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Standard ID | GB/T 18494.3-2023 (GB/T18494.3-2023) | Description (Translated English) | Converter transformers -- Part 3: Application guide | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | Classification of Chinese Standard | K41 | Classification of International Standard | 29.180 | Word Count Estimation | 74,711 | Date of Issue | 2023-03-17 | Date of Implementation | 2023-10-01 | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 18494.3-2012 | Drafting Organization | Shenyang Transformer Research Institute Co., Ltd., TBEA Shenyang Transformer Group Co., Ltd., Shunte Electric Equipment Co., Ltd., Liaoning Huaye Group Development Co., Ltd., Xiangtan Huaxia Special Transformer Co., Ltd., Chint Electric Co., Ltd., Xi'an Xidian Transformer Co., Ltd. Company, China Southern Power Grid Research Institute Co., Ltd., Pearl Electric Co., Ltd., Baoding Tianwei Baobian Electric Co., Ltd., Wolong Electric Group Beijing Huatai Transformer Co., Ltd., TBEA Hengyang Transformer Co., Ltd., Tianjin TBEA Transformer Co., Ltd., Changzhou Xidian Transformer Co., Ltd., Wujiang Transformer Co., Ltd., Haihong Electric Co., Ltd., Baoding Tianwei Shunda Transformer Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Jiangshan Transformer Co., Ltd., Chongqing Xianglong Electric Co., Ltd., | Administrative Organization | National Transformer Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 44) | Issuing agency(ies) | China Electrical Equipment Industry Association | Standard ID | GB/T 18494.3-2012 (GB/T18494.3-2012) | Description (Translated English) | Converter transformers. Part 3: Application guide | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | Classification of Chinese Standard | K41 | Classification of International Standard | 29.180 | Word Count Estimation | 60,613 | Quoted Standard | GB 1094.1-1996, GB 1094.3-2003, GB/T 3859.1, GB/T 3859.2, GB/T 3859.3, GB/T 3859.4, GB 10230.1, GB/T 10230.2, GB/T 13499-2002, GB/T 18494.1-2001, GB/T 18494.2-2007, IEC 60296, IEC 60422, IEC 60567, IEC 60599-1999 | Adopted Standard | IEC 61378-3-2006, MOD | Drafting Organization | Shenyang Transformer Research Institute | Administrative Organization | National Standardization Technical Committee transformer | Regulation (derived from) | National Standards Bulletin No. 13 of 2012 | Proposing organization | China Electrical Equipment Industry Association | Issuing agency(ies) | General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China | Summary | This standard specifies the Transformers for HVDC transmission used in the design, construction, testing and operation of the power system with a conventional transformer. In addition, the manufacturing gives GB/T 18494. 1 and GB/T 18494. 2 technical back |
GB/T 18494:3-2023
ICS29:180
CCSK41
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Replace GB/T 18494:3-2012
Converter transformers part 3 : guidelines for application
(IEC 61378-3:2015, MOD)
Released on 2023-03-17
2023-10-01 implementation
State Administration for Market Regulation
Released by the National Standardization Management Committee
table of contents
Preface III
Introduction V
1 Range 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and Definitions 1
4 symbols 1
5 rating 2
6 Winding structure 3
7 Tapping and Impedance - HVDC Applications 12
8 Insulation requirements and insulation test 13
9 Loss 18
10 Iron core and noise 28
11 Technical specifications 31
12 Calculation of short circuit current 42
13 components 44
14 Maintenance 48
15 Monitoring 54
16 Design Review of Converter Transformers 58
Reference 64
Fig:1 Schematic diagram of 6-pulse bridge 3
Figure 2 Schematic diagram of 12-pulse bridge 4
Figure 3: The windings of two converter transformers are connected as star-delta connection and star-star connection or as angle-delta connection and delta-star connection to obtain valve side voltage
There is a 30° phase difference between pressure4
Figure 4 It is preferred to use corner joints or zigzag joints with a phase shift of 15°4
Figure 5 Double anti-star connectionFigure 5
Figure 6 Saturated reactor wiring diagram 6
Fig: 7 Open-phase connection principle of coarse and fine adjustment autotransformer Fig: 7
Fig: 8 Closed-phase connection principle of conventional autotransformer with coarse and fine adjustment Fig: 7
Fig:9 Closed-phase connection schematic diagram of multi-stage coarse-tuning conventional autotransformer 8
Fig: 10 Schematic diagram of closed-phase connection of step-up autotransformer with coarse and fine adjustment 8
Fig: 11 Schematic diagram of coarse and fine tuning autotransformer open-phase connection diagram 9
Figure 12 Schematic diagram of closed-phase connection of coarse and fine adjustment dual-winding transformers 9
Figure 13 Two basic arrangements of double-winding converter transformers10
Figure 14 Public Mutual Impedance 11
Figure 15 Typical Impedance 13
Figure 16 Typical industrial converter transformer insulation system components 14
Figure 17 Equivalent RC circuit of insulation system 15
Figure 18 Voltage distribution before and after polarity reversal16
Figure 19 AC/DC conversion diagram 17
Fig: 20 Leakage magnetic field of three-winding converter transformer with close-coupled valve-side windings 21
Fig: 21 Leakage magnetic field of three-winding converter transformer with no coupling of valve side windings 22
Figure 22 Leakage field of three-winding converter transformer with double concentric loosely coupled windings on the valve side 23
Fig: 23 Leakage field of three-winding converter transformer with two valve side windings axially separated and loosely coupled 24
Figure 24 Short circuit fault condition 42
Figure 25 Arrangement of casing on the valve side Figure 46
Figure 26 Examples of AC, DC and mixed electric field distribution near HVDC bushings and related insulation systems 47
Table 1 Double winding arrangement 11
Table 2 Harmonic current load loss calculation 25
Table 3 Monitoring type 56
foreword
This document is in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1:1-2020 "Guidelines for Standardization Work Part 1: Structure and Drafting Rules for Standardization Documents"
drafting:
This document is part 3 of GB/T 18494 "Converter Transformers": GB/T 18494 has issued the following parts:
--- Part 1: Industrial converter transformers;
--- Part 2: Converter transformers for HVDC transmission;
--- Part 3: Application guidelines:
This document replaces GB/T 18494:3-2012 "Converter Transformers Part 3: Application Guidelines", and is consistent with GB/T 18494:3-2012
In addition to structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows:
---Changed the scope of application (see Chapter 1);
--- Added the need to distinguish between sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal grid-side voltages in the design of converter transformers (see Chapter 5);
---In the 12-pulse wave connection group diagram, the DyYy and DdYd connection methods are added; the third winding with filtering and compensation is added
Industrial equipment needs to consider the fact that the actual current is larger than the rated value (see 6:1);
---Optimized the style of the connection diagram; added the types of autotransformer introduction, including the autotransformer with coarse adjustment and fine adjustment
Open-phase schematic diagram, closed-phase schematic diagram of double-winding transformer with coarse adjustment and fine adjustment, etc: (see 6:2 and 6:3);
---Changed the temperature rise limit of hybrid insulation from "105°C" to "Refer to the limit allowed in 6:2 of GB/T 1094:2-2013",
Prompt that the application method of the new insulating material can be obtained from GB/T 1094:14 (see 8:1:2);
--- Increased the current distribution, loss and hot spot temperature rise of high-current windings (see 9:1:3);
--- Added the content of the stray increase in the loss of the loose coupling of the rectifier (see 9:1:5);
--- Increase the introduction of the transformer connected to the voltage source converter (see 9:1:8);
--- Increased the content considered in the temperature rise test of industrial converter transformers (see 9:2:5);
--- Added content about hot spots of oil tanks of industrial converter transformers (see 9:2:6);
--- Added the relevant content of the saturable reactor iron core and the balanced reactor iron core in the fuel tank (see 10:1:1);
--- Added the influence of harmonics on the core of the converter transformer (see 10:1:2);
--- Added content about the impact of the balanced reactor core design on noise (see 10:2:1);
--- Change the oil breakdown voltage and acid value test from once every two years to at least once a year (see 14:2:2);
--- Added a chapter on the design review of industrial and HVDC converter transformers (see Chapter 16):
This document is modified to adopt IEC 61378-3:2015 "Converter Transformers Part 3: Application Guidelines":
The technical differences between this document and IEC 61378-3:2015 and their reasons are as follows:
---In order to adapt to the technical conditions of our country, IEC 60076-5, IEC 60076-5,
GB/T 1094:14 replaces IEC 60076-14:2013 (see 8:1:2, Chapter 12 and 16:3:4:3);
---Considering the different requirements for rated current in GB/T 18494:1-2014 and GB/T 18494:2-2022, in order to take into account my
According to the actual situation in China, the interpretation of ILN and Kh has been adjusted according to the situation in my country, and the current ratio kh, rated current
Symbol and interpretation of flow Ir and resistive loss IrR at rated current (see Clause 4);
---Considering the different requirements for rated current in GB/T 18494:1-2014 and GB/T 18494:2-2022, in order to take into account my
According to the actual situation of the country, the content of the rated value has been revised respectively (see the first paragraph, the second paragraph and the last paragraph in Chapter 5);
---In order to avoid misunderstanding, the words "when one converter transformer is connected as positive sequence" and "another converter transformer" in the original text of IEC are deleted:
The letter mark given in the brackets behind it when the connection is negative sequence" (see paragraph 1 above Figure 4 in 6:1);
---Considering that the marking habits of transformer terminals in my country are different from those in foreign countries, in order to take into account the actual situation in our country, the three-phase terminals of transformers are marked
The flag is changed from "U, V and W" to "A, B and C" (see Figures 7 to 12 in 6:2:3);
---Considering the difference in impedance deviation requirements for industrial converter transformers and HVDC power transmission converter transformers in my country, for
In order to take into account the actual situation in our country, the content of impedance deviation has been modified: For industrial converter transformers, the requirements are the same as
The original text of IEC is consistent; for HVDC power transmission converter transformers, the requirements are in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 18494:2-2022 (see paragraph 6 of 7:2);
---The rated power frequency of the power supply in our country is 50Hz: In order to meet the actual situation in our country, the 60Hz in the original IEC text is deleted, and only 50Hz is reserved (see 9:1:6);
--- In order to be compatible with the technical content of our standards, the monitoring item "repetitive shock waveform (RSO) or low
Impulse voltage test response" (see 15:3:3):
The following editorial changes have been made to this document:
--- The content of the introduction has been adjusted;
--- Adjusted the order of titles and symbols in Chapter 4;
--- Deleted the last paragraph in 8:2:2;
--- Correct the clause number 9:1:5 mentioned in 9:2:3 to 9:1:6;
--- Deleted the second paragraph of 13:2:1;
--- The letter C representing the valve side is added to Figure 25a) of 13:2:5;
--- Deleted footnote 3 in 15:3:3;
--- The references have been adjusted:
Please note that some contents of this document may refer to patents: The issuing agency of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents:
This document is proposed by China Electrical Equipment Industry Association:
This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Transformer Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC44):
This document is drafted by: Shenyang Transformer Research Institute Co:, Ltd:, TBEA Shenyang Transformer Group Co:, Ltd:, Shunte Electric Equipment
Co:, Ltd:, Liaoning Huaye Group Development Co:, Ltd:, Xiangtan Huaxia Special Transformer Co:, Ltd:, Chint Electric Co:, Ltd:, Xi'an West
Electric Transformer Co:, Ltd:, China Southern Power Grid Science Research Institute Co:, Ltd:, Pearl Electric Co:, Ltd:, Baoding Tianwei Power Transformer
Gas Co:, Ltd:, Wolong Electric Group Beijing Huatai Transformer Co:, Ltd:, TBEA Hengyang Transformer Co:, Ltd:, Tianjin TBEA
Electrician Transformer Co:, Ltd:, Changzhou Xidian Transformer Co:, Ltd:, Wujiang Transformer Co:, Ltd:, Haihong Electric Co:, Ltd:, Baoding Tian
Weishunda Transformer Co:, Ltd:, Zhejiang Jiangshan Transformer Co:, Ltd:, Chongqing Xianglong Electric Co:, Ltd:, Xuchang Zhongtianyu Optoelectronics
Gas Technology Co:, Ltd:, Guangdong Kaikai Electric Co:, Ltd:
The main drafters of this document: Zhang Xianzhong, Li Guiping, Li Xia, Sun Tao, Zhang Ximing, Li Jinbiao, Wang Tao, Lei Yuanyuan, Cai Dingguo, Wang Qingpu,
He Baozhen, Tan Lijun, Zhao Wenzhong, Wu Guoliang, Lin Canhua, Liang Qingning, Qin Jinli, Jiang Zhenjun, Chen Hengyun, Shi Yulin, Xu Kaixuan:
The previous versions of the documents replaced by this document are as follows:
---First published as GB/T 18494:3-2012 in:2012;
--- This is the first revision:
introduction
0:1 Overview
The formulation of the converter transformer standard is to establish a set of optimal evaluation criteria for the converter transformer, and provide a basis for the production of the converter transformer from the production materials:
Provide guidance on matters needing attention in selection, product design, product production, product inspection, product selection and operation and maintenance:
GB/T 18494 aims to establish principles and relevant regulations applicable to the design, manufacture, test methods, operation and maintenance of converter transformers, etc:
Then, it is proposed to consist of 3 parts:
--- Part 1: Industrial converter transformers: The purpose is to establish applicable to various industries (such as: copper, aluminum smelting and some gas power plants)
solution) with the technical requirements and test requirements of the converter transformer:
--- Part 2: Converter transformers for HVDC transmission: The purpose is to establish suitable for all kinds of high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission
Converter transformer technical requirements and test requirements, etc:
--- Part 3: Application guidelines: The purpose is to give the technical background of Parts 1 and 2, and to provide a general introduction to various types of industrial rheology:
Provide guidance on the practical application of transformers and various converter transformers for HVDC transmission:
GB/T 18494 clarifies the technical requirements of various industrial converter transformers and HVDC power transmission converter transformers through three parts:
Sum test requirements, and provide guidance for the practical application of these two types of products: By establishing clear scope, terminology, and technical requirements for various products,
Requirements, test methods, practical application guidance, etc:, so that producers, users and relevant test personnel can operate more clearly and accurately, so that
Design and manufacture high-quality products, and make them reasonably applied, better promote trade, exchanges and technical cooperation, and contribute to the normalization of my country's power grid
Guaranteed regular operation:
This document contains two types of products applicable to GB/T 18494:1-2014 and GB/T 18494:2-2022, applicable to 0:2~
0:14 covered content: GB/T 18494:1-2014 applies to power converters of any capacity (typical applications include crystal
Thyristor rectifiers, diode rectifiers for electrolysis, thyristor rectifiers for high power drives, thyristor rectifiers for scrap furnaces and variable speed drives
Diode rectifiers for inverters), also suitable for step-down regulators or autotransformer voltage regulation units, the maximum voltage of the valve side winding equipment is not
More than 40:5kV: GB/T 18494:2-2022 applies to converter transformers for HVDC power transmission: There are two types of HVDC power transmission systems
type, one of the "back-to-back" type and the other of the "transmission" type, the operation and evaluation of the converter transformers operating in both systems are covered in
GB/T 18494:2-2022 and this document:
Both GB/T 18494:1-2014 and GB/T 18494:2-2022 do not explicitly include the current conversion related to the voltage source converter (VSC)
transformer: Because the use of VSC is becoming more and more common, this document provides some guidance:
0:2 Ratings (Chapter 5)
In GB/T 18494:1-2014, the regulation on the rated value of the converter transformer is different from the traditional method: in tradition
In the method, the rated value of the transformer nameplate current is defined by the root mean square value of the current: GB/T 18494:1-2014 on converter transformers
The method of rating definition presents a fundamental change: Clarifies converter transformer nameplate ratings in terms of fundamental components of voltage and current
as the basis: The nameplate rating derived from the fundamental component is the basis for guaranteed impedance and loss values: In GB/T 18494:2-2022, the amount
The constant current is the root mean square of the fundamental current and the 49th harmonic and all harmonic currents before it under rated load conditions:
0:3 Winding structure (Chapter 6)
A large number of winding connections and principles have been applied to converter transformers for industrial and HVDC power transmission: Over the years, they have been continuously
development of: Most of the operating characteristics of various rectification couplings have been included in GB/T 3859 (all parts): In this document, the link
The effect of the junction on the structure of the converter transformer and some aspects of its operation are discussed:
Different pressure regulation methods are common in industrial applications, and this document provides schematic diagrams of several pressure regulation methods:
0:4 Tapping and Impedance (Chapter 7)
The impedance of the converter transformer for HVDC transmission requires special attention and requires special design schemes: The main concern is to tap across the
Limits for impedance variations within the range and for impedance differences between different converter transformers, and in some applications star and delta junctions
Limit for impedance difference between windings: This document discusses these limits and their practical application:
Usually, the tap range of a converter transformer is larger than that of a conventional transformer: This document discusses the impact of such a large tapping range on converter transformers and taps:
The effect of the switch:
0:5 Insulation and insulation test (Chapter 8)
This chapter deals with two aspects, the first is to increase the use of "hybrid insulation" insulation structures in industrial applications: Followed by HVDC power transmission
Insulation capacity of the insulation structure of the converter transformer in the external DC voltage test and in operation:
The basic principles, test methods and test voltage levels of AC and DC voltage tests are discussed: Compatible with the recommended test specification
The relevant security measures were commented on:
0:6 Loss (Chapter 9)
This document details the principles, test methods and calculation methods used in considering the effects of non-sinusoidal load currents on various types of converter transformers:
relevant content of the law:
The principle of dual-frequency test in HVDC application is described in detail with calculation examples: These loss values obtained from tests and calculations are determined as
Used in temperature rise tests as a basis for establishing oil and winding temperature gradient test currents:
0:7 Iron Core and Noise (Chapter 10)
The effects of voltage harmonics and DC bias current on core structure and performance are discussed and summarized:
The causes of noise generation and expected differences between conventional plant sound level measurements and field measurements and expectations are reviewed:
The latest methods for estimating sound levels of converter transformers are discussed:
0:8 Technical Specifications (Chapter 11)
The specifications for converter transformers differ significantly from those for power transformers: The detailed points are part of the guidance document for the preparation of technical and functional specifications:
Some guiding principles are given for which specified content should be put forward by the user and the manufacturer in the order bidding stage:
0:9 Short Circuit (Chapter 12)
In a conventional power transformer, the calculation of the short-circuit current inside the winding is only related to the reactance and resistance components of the transformer and the power supply connected to the transformer:
However, for converter transformers, it is necessary to consider that the fault current peak value generated in the converter may be higher than that of conventional power transformers:
The case of the short-circuit current peak value of the device: This situation is detailed in this document:
0:10 Components (Chapter 13)
The selection and operation of on-load tap-changers is a critical issue when designing converter transformers for industrial and HVDC transmission applications:
question: This document enumerates some principles for tap-changers to be used in these applications:
In HVDC applications, the design of the valve side bushing and its integration with the overall body are key issues:
The general requirements for bushings, structural suggestions, combination of bushings and converter transformers and test requirements are described in detail:
0:11 Maintenance (Chapter 14)
Statistics show that HVDC power transmission converter transformers require high standards of maintenance: Particular attention must be paid to the on-load tap-changer and valve side bushings:
This document presents requirements for maintenance:
0:12 Monitoring and field research (Chapter 15)
If you want to reduce on-site problems, it is recommended to conduct on-site monitoring of the converter transformer: In this context, only condition monitoring is discussed: this document
Suggestions are also put forward on the working procedures and practical operations that should be carried out after the on-site accident: These recommendations are based on investigation and research
In the initial stage, those important evidence and data will not be lost or damaged:
This chapter also discusses condition monitoring suitable for this application purpose:
0:13 Supplementary Information
When formulating this document, especially the content of HVDC converter application in GB/T 18494:2-2022, it was obviously influenced by CI-
GRE Joint Working Group 12/14:10 Impact of each monograph:
Converter transformers part 3 : guidelines for application
1 Scope
This document provides users with information on the design, structure, test and operation of industrial converter transformers and HVDC power transmission converter transformers:
information on how operating conditions differ from conventional transformers used in power systems: In addition, GB/T 18494:1-2014 and
Technical background of GB/T 18494:2-2022:
This document is applicable as a supplement to GB/T 13499-2002, but does not replace GB/T 13499-2002, because GB/T 13499-
The general principles covered in:2002 apply equally to converter transformers:
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute the essential provisions of this document through normative references in the text: Among them, dated references,
Only the version corresponding to the date applies to this document; for undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document:
GB/T 1094:1-2013 Power Transformers Part 1: General Rules (IEC 60076-1:2011, MOD)
Note: There is no technical difference between the referenced content of GB/T 1094:1-2013 and the referenced content of IEC 60076-1:2011:
GB/T 1094:5 Power transformers Part 5: Short-circuit withstand capability (GB/T 1094:5-2008, IEC 60076-5:2006, MOD)
GB/T 1094:14 Power transformers Part 14: Liquid-immersed transformers using high-temperature insulating materials (GB/T 1094:14-
2022, IEC 60076-14:2013, MOD)
GB/T 18494:1-2014 Converter Transformers Part 1: Converter Transformers for Industrial Use (IEC 61378-1:2011, MOD)
Note: There is no technical difference between the referenced content of GB/T 18494:1-2014 and the referenced content of IEC 61378-1:2011:
GB/T 18494:2-2022 Converter Transformers Part 2: Converter Transformers for High Voltage Direct Current Transmission (IEC /IEEE 60076-57-19:2017, MOD)
Note: There is no technical difference between the referenced content of GB/T 18494:2-2022 and the referenced content of IEC /IEEE60076-57-19:2017:
3 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 18494:1-2014 and GB/T 18494:2-2022 apply to this document:
4 symbols
The following symbols apply to this document:
FSE --- additional coefficient of stray loss in structural parts;
FWE --- eddy current loss additional coefficient in the winding;
fh --- frequency of h harmonic (Hz);
fX --- the frequency used to determine the distribution of eddy current losses (not less than 150Hz, only applicable to converter transformers for HVDC power transmission);
f1 ---Rated frequency, that is, the fundamental frequency (50Hz or 60Hz);
h --- harmonic times;
......
GB/T 18494.3-2012
Converter transformers Part 3. Application guide
ICS 29.180
K41
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Converter transformers
Part 3. Application guide
(IEC 61378-3.2006, MOD)
Issued on. 2012-06-29
2012-11-01 implementation
Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China
Standardization Administration of China released
Table of Contents
Introduction Ⅲ
Introduction Ⅴ
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbol and Name 2
Rating 2 5
6 winding structure 3
6.1 Overview 3
4 6.2 Industrial Applications
6.3 High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) applications 8
7 Tap and impedance --- HVDC applications 10
7.1 impedance value 10
Changes in impedance 10 7.2
8 11 insulation and dielectric tests
8.1 hybrid insulation system 11
13 8.2 Insulation Test
16 9 Loss
9.1 Overview 16
9.2 Temperature Rise Test 23
10 core and 24 noise
10.1 core 24
24 10.2 Noise
11 Technical Specifications 26
11.1 General 26
11.2 Technical Specifications and Functional Specification 26
11.3 HVDC transmission transformers Specification 27
11.4 pairs of users and producing their proposed technical specifications of notes and comments 27
Information to be provided for manufacturing 11.5 27
11.6 Quality assurance and testing program 30
11.7 Measures to reduce downtime and effectiveness 30
11.8 30 information provided by the user or the system designer
12 short circuit 37
13 assembly 39
13.1-load tap-39
40 13.2 Side Bushing
14 Maintenance 42
14.1 Overview 42
43 14.2 Oil
14.3 insulation quality 43
14.4 tap-46
47 14.5 Accessories and fittings
Monitoring 15 48
15.1 General 48
15.2 in transformer state assessment 48
15.3 Monitoring Type 48
15.4 Conclusions 51
References 52
Figure 16 Schematic 3-pulse bridge
2 12-pulse bridge Schematic 3
Figure 3 two transformers winding connection to star - angle coupling and star - the star coupler or angular - angle coupling and angle - Star coupling to give the valve side
There are 4 30 ° phase shift between the voltage
Figure 4 preferred angle epitaxial junction or a junction formed with the twists and turns 15 ° phase shift 4
Figure 5 since the saturable reactor Diagram 5
Open concept phase autotransformer Figure 6 5
Closing phase diagram in Figure 7 for a small regulator stage with coarse and fine conventional autotransformer 6
Figure 8 for a small regulator stage with coarse and fine step-up autotransformer closing phase diagram 6
9 tapped winding angle junction 7
10 tapped winding double winding design 7
Two kinds of double-winding transformer 11 arranged substantially 9
12 10 Mutual anti-
13 11 Typical impedance
Figure 14 Typical industrial element 12 with a converter transformer insulation system
15 insulation system equivalent RC circuit 13
16 reverse polarity voltage distribution 14 before and after inversion
Figure 17 AC/DC converter 15 sketch
18 valve side windings leakage field close-coupled three-winding transformer 18
19 valve leakage magnetic field without winding coupled three-winding transformer 19
20 valve double concentric winding loosely coupled three-winding transformer leakage magnetic field 20
21 two valve side windings axially split and is loosely coupled three-winding transformer leakage magnetic field 21
22 37 short-circuit fault conditions
Figure 23 Figure 40 Side Bushing arrangement
24 high voltage bushing accessories and related insulation systems AC and DC electric field distribution and composition of Example 41
Table 1 double winding arrangement 9
Foreword
GB/T 18494 series of standards under the general title "Converter transformers", and it includes the following sections.
--- Part 1. Transformers for industrial use;
--- Part 2. HVDC converter transformer;
--- Part 3. Application guide.
This section GB/T Part of 318,494.
This section drafted in accordance with GB/T 1.1-2009 given rules.
This section uses redrafted law revision using IEC 61378-3.2006 "Converter transformers - Part 3. Application Guidelines" (in English).
This part of IEC 61378-3.2006 and its technical differences for the following reasons.
--- On normative references, this section has been adjusted technical differences, in order to adapt our technical conditions, the adjusted situation
Focus is reflected in the status of Chapter 2, "Normative references", the specific adjustments are as follows.
● use equivalent to international standards of GB 1094.1 instead of IEC 60076-1;
● Modify with international standards of GB 1094.3 instead of IEC 60076-3;
● with equivalent or equivalent international standards of GB/T 3859 (all parts) in place of the IEC 60146 (all parts);
● Modify with international standards of GB 10230.1 replaces IEC 60214-1.2003;
● Modify with international standards of GB/T 10230.2 instead IEC 60214-2.2004;
● equivalents adoption of international standards GB/T 13499 instead of the IEC 60076-8.1997;
● equivalents adoption of international standards GB/T 18494.1 instead IEC 61378-1.1997;
● Modify with international standards of GB/T 18494.2 instead IEC 61378-2.2001.
--- Remove the IEC 61378-3.2006 for 11.8.4 (this corresponds to section 11.8.4) in the "In some countries, the polarity reversal test is
And long the applied dc voltage test carried out together. "Because of our products, the trials are carried out separately, so the operator
Combined with China's actual situation, remove this content.
--- Remove the IEC 61378-3.2006 for 11.8.5 (this corresponds to section 11.8.5) in "in some countries." Because this standard
Only used in our country, and therefore to remove this content.
This section also made the following editorial changes.
--- References increased by Part 10 GB 1094.10-2003 power transformers. Determination of sound levels;
--- In IEC 61378-3. under "Performance Data" 2006 heading 11.5.2.
Performance data are as follows.
--- Load loss;
--- The IEC 61378-3.2006 11.8.4 The primary column item "--- special load requirements." in the "9.1.5" to "9.1.3";
--- The IEC 61378-3.2006 in the two a column item 11.8.4 "Transformers" and "cooler" to a column item "---
Two column item sound level limits "under;
--- The IEC 61378-3. 15.3.5 2006 in the "15.2" to "15.3.4";
--- The "this International Standard" be replaced by "this section";
--- Remove IEC 61378-3.2006 Foreword.
Please note that some of the content of this document may involve patents. Release mechanism of the present document does not assume responsibility for the identification of these patents.
This part is proposed by the China Electrical Equipment Industrial Association.
This part of the National Standardization Technical Committee transformers (SAC/TC44) centralized.
This section is drafted. Shenyang Transformer Institute, Baoding Tianwei Electric Co., Ltd., Shun Special Electric Equipment Co., Ltd., special
TBEA Shenyang Transformer Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an Electric Transformer Co., Ltd., Jiangxi Transformer Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing
Xinhua Special Transformer Co., Ltd., Beijing Huatai Transformer Co., Pearl Electric Co., Ltd., Shenyang Transformer Manufacturing Co., United States
The company, Xi'an Electric change in the special limited liability company.
The main drafters of this section. Zhang Xianzhong, Li Wenping, Liu Yan, Wang Jian, Chuan Mi Long, Li Donglin, Jialing, Hebao Zhen, Caiding Guo, Sun Tao, Ren Zhen.
introduction
0 Overview
GB/T 18494 consists of three parts.
--- Part 1 for general "industrial" use of Converter transformers (eg. system for copper, aluminum smelting and electrolysis of certain gases);
--- Part 2 applies to HVDC converter transformer;
--- Part 3 of this application guide that is applicable to what is involved 0.2 to section 0.12.
GB/T 18494.1 apply to "industrial" with Converter transformers for aluminum smelting, copper refining and the production of power transformers of certain gases
It is also suitable for rolling mills and marine drive systems. Section 1 does not apply to the traction motor is installed in the car with the electrical actuator, but still
For fixed traction system converter application devices. In addition, a wide range of small capacity converter, this section and section 1
Parts are equally applicable.
GB/T 18494.2 apply to high voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission converter transformer. HVDC systems are of two types.
One for the "back to back" type, the other is "transmission" type. In both systems running transformer, its operation and evaluation are included in the
GB/T 18494.2 and out of this Part.
0.1 Rating (Chapter 5)
In GB/T 18494.1 and GB/T 18494.2, the rating of the converter transformer provisions and methods traditionally used it is not
Same. In the conventional method, the transformer nameplate current rating is the root mean square value of the current defined. GB/T 18494 Pressure swing
The method is defined by the rating proposed a fundamental change. Clarify the transformer nameplate rating to the fundamental component of voltage and current for the
basis. Derived from the fundamental component of the nameplate rating based on impedance and loss guaranteed value.
0.2 winding structure (Chapter 6)
It has a large number of winding connection and principles used in industry and the HVDC converter transformers. Over the years, they have been no
Off development. Operating characteristics of various rectifying junction, the vast majority have been included in the GB/T 3859 (semiconductor converters). In this section
The impact on the association and certain operational aspects of the transformer structure of the discussion.
Different voltage mode are common in industrial applications, this section shows several schematic regulator approach.
0.3 tap and impedance (Chapter 7)
HVDC converter transformer impedance in need of special attention and require special design. The main concern is the entire sub
Then under the scope of the impedance difference impedance change limits and the limits between the different transformers, as well as satellite knot and winding angle in some applications knot around
Differences between groups impedance limits. This section will discuss these limits and its practical application.
Typically, the converter transformer tap range than conventional transformers. This section discusses the scope of this Oita connected transformer and the tap open
Off of.
0.4 Insulation and insulation test (Chapter 8)
This chapter will cover two aspects, the first increase in the use of "hybrid insulation" of insulation in industrial applications. Followed HVDC power transmission
Transformer insulation outer applying a DC voltage test and insulation capability in running.
We discussed the basic principles of the applied AC and DC voltage test, test methods and test voltage level. And recommended to the test specification phase
Off safety measures commented.
0.5 Loss (Chapter 9)
This section details the principles when considering the impact of non-sinusoidal load current on all types of converter transformers used, test methods and calculation
Law related content.
Calculation examples with detailed experimental dual principle HVDC applications. These loss values \u200b\u200bcalculated by the test and determined as
Temperature Test for establishing a base oil and winding temperature gradient test current.
0.6 core and noise (Chapter 10)
Voltage harmonics and DC bias current on the structure and properties of the core are discussed and summarized.
The causes of noise generated by the expected differences in conventional plant noise measured value with the measured value and the expected values \u200b\u200bwere reviewed.
We discussed the latest methods to estimate the converter transformer noise.
0.7 Technical Specifications (Chapter 11)
Converter transformers and power transformer specifications significantly different. The point is that the preparation of detailed technical specifications and functional specifications guidance documents
a part of.
In the order given in the tender stage, users and manufacturers each side should be some guidelines which specify the contents presented.
0.8 short circuit (Chapter 12)
In a conventional power transformer windings internal short circuit calculation only the transformer and power transformer connected to the reactance and resistance component related.
But for the converter transformers used to be considered a fault current peak when a fault occurs in the converter produced may be higher than conventional electricity
Peak short-circuit current situation have a transformer. This situation detailed in this section.
0.9 Components (Chapter 13)
Making industrial and HVDC transmission design with converter transformer, on-load tap-selection and operation is critical to ask
question. This section lists some of the principles set out tap-in for these occasions.
In the HVDC application, design and combination valve side of the bushing is critical to the overall problem.
Detailing the general requirements for casing structure recommendations, and testing requirements combined with the casing of the transformer. Now writing a HVDC
With a standard transmission casing. Technical recommendations proposed in this section will be the new standard formulation content.
0.10 Maintenance (Chapter 14)
Statistics show that, HVDC transmission with converter transformers requires a high standard of maintenance. Of particular note is the on-load tap-changer and valve side
casing. This section presents the maintenance requirements.
0.11 monitoring and field research (Chapter 15)
If you want to reduce field problems, it is recommended for the transformer on-site monitoring. In this regard, only discuss the condition monitoring. This section also now
After the accident the field work program to be carried out and practical recommendations. The recommendations put forward is to start investigation
Phase, so that important evidence and data is not lost or damaged.
This chapter also discusses the purpose for this application and applicable condition monitoring.
0.12 Supplemental Information
When the enactment of this section, in particular with regard to the content of GB/T 18494.2 of the HVDC converter applications, and significantly influenced by CIGRE Union
Together Working Group 12/14.10 each monograph impact.
Converter transformers
Part 3. Application guide
1 Scope
GB/T 18494 This part gives the user information on industrial and HVDC transmission with a converter transformer in the design, construction, testing
And operation of the power system differs from a conventional transformer. Also, it is given to producing GB/T 18494.1 and
GB/T 18494.2 technical background.
This section applies to a supplement to GB/T 13499 "Power Transformer Application Guidelines", but does not replace GB/T 13499, because
General principles GB/T 13499 contained equally applicable to the converter transformer.
2 Normative references
The following documents for the application of this document is essential. For dated references, only the dated version suitable for use herein
Member. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies to this document.
GB 1094.1-1996 Power transformers - Part 1 General (eqv IEC 60076-1.1993)
GB 1094.3-2003 Power transformers Part 3. Insulation levels, dielectric tests and external insulation air gap (IEC 60076-3.
2000, MOD)
GB/T 3859 (all parts), Semiconductor convertors [IEC 60146 (all parts)]
Performance requirements and test methods (GB/T 10230.1-2007, IEC 60214-1. GB 10230.1 tap switch Part 1.
2003, MOD)
GB/T 10230.2 tap-Part 2. Application Guidelines (GB/T 10230.2-2007, IEC 60214-2.2004,
MOD)
GB/T 13499-2002 power transformer application guide (IEC 60076-8.1997, IDT)
GB/T 18494.1-2001 Converter transformers - Part 1. Transformers for industrial use (IEC 61378-1.1997, IDT)
GB/T 18494.2-2007 Converter transformers - Part 2. HVDC converter transformer (IEC 61378-2.2001,
MOD)
IEC 60296 Electrical transformer fluid and the switching of unused mineral insulating oil (Fluidsforelectrotechnical
applications-Unusedmineralinsulatingoilsfortransformersandswitchgear)
IEC 60422 electrical equipment with mineral oil monitoring and maintenance guidelines (Supervisionandmaintenanceguideformineral
insulatingoilsinelectricalequipment)
Oil and gas sampling guide IEC 60567 Oil-filled electrical equipment for free and dissolved gas analysis of the (Oil-filedelectrical
equipment-Samplingofgasesandofoilforanalysisoffreeanddissolvedgases-Guidance)
IEC 60599.1999 is running in mineral oil impregnated electrical equipment oil dissolved gas analysis and judgment guidelines (Mineraloil
impregnatedelectricalequipmentinservice-Guidetotheinterpretationofdissolvedandfreegases
analysis)
3 Terms and Definitions
Terms and definitions GB/T 18494.1 and GB/T 18494.2, as defined in this document apply.
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