GB/T 212-2008_English: PDF (GB/T212-2008)
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Proximate analysis of coal
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Standard ID | GB/T 212-2008 (GB/T212-2008) | Description (Translated English) | Proximate analysis of coal | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | Classification of Chinese Standard | D21 | Classification of International Standard | 73.040 | Word Count Estimation | 15,195 | Date of Issue | 2008-07-29 | Date of Implementation | 2009-04-01 | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 15334-1994; GB/T 18856.7-2002; GB/T 212-2001 | Quoted Standard | GB/T 218; GB/T 7560; GB/T 18510; GB/T 18856.1 | Adopted Standard | ISO 11722-1999, NEQ; ISO 1171-1997, NEQ; ISO 562-1998, NEQ | Drafting Organization | CCRI coal analysis laboratory | Administrative Organization | National Coal Standardization Technical Committee | Regulation (derived from) | National Standard Approval Announcement 2008 No.12 (Total No.125) | Proposing organization | China Coal Industry Association | Issuing agency(ies) | Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China; Standardization Administration of China | Summary | This standard specifies the moisture of coal and coal-water slurry, calculation method for determination of ash and volatile matter and fixed carbon. This standard applies to lignite, bituminous coal, anthracite and coal. | Standard ID | GB/T 212-2001 (GB/T212-2001) | Description (Translated English) | Proximate analysis of coal | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | Classification of Chinese Standard | D21 | Classification of International Standard | 73.04 | Word Count Estimation | 13,143 | Date of Issue | 2001/11/12 | Date of Implementation | 2002/8/1 | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 212-1991 | Quoted Standard | GB/T 218; GB/T 7560 | Adopted Standard | ISO 11722-1999, MOD; ISO 1171-1997, MOD; ISO 562-1998, MOD | Regulation (derived from) | Announcement of Newly Approved National Standards No. 2008 (No. 125 overall) 12 | Proposing organization | Coal Industry Bureau of the People Republic of China | Issuing agency(ies) | General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People Republic of China | Standard ID | GB/T 212-1991 (GB/T212-1991) | Description (Translated English) | Proximate analysis of coal | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | Classification of Chinese Standard | D21 | Word Count Estimation | 14,111 | Date of Issue | 1991/5/22 | Date of Implementation | 1992/3/1 | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB 212-1977 | Adopted Standard | ISO 348-1981 (E), NEQ; ISO 562-1981 (E), NEQ; ISO 1171-1981 (E), NEQ |
GB/T 212-2008
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 73.040
D 21
GB/T 211-2008
Replacing GB/T 212-2001, GB/T 15334-1994, GB/T 18856.7-2002
Proximate analysis of coal
(ISO 11722:1999 Solid mineral fuels - Hard coal - Determination of moisture in
the general analysis test sample by drying in nitrogen, ISO 1171:1997 Solid
mineral fuels - Determination of ash, ISO 562:1998 Hard coal and coke -
Determination of volatile matter, NEQ)
ISSUED ON: JULY 29, 2008
IMPLEMENTED ON: APRIL 01, 2009
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Determination of moisture ... 5
4 Determination of ash ... 8
5 Determination of volatiles ... 12
6 Calculation of fixed carbon ... 16
7 Conversion of air-dried base volatile matter into dry ash-free base volatile
matter and dried mineral-free base volatile matter ... 16
8 Industrial analysis of coal water mixture ... 18
Appendix A (Normative) Determination of moisture in coal - Microwave drying
method ... 21
Appendix B (Normative) Fast ash tester ... 24
Proximate analysis of coal
1 Scope
This standard specifies the methods for determining the moisture, ash, volatile
content of coal and coal water mixture as well as the method for calculating the
fixed carbon.
This standard applies to lignite, bituminous coal, anthracite, coal water mixture.
2 Normative references
The provisions in following documents become the provisions of this Standard
through reference in this Standard. For the dated references, the subsequent
amendments (excluding corrections) or revisions do not apply to this Standard;
however, parties who reach an agreement based on this Standard are
encouraged to study if the latest versions of these documents are applicable.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document applies.
GB/T 218 Determination of carbonate carbon dioxide content in coal (GB/T
218-1996, eqv ISO 925:1980)
GB/T 7560 Determination of mineral matter in coal (GB/T 7560-2001, eqv
ISO 602:1983)
GB/T 18510 Guideline for the validation of alternative methods of analysis
for coal and coke
GB/T 18856.1 Test methods for quality of coal water mixture - Part 1:
Sampling for coal water mixture
3 Determination of moisture
This chapter specifies three methods for determining the moisture content of
coal. Among them, method A is applicable to all coal types; method B is only
applicable to bituminous coal and anthracite; microwave drying method (see
Appendix A) is suitable for rapid determination of moisture content of lignite and
bituminous coal.
In the case of arbitration analysis, it is necessary to use the method A to
determine the moisture content of the coal sample for general analysis test
when using the moisture of coal sample for general analysis test for calibration
3.1.4 Test procedure
3.1.4.1 In a pre-dried and weighed weighing bottle, weigh (1 ± 0.1) g of coal
sample for general analysis test which has a particle size of less than 0.2 mm,
accurate to 0.0002 g; spread it flatly in the weighing bottle.
3.1.4.2 Open the lid of the weighing bottle and put it into a drying box (3.1.3.1)
that has been pre-filled with dry nitrogen and heated to (105 ~ 110) °C.
Anthracite is dried for 1.5 hours, whilst lignite and anthracite are dried for 2
hours. At 10 min before putting the weighing bottle in the drying box, start
leading in nitrogen, at a flow rate of 15 times per hour.
3.1.4.3 Take out the weighing bottle from the drying box; immediately cover it;
put it in a desiccator and cool it to room temperature (about 20 min); weigh it.
3.1.4.4 Perform inspecting drying for 30 min each time, until the mass of the
continuously dried coal sample is not reduced by more than 0.0010 g or the
mass is increased. In the latter case, the previous mass is used as the basis for
calculation. When the moisture is less than 2.00%, no inspection drying is
necessary.
3.2 Method B (air drying method)
3.2.1 Method summary
Weigh a certain amount of coal sample for general analysis test; place them in
blast drying oven at (105 ~ 110) °C; dry them in an air stream to a constant
mass. The mass fraction of water is calculated from the mass loss of the coal
sample.
3.2.2 Instrumentation
3.2.2.1 Blast drying oven: It is equipped with an automatic temperature control
device, which can keep the temperature in the range of (105 ~ 110) °C.
3.2.2.2 Glass weighing bottle: Same as 3.1.3.2.
3.2.2.3 Dryer: Same as 3.1.3.3.
3.2.2.4 Analytical balance: Same as 3.1.3.6.
3.2.3 Test procedure
3.2.3.1 In a pre-dried and weighed weighing bottle, weigh (1 ± 0.1) g of the coal
sample for general analysis test which has a particle size of less than 0.2 mm,
accurate to 0.0002 g; flatly spread it in the weighing bottle.
3.2.3.2 Open the lid of the weighing bottle and put it in a drying box (3.2.2.1)
0.2 mm, accurate to 0.002 g; evenly spread it in an ash dish, so that the mass
per square centimeter does not exceed 0.08 g.
4.2.1.3.4 Put the ash dish containing coal samples on the conveyor of the fast
ash tester, then the ash dish is automatically sent into the furnace.
4.2.1.3.5 When the ash dish is sent out of the furnace, remove it; place it on a
heat-resistant porcelain plate or asbestos plate; cool it in air for about 5 min.
Transfer it in a desiccator to cool it to room temperature (about 20 min). Weigh
it.
4.2.2 Method B
4.2.2.1 Method summary
The ash dish containing the coal sample is gradually sent from the outside of
the furnace into a muffle furnace which was preheated to (815 ± 10) °C and
ashed and burned to a constant mass. The mass fraction of the residue to the
mass of the coal sample is taken as the ash content of the coal sample.
4.2.2.2 Instruments and equipment: Same as 4.1.2.
4.2.2.3 Test procedure
4.2.2.3.1 In an ash dish pre-burned to a constant mass, weigh (1 ± 0.1) g of
coal sample for general analysis test with a particle size of less than 0.2 mm,
accurate to 0.0002 g. Uniformly and flatly spread it in an ash dish so that the
mass per square centimeter does not exceed 0.15 g. Dispense the ash dishes
containing coal samples on heat-resistant porcelain plates or asbestos plates
in advance.
4.2.2.3.2 Heat the muffle furnace to 850 °C; open the furnace door; slowly push
the heat-resistant porcelain plate or asbestos plate with the ash dish into the
muffle furnace; first place the coal sample in the first row of gray dish to ash.
When the coal sample no longer emits smoke after (5 ~ 10) minutes, push the
remaining rows of ash dishes sequentially into the hot part of the furnace at a
speed of not more than 2 cm per minute (if the coal sample catches fire, the
test shall be abolished).
4.2.2.3.3 Close the furnace door and leave a gap of about 15 mm in the furnace
door; burn it at (815 ± 15) °C for 40 minutes.
4.2.2.3.4 Take out the ash dish from the furnace; cool it in the air for about 5
minutes; move it into a desiccator to cool to room temperature (about 20
minutes); weigh it.
4.2.2.3.5 Perform inspective burning at (815 ± 10) °C for 20 min each time, until
the mass of the continuously dried coal sample is not changed by more than
required that the furnace temperature be restored to (900 ± 10) °C within 3 min,
then maintained at (900 ± 10) °C, otherwise the test is invalidated. The heating
time includes the temperature recovery time.
Note: The pre-heating temperature of the muffle furnace can be adjusted according to
the specific conditions of the muffle furnace, to ensure that the furnace temperature is
restored to (900 ± 10) °C within 3 minutes after placing in the crucible and crucible
holder.
5.3.3 Take out the crucible from the furnace; cool it in the air for about 5 minutes;
move it into a desiccator and cool to room temperature (about 20 minutes);
weigh it.
5.4 Classification of coke slag characteristics
The characteristics of coke slag obtained from the determination of volatiles are
distinguished according to the following requirements:
a) Powder (type 1): All powder, no particles sticking to each other;
b) Adhesion (type 2): It becomes powder or basically power by gentle
touching it with fingers, wherein the larger clumps become powder by
gentle touching;
c) Weak adhesion (type 3): It becomes small block once gently pressed by
fingers;
d) Non-melt bonding (type 4): It is cracked into small pieces by forced
pressing with fingers; the upper surface of the coke slag is dull, whilst the
lower surface is slightly silvery white;
e) Non-swelling fusion bonding (type 5): Coke slag forms flat blocks; the
boundaries of coal particles are not easy to distinguish; the upper surface
of the coke slag has a clear silver-white metallic luster, whilst the lower
surface has a more obvious silver-white luster;
f) Micro-swelling fusion bonding (type 6): It is not broken by finger pressing;
the upper and lower surfaces of the coke slag have a silver-white metallic
luster, but the surface of the coke slag has relatively small swelling
bubbles (or small blisters);
g) Swelling, melting and sticking (type 7): The upper and lower surfaces of
the coke slag have a silver-white metallic luster, which is obviously swelled,
but the height does not exceed 15 mm;
h) Strong-swelling, melting, bonding (type 8): The upper and lower surfaces
of the coke slag have a silver-white metallic luster; the coke slag’s height
is greater than 15 mm.
Where:
Vdmmf - Mass fraction of dry mineral-free base volatile matter, %;
MMad - Mass fraction of air-dried base coal sample minerals (determined in
accordance with GB/T 7560), %.
8 Industrial analysis of coal water mixture
8.1 Preparation of analysis samples
8.1.1 Preparation of coal water mixture specimen
Before the test, stir the coal water mixture specimen to make it free from hard
and soft sediments and in a uniform state.
8.1.2 Preparation of dry specimen of coal water mixture
Prepare a dry specimen of coal water mixture in accordance with the method
specified in GB/T 18856.1.
8.2 Determination of moisture in coal water mixture
8.2.1 Method summary
Weigh a certain amount of evenly stirred coal water mixture specimen; put it in
a drying box at (105 ~ 110) °C; dry it in air flow to constant mass. Then calculate
the mass fraction of moisture in the coal water mixture based on the mass loss
of the coal water mixture.
8.2.2 Instrumentation
Same as 3.2.2.
8.2.3 Test procedure
8.2.3.1 Weigh (1.2 ~ 1.5) g of evenly stirred coal water mixture (accurate to
0.0004 g) in a pre-dried weighing bottle of known mass; quickly add the lid and
weigh it. After weighing, spread flatly the coal water mixture on the bottom of
the weighing bottle.
8.2.3.2 Open the lid of the weighing bottle; put the weighing bottle with coal
water mixture into a drying box that has been blasted and heated to (105 ~
110) °C; dry it under blast conditions for 1 h.
8.2.3.3 Take out the weighing bottle from the drying box; immediately put the lid
on the dryer; cool it to room temperature (about 20 min) and weigh it.
Appendix A
(Normative)
Determination of moisture in coal - Microwave drying method
A.1 Scope
This appendix specifies a method for the fast determination of moisture in the
coal sample for general analysis test by microwave drying.
This method is suitable for the fast determination of moisture in lignite and
bituminous coal.
A.2 Method summary
Weigh a certain amount of coal sample for general analysis test and place them
in a microwave moisture tester. The magnetron in the furnace emits non-
ionizing microwaves, which causes water molecules to vibrate at very high
speeds, generate frictional heat, quickly evaporate moisture in the coal.
Calculate moisture based on the mass loss of coal sample.
A.3 Instrumentation
A.3.1 Microwave moisture tester (hereinafter referred to as moisture meter): It
is equipped with a program controller; the input power is about 1000 W. The
instrument is equipped with a glass-ceramic glass turntable with an asbestos
pad with a marking ring and a thickness of about 2 mm.
A.3.2 Glass weighing bottle: Same as 3.1.3.2.
A.3.3 Dryer: Same as 3.1.3.3.
A.3.4 Analytical balance: Same as 3.1.3.6.
A.3.5 Beaker: Capacity is about 250 mL.
A.4 Test procedure
A.4.1 In a pre-dried and weighed weighing bottle, weigh (1 ± 0.1) g of coal
sample for general analysis test which has a particle size of less than 0.2 mm,
accurate to 0.0002 g; spread it evenly in the weighing bottle.
A.4.2 Place a beaker containing approximately 80 mL of distilled water which
has a capacity of approximately 250 mL on a turntable in the water meter; after
heating it for 10 minutes with a preheating program, remove the beaker. If
several measurements are to be carried out continuously, it is only necessary
to preheat before the first measurement.
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