GB/T 2893.1-2013_English: PDF (GB/T2893.1-2013)
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Graphical symbols -- Safety colours and safety signs -- Part 1: Design principles for safety signs and safety markings
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Graphical symbols -- Safety colors and safety signs -- Part 1: workplace and public areas of the design principles of safety signs
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| Standard ID | GB/T 2893.1-2013 (GB/T2893.1-2013) | | Description (Translated English) | Graphical symbols. Safety colours and safety signs. Part 1: Design principles for safetry signs and safety markings | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | A22 | | Classification of International Standard | 01.080.10 | | Word Count Estimation | 20,216 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 2893.1-2004 | | Quoted Standard | GB/T 2893.3; GB/T 2893.4; GB/T 15565.1; GB/T 15565.2 | | Adopted Standard | ISO 3864-1-2011, MOD | | Drafting Organization | China National Institute of Standardization | | Administrative Organization | National Standardization Technical Committee graphical symbols | | Regulation (derived from) | National Standards Bulletin 2013 No. 10 | | Proposing organization | National Technical Committee for the Standardization of Graphical Symbols (SAC/TC 59) | | Issuing agency(ies) | General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China | | Summary | This standard specifies: safety signs and safety of different types of markers safe colors and design principles, these safety signs and safety markings in the work area and public places for the prevention of major accidents, fire prevention, transmissio | | Standard ID | GB 2893-2008 (GB2893-2008) | | Description (Translated English) | Safety colours | | Sector / Industry | National Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | A26 | | Classification of International Standard | 01.080.01 | | Word Count Estimation | 14,126 | | Date of Issue | 2008-12-11 | | Date of Implementation | 2009-10-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB 2893-2001 | | Quoted Standard | GB 2894; GB/T 3978; GB/T 3979; GB 5768; GB 13495 | | Adopted Standard | ISO 3864-1-2002, MOD | | Drafting Organization | Beijing Institute of Labour Protection | | Administrative Organization | National Safety Standardization Technical Committee | | Regulation (derived from) | Announcement of Newly Approved National Standards No. 19 of 2008 (No. 132 overall) | | Proposing organization | State Administration of Work Safety | | Issuing agency(ies) | Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China; Standardization Administration of China | | Summary | This Chinese standard specifies the safety message of color, the color of the test methods and safe use. This standard applies to public places, production units and transport, construction, warehousing and other industries as well as fire and other areas used by the surface color signals and signs. This standard does not apply to light signals and navigation, inland navigation and other purposes, the use of color. | | Standard ID | GB/T 2893.1-2004 (GB/T2893.1-2004) | | Description (Translated English) | Graphical symbols - Safety colors and safety signs - Part 1: workplace and public areas of the design principles of safety signs | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | A22 | | Classification of International Standard | 01.080.10 | | Word Count Estimation | 23,241 | | Date of Issue | 2004-05-10 | | Date of Implementation | 2004-12-01 | | Adopted Standard | ISO 3864-1-2002, MOD | | Drafting Organization | China National Institute of Standardization | | Administrative Organization | Graphic symbols National Standardization Technical Committee | | Regulation (derived from) | Announcement of Newly Approved National Standards No. 6 of 2004 (No. 68 overall); National Standards Bulletin 2013 No. 10 | | Proposing organization | China Institute of Standardization | | Issuing agency(ies) | General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People Republic of China, China National Standardization Administration Committee | | Summary | This standard establishes workplaces and public areas for the city's safety signs safety identification colors and design principles in order to prevent accidents, prevent fires, passing hazard information and emergency evacuation. This standard also establishes safety signs in the formulation of standards containing the applicable basic principles. This standard applies to the workplace and may cause problems with security-related sites and lots of education. This standard does not apply to railways, highways, rivers, sea and air traffic signals installed in the guide, in short, does not apply to rules that allow different areas. |
GB/T 2893.1-2013
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 01.080.10
A 22
Replacing GB/T 2893.1-2004
Graphical symbols - Safety colors and safety signs - Part 1:
Design principles for safety signs and safety markings
(ISO 3864-1:2011, MOD)
ISSUED ON: JULY 19, 2013
IMPLEMENTED ON: NOVEMBER 30, 2013
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of PRC;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
Introduction ... 5
1 Scope ... 6
2 Normative references ... 6
3 Terms and definitions... 7
4 Uses of safety colors and safety signs ... 7
5 General meaning of geometric shapes and safety colors ... 7
6 Design of safety signs ... 8
6.1 General requirements ... 8
6.2 Prohibition signs ... 8
6.3 Instruction flags ... 9
6.4 Warning signs ... 10
6.5 Safety status signs ... 10
6.6 Signs of fire protection facilities ... 11
7 Design of auxiliary signs ... 11
8 Design of combination signs ... 13
9 Designs of duplex sign ... 14
10 Design principles of graphic symbols for safety signs ... 15
11 Design of safety markings ... 15
Appendix A (Informative) The relationship between the size of the safety sign and the
viewing distance ... 16
References ... 22
Foreword
GB/T 2893 "Graphical symbols - Safety colors and safety signs" is divided into four
parts:
- Part 1: Design principles for safety signs and safety markings;
- Part 2: Design principles for product safety labels;
- Part 3: Design principles for graphical symbols for use in safety signs;
- Part 4: Colorimetric and photometric properties of safety sign materials.
This Part is Part 1 of GB/T 2893.
This Part was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009 "Directives
for standardization - Part 1: Structure and drafting of standards".
This Part replaces GB/T 2893.1-2004 "Graphical symbols - Safety colors and safety
signs - Part 1: Design principles for safety signs and safety markings". Compared with
GB/T 2893.1-2004, the main technical changes are as follows:
- DELETE the standardization process of safety signs (Chapter 6 of GB/T 2893.1-
2004);
- DELETE the provisions on the lining in the design of safety signs (7.1 in GB/T
2893.1-2004)
- DELETE the design requirements for the combination of emergency exit signs and
directional auxiliary signs (8.6 in GB/T 2893.1-2004);
- MOVE the relationship between the size of the safety sign and the observation
distance, into the informative appendix (Chapter 10 of GB/T 2893.1-2004);
- DELETE the provisions on the chromaticity and luminosity properties of the safety
color and contrasting color (Chapter 11 of GB/T 2893.1-2004).
This Part, using the redrafting method, modifies and adopts ISO 3864-1:2011
"Graphical symbols - Safety colors and safety signs - Part 1: Design principles for safety
signs and safety markings ".
Compared with ISO 3864-1:2011, this Part has the following technical differences:
- Use the GB/T 2893.3, which modifies and adopts the international standard, to
replace the reference document ISO 3864-3 in the original international standard;
- Use the GB/T 2893.4, which modifies and adopts the international standard, to
Graphical symbols - Safety colors and safety signs - Part 1:
Design principles for safety signs and safety markings
Important note: The colors, which are presented in the electronic files of this Part
of GB/T 2893, cannot be viewed as real colors on the screen or used for printing.
Although this Part of GB/T 2893 is printed in China, in accordance with the color
requirements (within the allowable deviation, according to visual inspection), the
printed version is not used for color matching. For requirements on color matching,
please refer to GB/T 2893.4. This Part gives the color reference values quoted from
the color sequence system, whilst giving the chromaticity attributes and
photometric attributes.
1 Scope
This Part of GB/T 2893 specifies the safety colors and design principles of different
types of safety signs and safety markings, which are mainly used in work areas and
public places, to prevent accidents, prevent fires, transmit information on dangerous
situations and emergency evacuation, etc. This Part also specifies the basic principles
to be applied, in the development of standards containing safety signs.
This Part applies to all locations, that require attention to personal-related safety issues.
This Part does not apply to signals guiding railway, road, inland shipping, maritime and
air traffic. In short, it does not apply to areas otherwise specified in laws and regulations.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the dated version applies to this document. For undated references, the
latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 15565 (all parts) Graphical symbols - Terms
GB/T 2893.3 Graphical symbols - Safety colors and safety signs - Part 3: Design
principles for graphical symbols for use in safety signs (GB/T 2893.3-2010, ISO
3864-3:2006, MOD)
GB/T 2893.4 Graphical symbols - Safety colors and safety signs - Part 4:
Colorimetric and photometric properties of safety sign materials (GB/T 2893.4-2013,
ISO 3864-4:2011, MOD)
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions as defined in GB/T 15565, as well as the following terms and
definitions, apply to this document.
3.1
Identifiability
The property of a graphic symbol, to make its symbolic element be understood as
the object or shape it describes.
3.2
Safe observation distance
The maximum distance, FROM the position, where the observer can recognize the
safety sign and have the opportunity to execute the safety sign's instruction, TO the
safety sign.
4 Uses of safety colors and safety signs
4.1 The role of safety colors and safety signs is to make objects or environments, that
affect safety and health, quickly attract people's attention, AND to quickly understand
specific information.
4.2 Safety signs shall only be used for instructions, which are related to personal safety
and health.
5 General meaning of geometric shapes and safety colors
Tables 1 and 2 give the general meaning of geometry, safety, contrasting colors.
Appendix A
(Informative)
The relationship between the size of the safety sign and the viewing distance
A.1 General
This Appendix is mainly concerned with the perceived quality of the graphic symbol
elements in the safety sign. It has nothing to do with the intelligibility and meaning of
the safety sign. In addition to being easy to understand, graphic symbols also need to
have sufficient perceptual quality, in order for the end-users to correctly identify the
symbol elements in the actual use environment.
Note 1: GB/T 16903.3 describes the concept of perceived quality of graphic symbol elements.
When the viewing distance of the safety sign increases, the viewing angle of the graphic
symbol will be reduced. With the increase of observation distance, it becomes
increasingly difficult to identify graphic symbol elements, which leads to a smaller and
smaller proportion of users, who can correctly identify graphic symbol elements.
Therefore, in the short observation distance, the design of the graphic symbol elements
shall keep a very high proportion of the people, who can correctly identify the graphic
symbol elements, in the expected user group. On the contrary, in the long observation
distance, the proportion that the expected user group can correctly identify the graphic
symbol elements will be low or none. Since the distance to correctly identify the
elements of graphic symbols varies from person to person, the proportion of the
expected users, who may make the correct identification, can actually be counted.
Therefore, it is very important for a higher proportion of the expected users, to correctly
identify the elements of the graphic symbols AND understand the meaning of the safety
signs, at a distance where they can follow the instructions of the safety signs. In practice,
in the minimum safe observation distance of safety signs, the proportion of the expected
users, who can correctly identify the elements of graphic symbols, is at least 85%.
The evaluation of identification of graphic symbol elements is a complex task. The
following factors and circumstances will affect the identifiability of graphic symbol
elements:
- The graphic symbol elements and the dimensions of their parts within the geometry
of the safety sign;
- Whether the safety sign is externally or internally illuminated, as well as the
material used for the safety sign;
- Brightness, brightness contrast or contrast between the graphic symbol and the
of graphic symbol elements and the basic geometric shape of safety signs are fixed in
the safety signs, which are stipulated in GB 2894.
The value of z0 will vary, among safety signs, for a given intended user population and
lighting conditions. For safety signs, which have external lighting, where the
illuminance measured on the surface of the sign is 100 lx, AND where the users have
normal or corrected vision, use the test method, which is specified in GB/T 16903.3, to
determine the z0 value, which is related to 85% correct identification ratio standard with
the graphic symbol elements. However, for a specific safety sign, the conditions for the
generation of the correct identification ratio of the graphic symbol elements, to the
normal vision population, are unknown; at this time, the general value of 60 is used for
z0.
A.2.2 For externally illuminated safety signs, the distance factor is affected by the
lighting level of the sign. Typically, for externally illuminated safety signs in low
lighting environments, such as safety signs illuminated by emergency lights, z0 is
multiplied by a factor of 0.5.
For externally illuminated emergency exit signs, Table 1 gives the recommended values
for z0, at different lighting levels. The same value for z0 can also be applied to the
auxiliary direction arrows for external lighting.
Note: When the illuminance range is exceeded for about 200 lx, the value of z0 changes linearly with the logarithm
of the illuminance.
For internally illuminated safety signs, the distance factor is affected by the brightness
and brightness contrast of the safety sign. A generalized numerical value for the distance
factor is not available. By using a longer viewing distance in a dark environment, the
test method of GB/T 16903.3 can be used.
For internally illuminated emergency exit signs, Table A.2 gives the recommended
values for z0, under different brightness conditions, with white contrasting colors. The
same value for z0 also applies to the auxiliary direction arrows for interior lighting.
Note: The value of z0 changes approximately linearly with the logarithm of the brightness, when it exceeds the
brightness range up to about 50 cd/m2.
A.2.3 The visual acuity of visually impaired people is low. For people with 6/60 visual
acuity, z0 is multiplied by a factor of 0.1.
Note: The numerical visual acuity, which is equivalent to 6/60, is 0.1. The numerical visual
acuity, which is equivalent to 6/6 visual acuity of the normal vision population, is 1.
A.3 Distance factor for viewing safety signs from different angles
When the safety sign is observed, at a certain angle to the normal line of the safety sign,
the projected size of the sign will be reduced, thus reducing the observation distance,
that can correctly identify the elements of the graphic symbol. For internally illuminated
or externally illuminated safety signs, which have Lambertian brightness characteristics,
if α is the angle between the line of sight and the normal line of the sign (located at the
center of the sign), THEN, the distance factor of the angle zα is calculated by the
following formula:
zα = z0 cosα
For example, when viewing the safety sign, at an angle of 30°, 45° or 60° from the
normal to the safety sign, z0 shall be multiplied by 0.87, 0.71 or 0.5, respectively.
The viewing distance of the safety sign, which has the same degree of identifiability of
the graphic symbol elements, forms a circle, which has a diameter of z0. Figure A.2
shows a ring, in the vertical and horizontal planes. In three-dimensional space, these
rings form the outer surface of a sphere, which has a diameter of z0.
......
GB 2893-2008
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 01.080.01
A 26
Replacing GB 2893-2001
Safety colors
(ISO 3864-1:2002, Graphical symbols - Safety colors and safety signs - Part
1: Design principles for safety signs in workplaces and public areas, MOD)
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 11, 2008
IMPLEMENTED ON: OCTOBER 01, 2009
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of PRC;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions ... 4
4 Color characterization ... 7
5 Technical requirements ... 8
6 Measurement methods ... 11
Appendix A (Normative) Guidelines for the use of safety colors ... 14
A.1 Safety color ... 14
A.2 Alternated stripes of safety color and contrast color ... 14
A.3 Requirements for use ... 16
A.4 Inspection and repair ... 16
Safety colors
1 Scope
This standard specifies the test method and usage method for the color and
safety color which convey safety information.
This standard applies to the surface colors of the signal and signs which are
used in the public places, production and business organizations, transportation,
construction, warehousing and other industries, firefighting and other fields.
This standard does not apply to lighting signals as well as colors used in
navigation, inland navigation, other purposes.
2 Normative references
The provisions in following documents become the provisions of this Standard
through reference in this Standard. For the dated references, the subsequent
amendments (excluding corrections) or revisions do not apply to this Standard;
however, parties who reach an agreement based on this Standard are
encouraged to study if the latest versions of these documents are applicable.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document applies.
GB 2894 Safety signs and guideline for the use
GB/T 3978 Standard illuminants and geometric conditions
GB/T 3979 Methods for the measurement of object color
GB 5768 Road traffic signs and markings
GB 13495 Fire safety signs
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3.1
Safety color
The color that conveys the meaning of the safety information, including red,
blue, yellow, green.
3.8
Retroreflection
The reflection that the reflected light returns from the opposite direction of
the incident light. This property is maintained when the direction of incident
light varies over a wide range.
3.9
Coefficient of luminous intensity
The result of dividing the luminous intensity I of the retroreflection in the
direction of observation by the illuminance E┻ which is projected onto the
retroreflector and falls onto a plane which is perpendicular to the direction of
incidence, that is:
Where:
R - Coefficient of luminous intensity, in candelas per lux (cd·lx-1);
I - Luminous intensity, in candelas (cd);
E┻ - Luminance in perpendicular direction, in lux (lx).
3.10
Coefficient of retroreflection
The result of dividing the coefficient of retroreflective luminous intensity R by
its area A, that is:
Where:
R' - Coefficient of retroreflection, in candela per lux square (cd·lx-1·m-2);
R - Coefficient of luminous intensity, in candelas per lux (cd·lx-1);
4.2.2 White
White is used as the background color for the red, blue, green in the safety
signs. It may also be used for text and graphic symbols of safety signs.
4.3 Alternated stripes between safety color and contrast color
The alternated stripes are equal-width stripes and are inclined at about 45°.
4.3.1 Red-white alternated stripes
Indicates a safety mark that prohibits or prompts the location of fire-fighting
equipment and facilities.
4.3.2 Yellow-black alternated stripes
A safety mark indicating a dangerous location.
4.3.3 Blue-white alternated stripes
A safety mark which indicates instructions and delivers the information that it
must follow the provisions.
4.3.4 Green-white alternated stripes
A safety mark that represents a safe environment.
5 Technical requirements
The chromaticity range of the safety color shall be as shown in Figure 1 and
Table 2.
The range of safety color’s chromaticity that meets the exact color requirements
shall comply with the requirements of Table 3.
The contrast color and luminance factor of the phosphor color shall be as shown
in Figure 1 and Table 4.
The minimum coefficient of retroreflection of those which contains the
retroreflective material is as shown in Table 5.
For transillumination materials, the x and y coordinates shall be within the color
range given in Table 2; the brightness contrast shall be within the range given
in Table 6.
If meeting the following conditions, it is considered that the safety color does
not meet the requirements:
Appendix A
(Normative)
Guidelines for the use of safety colors
A.1 Safety color
A.1.1 Red
Various prohibition signs (refer to GB 2894); traffic prohibition signs (refer to GB
5768); firefighting equipment signs (refer to GB 13495); mechanical stop button,
brake, control handle of parking device; exposed parts of mechanical
equipment’s rotating parts; scale of the limit position on the instrument dial;
various danger signal flags, etc.
A.1.2 Yellow
Various warning signs (refer to GB 2894); road traffic signs and warning signs
in the markings (refer to GB 5768); warning signal flags, etc.
A.1.3 Blue
Various instruction signs (refer to GB 2894); road traffic signs and indication
marks in the markings (refer to GB 5768).
A.1.4 Green
Various prompt signs (refer to GB 2894); machine start button; safety signal
flag; first aid station, evacuation channel, safe haven, emergency shelter, etc.
A.2 Alternated stripes of safety color and contrast color
A.2.1 Red-white alternated stripes
It is applied to the protective railings and isolation piers used in transportation
and other aspects; the stripe of the LPG car tanker; the ribbon on the sign-post
of the fixed prohibition sign (as shown in Figure A.1).
A.2.2 Yellow-black alternated stripes
It is applied to parts of various machines which are easy to collide when they
work or move, such as the extension leg of the mobile crane, the end of the
boom, the lifting hook and the counterweight; the pressing device of the
shearing machine; the slider of the punching machine, etc., which has
......
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