GB/T 18449.1-2024_English: PDF (GB/T18449.1-2024)
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Metallic materials - Knoop hardness test - Part 1: Test method
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Metallic materials -- Knoop hardness test -- Part 1: Test method
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Metallic Knoop hardness test -- Part 1: Test method
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| Standard ID | GB/T 18449.1-2024 (GB/T18449.1-2024) | | Description (Translated English) | Metallic materials - Knoop hardness test - Part 1: Test method | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | H22 | | Classification of International Standard | 77.040.10 | | Word Count Estimation | 34,328 | | Date of Issue | 2024-05-28 | | Date of Implementation | 2024-12-01 | | Drafting Organization | Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Co., Ltd., Suzhou Huachuang Special Materials Co., Ltd., Fujian Minliang Calibration Technology Center Co., Ltd., Metallurgical Industry Information Standards Institute, China National Institute of Metrology | | Administrative Organization | National Technical Committee on Steel Standardization (SAC/TC 183) | | Proposing organization | China Iron and Steel Association | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, National Standardization Administration | | Standard ID | GB/T 18449.1-2009 (GB/T18449.1-2009) | | Description (Translated English) | Metallic materials. Knoop hardness test. Part 1: Test method | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | H22 | | Classification of International Standard | 77.040.10 | | Word Count Estimation | 13,146 | | Date of Issue | 2009-06-25 | | Date of Implementation | 2010-04-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 18449.1-2001 | | Quoted Standard | GB/T 18449.2; GB/T 18449.3; GB/T 18449.4; JJF 1059 | | Adopted Standard | ISO 4545-1-2005, MOD | | Drafting Organization | CISRI | | Administrative Organization | National Steel Standardization Technical Committee | | Regulation (derived from) | National Standard Approval Announcement 2009 No.9 (Total No.149) | | Proposing organization | National Standardization Technical Committee of experimental animals | | Issuing agency(ies) | Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China; Standardization Administration of China | | Summary | This standard specifies the metallic materials-Knoop hardness test principle, symbol and description, hardness, test methods, , uncertainty of results and test report sample. This method is only applicable to the indentation diagonal length �� 0. 02 mm. | | Standard ID | GB/T 18449.1-2001 (GB/T18449.1-2001) | | Description (Translated English) | Metallic knoop hardness test. Part 1: Test method | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | H22 | | Classification of International Standard | 77.040.10 | | Word Count Estimation | 28,217 | | Date of Issue | 2001-09-15 | | Date of Implementation | 2002-02-01 | | Quoted Standard | GB/T 18449.2-2001, | | Adopted Standard | ISO 4545-1993, NEQ | | Drafting Organization | Iron and Steel Research Institute | | Administrative Organization | National Steel Standardization Technical Committee | | Regulation (derived from) | Announcement of Newly Approved National Standards No. 9, 2009 (No. 149 overall) | | Proposing organization | State Bureau of Metallurgical Industry | | Issuing agency(ies) | General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People Republic of China |
GB/T 18449:1-2024: Knoop hardness test for metallic materials Part 1: Test method
ICS 77:040:10
CCSH22
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Replaces GB/T 18449:1-2009, partially replaces GB/T 9790-2021
Knoop hardness test for metal materials
Part 1: Test methods
Metallicmaterials-Knoophardnesstest-
(ISO 4545-1:2023,MOD)
Released on 2024-05-28
2024-12-01 implementation
State Administration for Market Regulation
The National Standardization Administration issued
Table of Contents
Preface III
Introduction V
1 Range 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and Definitions 1
4 Symbols and instructions 1
5 Principle 2
6 Hardness Tester 3
7 Sample 4
8 Test Procedure 4
9 Uncertainty of results 7
10 Test Report 7
Appendix A (Normative) Determination of Knoop hardness of metals and other inorganic coatings 8
Appendix B (normative) Periodic verification of the hardness tester, diagonal length measuring system and indenter by the user 12
Appendix C (Informative) Adjustment of the Kohler Illumination System 14
Appendix D (Informative) Uncertainty of Hardness Measurement 15
Appendix E (Informative) Traceability of Knoop hardness measurement 20
Appendix F (Informative) CCM-Hardness Working Group 23
Reference 24
Preface
This document is in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1:1-2020 "Guidelines for standardization work Part 1: Structure and drafting rules for standardization documents"
Drafting:
This document is part 1 of GB/T 18449 Knoop hardness test for metallic materials: GB/T 18449 has been published as follows
part:
--- Part 1: Test methods;
--- Part 2: Verification and calibration of hardness testers;
--- Part 3: Calibration of standard hardness blocks;
--- Part 4: Hardness value table:
This document replaces GB/T 18449:1-2009 "Metallic materials Knoop hardness test Part 1: Test method" and partially replaces
GB/T 9790-2021 "Vickers and Knoop microhardness test for metal and other inorganic coatings of metallic materials":
GB/T 18449:1-2009 is the main version, and part of GB/T 9790-2021 is integrated:
In addition to structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows:
--- Changed the scope, added that this document also applies to metals and other inorganic coatings, and extended the lower limit of the Knoop hardness test force to
0:009807N (see Chapter 1, Chapter 1 of GB/T 18449:1-2009);
--- Added the resolution requirements of the indentation measurement system corresponding to different diagonal length measurement ranges (see Table 2);
--- The increased specimen thickness or test layer thickness should be at least 1/3 of the diagonal length of the indentation (see 7:3);
--- Added the determination of Knoop hardness of metal and other inorganic coatings (see 7:5);
--- Added typical test forces HK0:001, HK0:002 and HK0:005 (see Table 3);
--- Increased period verification (see 8:3);
--- Changed the target values of force application time and holding time under maximum force (see 8:6, Chapter 7 of GB/T 18449:1-2009);
--- Added the minimum distance between adjacent indentations and the minimum distance between any indentation and the edge of the specimen (see Figure 3);
--- Added requirements for hardness conversion method (see Chapter 10);
--- Added the normative appendix "Determination of Knoop hardness of metals and other inorganic coatings" (see Appendix A);
--- Changed Appendix B to a normative appendix, added the period inspection content of the diagonal length measurement system and the pressure head, and added the table
B:1HK maximum allowable deviation value and added pressure head inspection (see Appendix B, Appendix A of GB/T 18449:1-2009):
This document is modified to adopt ISO 4545-1:2023 "Knoop hardness test for metallic materials - Part 1: Test method":
The technical differences between this document and ISO 4545-1:2023 and their reasons are as follows:
--- Replaced ISO 4545-2:2017 (see Chapter 6, Appendix B) with the normative reference GB/T 18449:2 to adapt to my country's technical requirements:
Technical conditions and increase operability;
--- ISO 4545-3 (see Appendix B) has been replaced by the normative reference GB/T 18449:3 to adapt to my country's technical conditions and increase
Operability;
--- Added normative reference to JJG1047 (see 6:1) to adapt to my country's technical conditions and increase operability:
The following editorial changes were made to this document:
--- Replaced ISO 14577-1 with the informative reference GB/T 21838:1 (see Chapter 1, 8:9);
--- Replaced ISO 14577-2 with the informative reference GB/T 21838:2 (see 8:9);
--- Replaced ISO 14577-3 with the informative reference GB/T 21838:3 (see 8:9);
--- Replaced ISO 4545-4 with the informative reference GB/T 18449:4 (see 8:10);
--- Added the informative reference to JJF1059:1 (see Chapter 9);
--- ISO 1463 is replaced by the informative reference GB/T 6462 (see Appendix A);
--- Replaced ISO 14577-4 with the informative reference GB/T 21838:4 (see Appendix A);
--- Corrected the reference errors of international standards (see Appendix D):
Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents: The issuing organization of this document does not assume the responsibility for identifying patents:
This document was proposed by the China Iron and Steel Association:
This document is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Steel Standardization (SAC/TC183):
This document was drafted by: Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Co:, Ltd:, Suzhou Huachuang Special Materials Co:, Ltd:, Fujian Minliang Calibration Technology Center
Co:, Ltd:, Metallurgical Industry Information Standards Research Institute, and China National Institute of Metrology:
The main drafters of this document are: Gao Yifei, Wu Xian, Wu Hong, Dong Li, Hou Xiaodong, Liu Zhanbin, Hou Huining and Wu Kunming:
The previous versions of the documents replaced by this document are as follows:
---GB/T 18449:1-2001, GB/T 18449:1-2009;
---GB/T 9790-1988, GB/T 9790-2021:
introduction
GB/T 18449 "Knoop hardness test for metallic materials" is intended to standardize the Knoop hardness test method for metallic materials, the inspection and calibration of hardness testers:
The calibration and hardness value of standard hardness blocks, etc:
GB/T 18449 consists of 4 parts:
--- Part 1: Test methods;
--- Part 2: Verification and calibration of hardness testers;
--- Part 3: Calibration of standard hardness blocks;
--- Part 4: Hardness value table:
This document provides the test method for Knoop hardness:
Knoop hardness test for metal materials
Part 1: Test methods
1 Scope
This document specifies the principle, hardness tester, specimen, test procedure, uncertainty of results and test report for the Knoop hardness test of metals:
This document specifies the Knoop hardness test with a test force range of 0:009807N~19:613N:
This document specifies the Knoop hardness test with an indentation diagonal length of not less than 0:020 mm:
Imperfections in the indenter geometry lead to large uncertainties and the use of this method to determine the Knoop hardness from smaller indentations is beyond the scope of this document:
The results will be within a certain range because of the great uncertainty:
This document also specifies the periodic inspection method for users to perform daily inspections on hardness testers:
The Knoop hardness test specified in this document is also applicable to metallic and other inorganic coatings, including electrophoretic coatings on aluminum substrates, self-catalyzed coatings,
Chemical coating, spray coating and anodic coating:
This document applies to indentation measurements perpendicular to the surface of the coating and to cross-sectional measurements, provided that the characteristics of the coating (smoothness, thickness
etc:) allows accurate reading of the diagonal of the indentation:
This document is not applicable to coatings with a thickness less than 0:007 mm when tested perpendicular to the surface of the covering layer and to coatings with a cross-section thickness less than 0:007 mm when tested perpendicular to the surface of the covering layer:
For coatings with a thickness of less than 0:020 mm, GB/T 21838:1 can be used to determine the hardness of smaller indentations:
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute the essential clauses of this document through normative references in this document:
For referenced documents without a date, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for referenced documents without a date, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to
This document:
GB/T 18449:2 Knoop hardness test for metallic materials Part 2: Verification and calibration of hardness testers (GB/T 18449:2-
2012,ISO 4545-2:2005,MOD)
GB/T 18449:3 Knoop hardness test for metallic materials Part 3: Calibration of standard hardness blocks (GB/T 18449:3-
2012,ISO 4545-3:2005,MOD)
JJG1047 Verification Procedure for Metal Knoop Hardness Tester
3 Terms and definitions
There are no terms or definitions that require definition in this document:
4 Symbols and instructions
4:1 Symbols and instructions used in this document
Symbols and descriptions are shown in Table 1:
......
GB/T 18449.1-2009
. Metallic materials Knoop hardness test Part 1. Test method
ICS 77.040.10
H22
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Replacing GB/T 18449.1-2001
Knoop hardness test of metallic materials
Part 1. Test methods
(ISO 4545-1.2005, MOD)
Posted 2009-06-25
2010-04-01 implementation
Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China
Standardization Administration of China released
Table of Contents
Introduction Ⅲ
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Principle 1
4 Symbols and note 2
5 Test equipment 2
6 Sample 3
7 Test Procedure 3
8 4 of Uncertainty
9 Test report 4
Appendix A (informative) user verification during hardness 5
Uncertainty Appendix B (informative) Hardness values \u200b\u200bmeasured 6
Foreword
GB/T 18449 "Knoop hardness test of metallic materials" is divided into four parts as follows.
--- Part 1. Test methods;
--- Part 2. Verification and calibration of hardness;
--- Part 3. Calibration of hardness reference blocks;
--- Part 4. Tables of hardness values.
This section GB/T 18449 Part 1.
The partial modification using ISO 4545-1.2005 "Knoop hardness test of metallic materials - Part 1. Test methods" (in English).
This section according to ISO 4545-1.2005 redrafted, according to China's actual situation, this section when using international standards of repair
Changes and additions. These technical differences identified in a single vertical line they involved provisions margin.
The structure and technical content portion and ISO 4545-1.2005 are basically the same, according to our conditions were modified in the following aspects.
--- Remove the introduction of international standards;
--- Revised international standards foreword;
--- The Normative references in international standards into the corresponding GB ;
--- Revised Appendix B hardness measurement uncertainty.
This Part replaces GB/T 18449.1-2001 "metallic materials - Knoop hardness test - Part 1. Test methods", this part of the original
National standards were modified following.
--- Increasing the specific requirements of the indentation measuring device in 5.3;
--- Increased 6.3;
--- Increased in 6.5 "in urging the process to ensure that the sample does not move," the instructions;
--- Increased 7.9;
--- 7.10 increase in the specific requirements of the indentation measuring device;
--- Increased 7.11;
--- Increased 7.12;
--- Increased Chapter 8, "The results of uncertainty";
--- Increase the informative Appendix A "hardness user during verification";
--- Increase the informative Appendix B "hardness measurement uncertainty."
This section of the Appendices A and B are informative appendices.
This part is proposed by the China Iron and Steel Association.
This part of the National Steel Standardization Technical Committee.
This section is drafted. Iron and Steel Research, Metallurgical Industry Information Standards Institute.
Drafters of this section. TESTING AND Dong Li.
This part of the standard replaces the previous editions are.
GB/T 18449.1-2001.
Knoop hardness test of metallic materials
Part 1. Test methods
1 Scope
This section GB/T 18449 specifies the metallic materials Knoop hardness test principles, symbols and instructions, hardness, samples, test side
Method, uncertainty and report test results.
This section provides test force values \u200b\u200branging 0.09807N to 19.614N.
This method applies only to the indentation diagonal length ≥0.02mm.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference GB/T 18449 in this section constitute provisions of this section. For dated reference documents
Member, subsequent amendments or revisions do not apply to this section, however, according to whether the parties are encouraged to study this part of the agreement
You can use the latest versions of these documents. For undated reference documents, the latest versions apply to this section.
GB/T 18449.2 metal Knoop hardness test - Part 2. verification and calibration of hardness (GB/T 18449.2-2001,
idtISO 4546.1993)
GB/T 18449.3 metal Knoop hardness test - Part 3. Calibration standard hardness block (GB/T 18449.3-2001,
idtISO 4547.1993)
GB/T 18449.4 metallic materials Knoop hardness test - Part 4. Table of hardness values \u200b\u200b(GB/T 18449.4-2009,
ISO 4545-4.2005, IDT)
JJF1059 Evaluation and Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
Principle 3
Diamond pyramid diamond indenter into the sample surface the two opposing surfaces having a predetermined angle with the top of the test force, the provisions of hold time
After removing the test force, measuring the length of the specimen surface indentation diagonal length (see Figures 1 and 2).
Figure 1 Knoop indenter
......
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