GB/T 2007.1-1987 PDF English
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| GB/T 2007.1-1987 | English | 190 |
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General rules for the sampling and sample preparation of minerals in bulk -- Sampling by manual method
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GB/T 2007.1-1987: General rules for the sampling and sample preparation of minerals in bulk -- Sampling by manual method
---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT2007.1-1987
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
UDC 622-3.543.05
Replacing GB 2007-1980
General Rules for the Sampling and Sample
Preparation of Minerals in Bulk Sampling by Manual
Method
APPROVED ON. DECEMBER 15, 1987
Implemented on: OCTOBER 01, 1988
Approved by. National Bureau of Standards
Table of Contents
1 Scope of Application... 3
2 Normative References... 3
3 Terms and Definitions... 3
4 General Rules... 6
5 Sampling... 7
Additional Information... 14
General Rules for the Sampling and Sample
Preparation of Minerals in Bulk Sampling by Manual
Method
1 Scope of Application
This General Rule is applicable to the selection of samples for the inspection the
chemical composition, water content, particle size and other physical items of batches
of fluorspar (i.e., fluorite), alumina, talc, manganese ore, iron ore, chromium ore in bulk.
Other bulk mineral products such as. barite, magnesia, feldspar, clay, plaster,
limestone, dolomite, magnesite, etc. can also be implemented by reference.
When formulating a manual sampling method standard for a particular bulk mineral
product, this general rule should be used as a guiding document.
2 Normative References
GB 2007.2 General Rules for the Sampling and Sample Preparation of Minerals
in Bulk - Manual Method of Sample Preparation
GB 2007.3 General Rules for the Sampling and Sample Preparation of Minerals
in Bulk - Experimental Method for Evaluation of Quality Variation
GB 2007.4 General Rules for the Sampling and Sample Preparation of Minerals
in Bulk - Experimental Methods for Checking the Precision and Bias
GB 2007.5 General Rules for the Sampling and Sample Preparation of Minerals
in Bulk - Experimental Method for Checking the Bias of Sampling
GB 2007.6 General Rules for the Sampling and Sample Preparation of Minerals
in Bulk - Determination of Moisture Content-Heat Drying Method
GB 2007.7 General Rules for the Sampling and Sample Preparation of Minerals
in Bulk - Determination of Moisture Content-Heat Drying Method
3 Terms and Definitions
3.1 Manual sampling. A method of using manual sampling tools (including the use of
mechanical aids) to collect incremental samples to form duplicate samples and bulk
samples.
3.2 Batch. A certain mass of ores that are processed or produced under the same
assumptions.
3.3 Delivery batch. A batch of bulk ore of the same specification that is delivered at one
time is regarded as a delivery batch, which may consist of one or more batches.
3.4 Lot or delivery lot. The mass of the ores that constitute a batch or a delivery batch.
3.5 Basic lot. The minimum mass of a batch ores that is specified in the sampling
standard.
3.6 Incremental sample. A sample that is taken from a point or a part of a delivered
batch of ore according to the specified mass.
3.7 Duplicate sample. A sample that is composed of two or more incremental samples
of a delivered batch of ore or after crushing and shrinking them one by one.
3.8 Bulk sample. A sample that is composed of all the incremental samples or all the
duplicate samples of a delivery batch, or after crushing and shrinking them one by one.
3.9 Specimen. A sample that is prepared from each incremental sample, duplicate
sample or bulk sample according to the specified sample preparation method for
determination of particle size, moisture content, chemical composition or other physical
properties.
3.10 Maximum particle size. the sieve hole size at the sieve residue of about 5%.
NOTE. The maximum particle size of the delivery batch may be estimated based on past
experience or through tests, and may also be estimated by visual inspection.
3.11 Particle size distribution. A group of particles of a certain mass divided by particle
size, which is expressed by a mass percentage.
3.12 Stratified sampling. Divide the delivery batch into several layers, and take sample
from different layers according to the mass ratio.
3.13 Systematic sampling. Take incremental samples from a delivery batch at a certain
time or mass interval. The initial incremental samples are randomly sampled from the
first interval.
3.14 Two-stage sampling. First select the first-stage sampling unit from the delivery
batch; and then take incremental samples from the selected first-stage unit.
3.15 Error. The difference between the measured value and the true value.
4.7 When the delivery lot is large, the number of sampling units shall be calculated
according to 3.24.Each sampling unit shall be sampled and measured separately; and
the results of each sampling unit shall be weighted and averaged according to the
mass as the inspection result of the delivery batch.
4.8 The component analysis samples shall be kept properly for at least 6 months as
needed for verification.
4.9 Pay attention to safety operation during the entire sampling process.
5 Sampling
5.1 General procedures for manual sampling
5.1.1 Verify the sampling unit and its mass of the delivery batch or batch.
5.1.2 Determine the usage of the sample and the quality characteristics items to be
inspected.
5.1.3 Determine the amounts of incremental samples and the capacity of the required
sampling tools according to the maximum particle size.
5.1.4 Determine the quality fluctuation type of the delivery batch and the number of
incremental samples that are required to achieve the specified sampling precision.
5.1.5 When using systematic or stratified sampling, determine the minimum number of
incremental samples to be taken from the delivery batch. When using two-stage
sampling, first determine the number of trucks to be taken from all trucks; and then
take the incremental samples from the selected trucks.
5.1.6 In the systematic sampling method and the stratified sampling method, the
interval of each incremental sample shall be determined according to time or mass.
When sampling trucks, the interval of each incremental sample shall be determined on
the basis of mass.
5.1.7 Decide on the sampling location and the method of taking incremental samples.
5.1.8 Determine the combination method of the incremental samples, and then
compose duplicate samples or bulk samples as required.
5.1.9 The incremental samples that are obtained according to the method of this
general rule shall be prepared according to GB 2007.2.
5.2 Sampling tools
a. Pointed steel spade;
The calculated number is the minimum number of increment samples, which may only
be increased but not reduced. For samples with unknown quality fluctuations and
particle size tests need to be conducted, the number of increment samples shall be
taken according to the large quality fluctuations. When the sample is used to determine
more than one quality characteristics, the number of incremental samples shall be
taken according to the large quality fluctuations during the sampling period.
5.3.2 The calculation of the number of incremental samples that shall be taken when
the lot is increased.
Where.
n1 – the number of incremental samples that shall be taken when the lot is increased;
n – the number of incremental samples that shall be taken from the basic lot specified
in the sampling standard;
Q – actual lot, in t;
Q1 – basic lot, in t.
5.4 The amounts of incremental samples
Determine the mass of each incremental sample according to the maximum particle
size.
5.4.1 The taken amounts of incremental samples shall be approximately equal; and
their mass variation shall be less than 20% in terms of the coefficient of variation CV.
5.4.2 When the taken amounts of incremental samples can’t be roughly equal
(CV >20%), each incremental sample shall be prepared separately and measured
separately; or in the appropriate sample preparation stage, when the masses of the
divided incremental samples are approximately equal, which may be combined into
duplicate samples or bulk samples.
NOTE. The number and amounts of incremental samples to be taken for various ores shall be
implemented in accordance with the provisions in the ore sampling standards. When the
calculated sample mass is less than the required test sample, the number and amounts of
incremental samples shall be increased.
5.5 The method of composing a bulk sample or a duplicate sample
Any one of the following methods may be adopted as required (see Figures 2~4).
fixed interval has been finished, while the loading, unloading, processing or weighing
of the ore is still in progress; then the incremental samples shall be continued to take
at the original interval until the movement of entire batch of ore is completed.
If sampling from a stopped conveyor belt, take the incremental samples from the
specified location along the direction of running, the length of which shall be greater
than three times the maximum particle size and the entire width and thickness of the
ore stream. If sampling from a moving conveyor belt, the entire width and thickness of
the ore stream may be taken from the dropping position.
If sampling during the loading and unloading or stacking processes by grabs, slings,
forklifts and other tools, samples shall be taken on the newly exposed surface during
loading and unloading or stacking; or samples may be taken from loading and
unloading tools; and the sampling points shall be evenly distributed in all parts of the
whole batch of ore, not only its surface or a certain part. The diameter of the sampling
point is about 3 times the maximum particle size, but no less than 100mm.
The particle size ratio of the taken incremental sample shall be consistent with that of
the sampling interval or sampling location. The particle size ratio of the taken bulk
sample shall be roughly consistent with the particle size distribution of the entire batch
of ore.
5.6.2 Stratified sampling method
During the loading and unloading and processing of a batch of ore, samples are taken
in several layers (no less than three layers). According to the mass of each layer, the
incremental samples are taken from evenly-distributed points on the newly-exposed
surface in proportion. At the same time, attention must be paid to the particle size ratio
so that the particle size ratio of the incremental samples in each layer is consistent with
the particle size distribution of the ore in that layer; and the range of sampling points is
the same as that in 5.6.1.
The number of incremental samples taken from each layer shall be calculated as per
Formula (4).
(if there is decimal value, it shall be rounded off to an integer)
Where.
n1 – the number of incremental samples that shall be taken per layer;
n – the specified number of incremental samples;
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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