sample.
b) Connect the power supply of the test sample. Check the displayed information of
the test sample.
c) The signal generation and acquisition device issues the closing and opening
instructions of all control ports to the test sample.
d) Query and record the closed and disconnected states of all control ports of the test
samples through the signal generation and acquisition device.
7.8 Energy state estimation
The energy state estimation test is carried out according to the following steps.
a) At room temperature, connect each cell voltage and cluster current acquisition
channel of the test sample to the channel of the battery simulation device. Connect
the power supply line of the test sample. Connect the power supply line of the test
sample. Turn on the power supply.
b) Set the initial SOE of the battery simulation device to 50%. Set the SOE of the
test sample to 50%.
c) Set the initial voltage value of each cell voltage channel of the battery simulation
device as the cell voltage value corresponded by 50% SOE.
d) Set the rated energy × N for calculating SOE of test sample (N is the number of
individual voltage acquisition channels configured for the test sample).
e) Battery simulation device simulates constant power charging continuous output
voltage Vch and current Ich. For battery charging Vch/Ich-time curve, see Figure
D.1 in Annex D. When the SOE in the battery charging SOE-time curve is 95%,
it will end. See Figure D.2 for battery charging SOE-time curve. According to the
step length of 1 min, record the SOE0 corresponding to Figure D.2 and the test
sample tests.
j) Take the maximum value of the insulation resistance detection error among all test
samples as the test result.
7.11 Insulation withstand voltage
7.11.1 Insulation performance
The insulation performance test is carried out according to the following steps:
a) In the case of no electricity, disconnect the ground terminal, acquisition terminal
and communication terminal of the test sample.
b) Respectively between the acquisition terminal and the grounding terminal of the
test sample, between the communication terminal and the grounding terminal,
between the acquisition terminal and the communication terminal, between the
power supply terminal and the communication terminal, apply DC voltage
according to Table 3. Duration is 1 min. Record the insulation resistance value
after each test respectively.
7.11.2 Dielectric strength
The dielectric strength test is carried out according to the following steps:
a) In the case of no electricity, disconnect the ground terminal, acquisition terminal
and communication terminal of the test sample.
b) Respectively between the acquisition terminal and the grounding terminal of the
test sample, between the communication terminal and the grounding terminal,
between the acquisition terminal and the power supply terminal, between the
acquisition terminal and the communication terminal, between the power supply
terminal and the communication terminal, apply power frequency AC or DC
voltage according to Table 4. Duration is 1 min. Record the leakage current after
each test respectively.
NOTE: The duration of the exit-factory test is 1 s.
7.12 Environmental adaptability
7.12.1 High temperature
The high temperature test is carried out according to the following steps:
a) Select the interface corresponding to the battery voltage acquisition channel of the
test sample. Connect the data acquisition line for the test sample and the battery
simulation device. Connect the power supply line of the test sample.
b) Place the test sample in the environment simulation device. Set the temperature
of the environment simulation device to 65°C. Let it stand for 2 h.
c) Connect the power supply of the test sample and the battery simulation device.
d) Carry out the high temperature operation test according to the test method
specified in GB/T 2423.2. The test time is 16 h.
e) According to step d) ~ i) of 7.4.1, carry out the battery voltage data acquisition
test of the test sample.
f) Disconnect the power supply of the test sample and the battery simulation device.
g) Set the temperature of the environment simulation device to 85°C. Store for 16 h.
h) Remove the data acquisition line. Take out the test sample.
i) Stand at room temperature for 2 h.
j) Connect the power supply of the test sample and the battery simulation device.
According to step d) ~ i) of 7.4.1, carry out the battery voltage data acquisition
test of the test sample.
7.12.2 Low temperature
The low temperature test is carried out according to the following steps:
a) Select the interface corresponding to the battery voltage acquisition channel of the
test sample. Connect the data acquisition line for the test sample and the battery
simulation device. Connect the power supply line of the test sample.
b) Place the test sample in the environment simulation device. Set the temperature
of the environment simulation device to -20°C. Stand for 2 h.
c) Connect the power supply of the test sample and the battery simulation device.
d) Carry out the low temperature operation test according to the test method specified
in GB/T 2423.1. The test time is 16 h.
e) According to step d) ~ i) of 7.4.1, carry out the battery voltage data acquisition
test of the test sample.
f) Disconnect the power supply of the test sample and the battery simulation device.
g) Set the temperature of the environment simulation device to -40°C. Store for 16
h.
h) Remove the data acquisition line. Take out the test sample.
i) Stand at room temperature for 2 h.
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