GB/T 18386.1-2021_English: PDF (GB/T18386.1-2021)
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| Standard ID | GB/T 18386.1-2021 (GB/T18386.1-2021) | | Description (Translated English) | Test methods for energy consumption and range of electric vehicles -- Part 1: Light-duty vehicles | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | T47 | | Classification of International Standard | 43.020 | | Word Count Estimation | 26,254 | | Date of Issue | 2021-03-09 | | Date of Implementation | 2021-10-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 18386-2017 | | Drafting Organization | China Automotive Technology Research Center Co., Ltd., BYD Automotive Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd., Chongqing Changan New Energy Automobile Technology Co., Ltd., China FAW Group Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Hezhong New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd., Shanghai Wei Lai Automobile Co., Ltd., Weimar Automobile Technology Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Automobile Group Co., Ltd. Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co., Ltd., Great Wall Motor Co., Ltd., Dongfeng Motor Group Co., Ltd., Haima New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd., United Automotive Electronics Co., Ltd., Chery Jaguar Land Rover Automotive Co., Ltd., SAIC Volkswagen Co., Ltd., Pan Asia Automotive Technology Center Co., Ltd., BMW (China) Service Co., Ltd., Daimler Greater China Investment Co., Ltd., Volkswagen ( | | Administrative Organization | National Automotive Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 114) | | Regulation (derived from) | National Standard Announcement No. 3 of 2021 | | Proposing organization | Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, National Standardization Administration | | Standard ID | GB/T 18386-2017 (GB/T18386-2017) | | Description (Translated English) | Electric vehicles -- Energy consumption and range -- Test procedures | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | T47 | | Classification of International Standard | 43.020 | | Word Count Estimation | 22,269 | | Date of Issue | 2017-10-14 | | Date of Implementation | 2018-05-01 | | Drafting Organization | China FAW Technology Center, China Automotive Technology Research Center, Beijing New Energy Vehicle Co., Ltd., BYD Auto Industry Co., Ltd., Dongfeng Motor Corporation Technology Center, China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing Vehicle Inspection and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Co., Ltd., Chongqing Changan New Energy Vehicle Co., Ltd., Brilliance Automotive Group Holding Co., Ltd., Chery New Energy Vehicle Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai Automotive Group Co., Ltd. Technology Center, Anhui Ankai Automobile Co., Zhejiang Geely Automobile Research Institute Co., Ltd. | | Administrative Organization | National Automotive Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 114) | | Proposing organization | Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People Republic of China | | Issuing agency(ies) | General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of PRC; China National Standardization Administration | | Standard ID | GB/T 18386-2005 (GB/T18386-2005) | | Description (Translated English) | Electric vehicles - Energy consumption and range - Test procedures | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | T47 | | Classification of International Standard | 43.020 | | Word Count Estimation | 14,131 | | Date of Issue | 2005-07-13 | | Date of Implementation | 2006-02-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 18386-2001 | | Quoted Standard | GB/T 17883; GB 18352.1; GB/T 18385-2005; GB/T 19596-2004 | | Adopted Standard | ISO 8714-2002, MOD | | Drafting Organization | China Automotive Technology and Research Center | | Administrative Organization | National Automotive Standardization Technical Committee | | Regulation (derived from) | Announcement of Newly Approved National Standards No. 10 of 2005 (No. 84 overall) | | Proposing organization | National Development and Reform Commission | | Issuing agency(ies) | General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People Republic of China, China National Standardization Administration Committee | | Summary | This standard specifies the pure electric vehicle energy consumption rate and range of test methods. This standard applies to pure electric vehicles. Electric three-wheeled motorcycle may refer to. |
GB/T 18386.1-2021
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.020
CCS T 47
Partially replacing GB/T 18386-2017
Test methods for energy consumption and range of
electric vehicles - Part 1: Light-duty vehicles
ISSUED ON: MARCH 09, 2021
IMPLEMENTED ON: OCTOBER 01, 2021
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 4
Introduction ... 6
1 Scope ... 8
2 Normative references ... 8
3 Terms and definitions ... 8
4 Test conditions ... 9
4.1 Environmental requirements ... 9
4.2 Test equipment ... 9
4.3 Test vehicles ... 9
4.4 Test cycle ... 10
5 Test-related parameters and accuracy ... 10
6 Test procedure ... 11
6.1 General requirements ... 11
6.2 Conditions for termination of tests ... 12
6.3 Test code ... 12
7 Calculation of energy consumption and range ... 19
7.1 General ... 19
7.2 Energy consumption ... 20
7.3 Range ... 20
7.4 Determination of type certification value ... 23
8 Interpolation method for a certain vehicle ... 25
8.1 Interpolation family ... 25
8.2 Cycle energy demand of vehicles ... 26
8.3 Interpolation coefficient ... 26
8.4 Energy consumption of a certain vehicle ... 27
8.5 Range of a certain vehicle ... 27
8.6 Road load family and road load matrix family ... 27
9 Production conformity ... 28
9.1 General ... 28
9.2 Production conformity assurance plan ... 28
9.3 Production conformity requirements ... 29
Appendix A (Informative) Test method for energy consumption and range when
heater is turned on in a low-temperature environment ... 31
Appendix B (Informative) Test method for energy consumption and range when
air-conditioning refrigeration is turned on in a high-temperature environment 35
Appendix C (Normative) Selection of driving mode ... 39
Appendix D (Informative) REESS state-of-charge curve ... 42
Appendix E (Normative) Determination of REESS current and voltage ... 44
Appendix F (Informative) Location of temperature measuring point ... 46
Test methods for energy consumption and range of
electric vehicles - Part 1: Light-duty vehicles
1 Scope
This document specifies the test methods for energy consumption and range of
pure electric vehicles.
This document is applicable to category N1 vehicles; categories M1 and M2
vehicles with the maximum design total mass not exceeding 3500 kg.
Categories M1 and L5 vehicles with a maximum design total mass of more than
3500 kg may refer to it for implementation.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents, through normative references in this
text, constitute indispensable provisions of this document. Among them, for
dated references, only the edition corresponding to that date applies to this
document. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments)
applies to this document.
GB/T 15089 Classification of power-driven vehicles and trailers
GB 18352.6-2016 Limits and measurement methods for emissions from
light-duty vehicles (CHINA 6)
GB/T 19233-2020 Measurement methods of fuel consumption for light-duty
vehicles
GB/T 19596 Terminology of electric vehicles
GB/T 38146.1-2019 China automotive test cycle - Part 1: Light-duty vehicles
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 15089, GB/T 19596, GB 18352.6-
2016 and GB/T 38146.1-2019 apply to this document.
the interpolation family, it shall choose a representative vehicle in the
interpolation family. The same test vehicle should be used to represent vehicle
H and vehicle L through different road load settings.
4.3.3 The test vehicle can be run-in according to the needs of the vehicle
manufacturer or its authorized agent. And ensure that the machinery is in good
condition. At the same time, under the condition of installing REESS, a certain
range shall be run-in. The range must be greater than 300 km. At the same time,
REESS shall experience at least one process from full charge to the lowest
value of the state of charge (SOC).
4.3.4 The lubricant, specified by the vehicle manufacturer, shall be used and
indicated in the test result report.
4.3.5 Except for drive purposes, all energy storage systems shall be charged to
the maximum values (electric energy, hydraulic pressure, air pressure, etc.),
specified by the vehicle manufacturer.
4.3.6 Other test vehicle settings shall be carried out in accordance with the
requirements of C.1.2.4.2, C.1.2.4.4 and C.1.2.4.5 in GB 18352.6-2016.
4.4 Test cycle
4.4.1 The test cycle is in accordance with China light-duty vehicle test cycle
described in Appendix A of GB/T 38146.1-2019 (CLTC, including CLTC-P and
CLTC-C; where CLTC-P is suitable for category M1 vehicles; CLTC-C is suitable
for category N1 vehicles; and category M2 vehicles with a maximum design total
mass not exceeding 3500 kg). It includes 3 speed ranges: low speed (part 1),
medium speed (part 2), and high speed (part 3).
4.4.2 If the maximum vehicle speed declared for the vehicle is less than the
maximum speed of the CLTC, when the target vehicle speed is greater than the
maximum vehicle speed declared, the test cycle shall be amended in
accordance with the provisions of CA.5 in GB 18352.6-2016.
5 Test-related parameters and accuracy
The related parameters and accuracy of the test results shall meet the
requirements of Table 2. When calculating in accordance with the provisions of
Clause 7, unless otherwise specified, the process data shall not be rounded.
6.2 Conditions for termination of tests
6.2.1 When conducting the test specified in 6.3.3, when the following conditions
occur, the test shall be stopped.
a) When testing in accordance with the conventional working condition
method specified in 6.3.3.3; if the maximum vehicle speed declared for
the vehicle is not less than the maximum vehicle speed of the CLTC and
cannot meet the tolerance requirements specified in 6.1.4; the test shall
be stopped.
b) When testing in accordance with the conventional working condition
method specified in 6.3.3.3; if the maximum speed declared for the vehicle
is less than the maximum speed of CLTC; for the part exceeding the
maximum speed declared for the vehicle, the test cycle shall be amended
in accordance with the provisions of CA.5 in GB 18352.6-2016. At this time,
the driver is required to depress the accelerator pedal to the end. The
actual vehicle speed is allowed to exceed the upper tolerance limit
specified in 6.1.4. However, when the lower tolerance limit requirements
specified in 6.1.4 cannot be met, the test shall be stopped. When the
target vehicle speed does not exceed the maximum speed declared for
the vehicle, and the tolerance requirements specified in 6.1.4 cannot be
met, the test shall be stopped.
c) When testing in accordance with the shortening method specified in
6.3.3.4; in the constant-speed segment CSSE, if the vehicle fails to meet
the lower tolerance limit requirements specified in 6.1.4 for 4 consecutive
seconds; the test shall be stopped.
6.2.2 When the conditions for the end of the test are reached, the gear remains
unchanged. The vehicle is allowed to coast to the lowest stable speed or 5 km/h.
Then the brake pedal is depressed to stop.
6.3 Test code
6.3.1 Test steps
The same test procedure shall be used to determine energy consumption and
range. The test procedure includes the following 3 steps:
a) Charge REESS for the first time (see 6.3.2);
b) Carry out tests for energy consumption and range (see 6.3.3);
c) After the test, recharge the REESS; measure the electric quantity charged
from the outside (see 6.3.4).
The above charging procedures do not include any automatically or manually
started special charging procedures, such as equalization charging mode or
maintenance mode. Vehicle manufacturers shall declare that, no special
charging procedures are performed during the test. The charging strategy that
does not require additional operations for vehicles actually sold is not
considered a special charging procedure. Vehicle manufacturers shall provide
relevant supporting documents.
6.3.2.3.2 Criteria for end of charging
When the on-board or external instrument shows that REESS is fully charged,
it is judged that the charging is complete. If the on-board or external instrument
sends out an obvious signal that REESS is not fully charged, in this case, the
longest charging time is: 3×REESS energy (kWh)/supply power (kW), which is
specified by the vehicle manufacturer.
6.3.3 Test process
6.3.3.1 Selection of driving mode
For vehicles equipped with a driving mode selection function, the selection shall
be made in accordance with the provisions of Appendix C.
6.3.3.2 Test options
The test shall start within 12 h after the end of the charging specified in 6.3.2.3.
If the vehicle manufacturer recommends, and determined by the inspection
agency, the test can start within 36 h after the end of the charging specified in
6.3.2.3. For vehicles whose range does not exceed 8 test cycle ranges specified
in 4.4, the test shall be carried out in accordance with the conventional working
condition method specified in 6.3.3.3. For vehicles whose range exceeds 8 test
cycle ranges specified in 4.4, the test shall be carried out in accordance with
the shortening method specified in 6.3.3.4. During the arbitration test, the test
shall be carried out in accordance with the conventional working condition
method specified in 6.3.3.3.
6.3.3.3 Conventional working condition method
For the test process of the conventional working condition method and the
corresponding REESS state-of-charge curve, refer to D.2.1 of Appendix D.
On the chassis dynamometer, use the test cycle specified in 4.4 to continuously
test.
Unless otherwise specified, the vehicle is allowed to be immersed once every
4 test cycles. The immersion time shall not exceed 10 min. During the
b) In accordance with 6.1.1, the road loads of vehicle H and vehicle L are
tested. And according to the relevant regulations of
CC.4.2.1.2~CC.4.2.1.4 in GB 18352.6-2016, calculate the road load of all
vehicle models in the road load family and road load matrix family.
9 Production conformity
9.1 General
9.1.1 Vehicle manufacturers shall, in accordance with 9.2, establish and
implement a production conformity assurance plan.
9.1.2 It shall be determined according to 9.3 whether the production conformity
meets the requirements. If a certain model cannot meet any of the requirements
of the production conformity inspection, it is determined that, this model does
not meet the production conformity requirements specified in this document.
9.1.3 The determination of production conformity is only applicable to the room-
temperature test specified in Clause 7. The tests, under the special ambient
temperatures specified in Appendix A and Appendix B, may refer to it for
implementation, as needed.
9.1.4 For vehicles undergoing production conformity inspection, the running-in
range does not need to meet the REESS minimum running-in range
requirements specified in 4.3.3. Other production conformity test settings shall
be consistent with the type certification tests specified in Clause 7. The vehicle
preparation before the test shall be carried out, in accordance with the
recommendations of the vehicle manufacturer.
9.1.5 If a certain model has several extended models or interpolation family
models, the production conformity test shall be carried out on the basic model,
which is described in the application materials for the first type test. If the basic
model for the first type test has been discontinued, the production conformity
test shall be carried out on the extended models or the interpolation family
models.
9.2 Production conformity assurance plan
9.2.1 Vehicle manufacturers shall randomly select multiple vehicles from the
same batch of products; in accordance with 9.2.2, check the production
conformity of the products.
9.2.2 Carry out the test in accordance with the provisions of 6.3.3.3 or 6.3.3.4.
This test only carries out the first test cycle. According to formula (2), determine
the energy consumption of this cycle, ECDC,first CLTC. Based on the energy
Appendix A
(Informative)
Test method for energy consumption and range when heater is turned
on in a low-temperature environment
A.1 Overview
This appendix describes the test method for energy consumption and range
when the heater is turned on in a low-temperature environment. In accordance
with the requirements of A.2 and A.3, carry out the test; record the test vehicle
parameters and test data. In accordance with the requirements of A.4, calculate
the test results. The accuracy of the test results of energy consumption and
range shall be processed, in accordance with the requirements of Table 2.
A.2 Test conditions
A.2.1 Test room and test equipment
A.2.1.1 Low-temperature environment simulation test system
Chassis dynamometer, analysis equipment and their calibration shall meet the
requirements of Attachment CD of GB 18352.6-2016.
A.2.1.2 Additional equipment
The equipment for measuring temperature and pressure shall meet the
requirements of Attachment CD of GB 18352.6-2016.
A.2.1.3 Other
Other unspecified test equipment and test room requirements shall be
implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB 18352.6-2016.
A.2.2 Environmental conditions
A.2.2.1 The average temperature of the environment shall be (-7±3)°C.
A.2.2.2 During the test, the temperature of the test room shall be monitored.
The temperature shall be measured at the outlet of the cooling fan. The ambient
temperature in the report shall be the arithmetic mean of the temperature of the
test room, measured at a fixed interval of no more than 1 min.
A.2.3 Vehicle preparation
temperature measuring points. Record the time when the average temperature
first reaches 20 °C. After that, until the end of the test, the average value of the
average temperature per 10 min shall be kept within the range of 20 °C~24 °C.
The average value of every 1 min shall be kept within the range of 17 °C~25 °C.
A.3 Test code
A.3.1 Test cycle
On the chassis dynamometer, use the test cycle specified in 4.4 for testing.
A.3.2 Pretreatment
A.3.2.1 The environmental requirements and parameters of the test shall meet
the requirements of 4.1.
A.3.2.2 According to the requirements of 6.1.1, set the chassis dynamometer.
The resistance setting of the chassis dynamometer shall be adjusted, to
simulate the running condition of the vehicle on the road at -7 °C. This
adjustment can be based on the change in road driving resistance determined
at -7 °C. The resistance, which is obtained after the slipping time of the driving
resistance determined in accordance with 6.1.1 is reduced by 10%, can also be
used as the substituted road driving resistance for the setting.
A.3.2.3 In accordance with the requirements of 6.3.2.2, discharge REESS.
A.3.2.4 During REESS discharge, the temperature of the test room shall remain
relatively stable; shall not be higher than 28 °C.
A.3.2.5 After the discharging is completed, according to the requirements of
6.3.2.3, the REESS is charged for the first time. And within 12 h after the end
of charging, in accordance with the requirements of A.3.3, the vehicle shall be
immersed.
A.3.2.6 Move the vehicle into the test room; place it on the chassis
dynamometer; connect the test equipment.
A.3.3 Vehicle immersion
A.3.3.1 Move the vehicle to the immersion room. If passing through other
temperature zones during this period, the duration shall not exceed 10 min.
A.3.3.2 With all windows closed, the vehicle shall be immersed for 12 h~15 h
in the environmental conditions specified in A.2.2. During the immersion period,
the hourly average ambient temperature shall be kept within the range of (-
7±3)°C. The instantaneous temperature shall be kept within the range of (-
7±6)°C; and, shall not be outside (-7±3)°C for 3 consecutive minutes.
Appendix B
(Informative)
Test method for energy consumption and range when air-conditioning
refrigeration is turned on in a high-temperature environment
B.1 Overview
This appendix describes the test method for energy consumption and range
when air-conditioning refrigeration is turned on in a high-temperature
environment. In accordance with the requirements of B.2 and B.3, carry out the
test; record the test vehicle parameters and test data. In accordance with the
requirements of B.4, calculate the test results. The accuracy of the test results
of energy consumption and range shall be processed, in accordance with the
requirements of Table 2.
B.2 Test conditions
B.2.1 Test room and test equipment
B.2.1.1 High-temperature environment simulation test system
Chassis dynamometer, analysis equipment and their calibration shall meet the
requirements of Attachment CD of GB 18352.6-2016.
B.2.1.2 Additional equipment
The equipment for measuring temperature and pressure shall meet the
requirements of Attachment CD of GB 18352.6-2016.
B.2.1.3 Other
Other unspecified test equipment and test room requirements shall be
implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB 18352.6-2016.
B.2.2 Environmental conditions
B.2.2.1 The average temperature of the environment shall be (30±2)°C.
B.2.2.2 During the test, the temperature of the test room shall be monitored.
The temperature shall be measured at the outlet of the fan. The ambient
temperature in the report shall be the arithmetic mean of the temperature of the
test room, measured at a fixed interval of no more than 1 min.
direction of the air outlet is set to the middle position.
During the test, at a sampling frequency of not less than 1 Hz, the temperature
change of the temperature measuring point in the vehicle is continuously
recorded in real time. Calculate and monitor the average temperature of all
temperature measuring points. Record the time when the average temperature
first reaches 25 °C. After that, until the end of the test, the average value of the
average temperature per 10 min shall be kept within the range of 21 °C~25 °C.
The average value of every 1 min shall be kept within the range of 20 °C~28 °C.
B.3 Test code
B.3.1 Test cycle
On the chassis dynamometer, use the test cycle specified in 4.4 for testing.
B.3.2 Pretreatment
B.3.2.1 The environmental requirements and parameters of the test shall meet
the requirements of 4.1.
B.3.2.2 According to the requirements of 6.1.1, set the chassis dynamometer.
B.3.2.3 In accordance with the requirements of 6.3.2.2, discharge REESS.
B.3.2.4 During REESS discharge, the temperature of the test room shall remain
relatively stable; shall not be higher than 28 °C.
B.3.2.5 After the discharging is completed, according to the requirements of
6.3.2.3, the REESS is charged for the first time. And within 12 h after the end
of charging, in accordance with the requirements of B.3.3, the vehicle shall be
immersed.
B.3.2.6 Move the vehicle into the test room; place it on the chassis
dynamometer; connect the test equipment.
B.3.3 Vehicle immersion
With all windows closed, the vehicle shall be immersed in the environmental
conditions specified in B.2.2 for at least 0.5 h.
B.3.4 Determination of vehicle energy consumption and range in a high-
temperature environment
B.3.4.1 According to the requirements of B.2.2, set the ambient temperature.
B.3.4.2 According to B.3.2.2, set the chassis dynamometer.
Appendix C
(Normative)
Selection of driving mode
C.1 General requirements
C.1.1 Vehicle manufacturers shall, according to this appendix, select the driving
mode for the test. This mode shall enable the vehicle, within the speed
tolerance specified in 6.1.4, to follow the test cycle specified in 4.4.
C.1.2 The vehicle manufacturer shall provide the competent authority with proof
of the following conditions:
a) Applicable conditions of the main mode;
b) Maximum vehicle speed;
c) Maximum electricity consumption mode;
d) Cycle energy demand (according to CE.5 in GB 18352.6-2016, where the
target vehicle speed is replaced by the actual vehicle speed).
C.1.3 Dedicated driving modes, for example, non-daily driving modes such as
"mountain mode" and "maintenance mode". If only used for some special
purposes, it will not be considered.
C.2 Selection of driving mode
C.2.1 If there is a main mode, and this mode can make the vehicle follow the
test cycle during the test, select this mode.
C.2.2 If there is no main mode, or there is a main mode, but this mode cannot
make the vehicle follow the test cycle during the test, the driving mode shall be
selected in accordance with the following regulations:
a) If there is only one selectable mode that allows the vehicle to follow the
test cycle during the test, select this mode;
b) If there are multiple modes that can make the vehicle follow the test cycle
during the test, it shall be selected according to the recommendations of
the vehicle manufacturer.
C.2.3 If there is no mode that can make the vehicle follow the test cycle during
Appendix E
(Normative)
Determination of REESS current and voltage
E.1 Overview
E.1.1 This appendix specifies the test methods and equipment for REESS
current and voltage.
E.1.2 The measurement of REESS current and voltage shall be carried out
before or at the beginning of the test. It shall end immediately after the vehicle
completes the test.
E.1.3 The REESS current and voltage at each stage shall be measured. The
current for defining REESS consumption is a negative value.
E.2 REESS current
E.2.1 External REESS current measurement
E.2.1.1 REESS current shall be measured using clip-on or enclosed current
sensors in the test. The accuracy of the current measurement system shall
meet the requirements specified in Table 1.
E.2.1.2 The current sensor shall be connected to the REESS cable, to measure
the REESS current. The measured current shall be the total REESS current.
In the case of shielded cables, according to the requirements of the vehicle
manufacturer, and determined by the inspection agency, appropriate treatment
shall be carried out.
In order to make it more convenient for external measuring equipment to
measure REESS current, vehicle manufacturers shall provide suitable, safe
and convenient connection points on the vehicle. If there is no such connection
point, the vehicle manufacturer is obliged to support the inspection agency to
connect the current sensor to the cable, directly connected to REESS that can
meet the above requirements.
E.2.1.3 According to the recommendations of the vehicle manufacturer, the
sampling frequency of the current sensor shall be selected. The minimum
frequency is 20 Hz.
E.2.2 On-board REESS current data
......
GB/T 18386-2017
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.020
T 47
Replacing GB/T 18386-2005
Electric Vehicles – Energy
Consumption and Range – Test Procedures
ISSUED ON. OCTOBER 14, 2017
IMPLEMENTED ON. MAY 01, 2018
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
3. No action is required - Full-copy of this standard will be automatically &
immediately delivered to your EMAIL address in 0~60 minutes.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative References ... 5
3 Terms and Definitions ... 5
4 Test Method for Range and Energy Consumption ... 6
4.1 General ... 6
4.2 Measurement parameters, units and accuracy ... 6
4.3 Test conditions .. 6
4.4 Test procedures ... 7
4.5 Calculation method for driving range and energy consumption ... 13
Appendix A (Informative) Recommended Program for the Heavy-Duty Commercial Vehicle
Driving Resistance Coefficient ... 19
Appendix B (Normative) NEDC Cycle ... 22
Appendix C (Normative) China Typical Urban Bus Cycle ... 27
Appendix D (Normative) C-WTVC Cycle .. 28
Bibliography .. 29
Foreword
This Standard was drafted as per the rules specified in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This Standard replaced GB/T 18386-2005 Electric Vehicles – Energy Consumption
and Rang – Test Procedures. Compared with GB/T 18386-2005, besides the editorial
modifications, this Standard has the major technical requirements as follows.
--- Test mass has significant changes;
--- The provisions on test shift has been changed;
--- Test environment temperature conditions have changes; delete the outdoor test
conditions;
--- The criterion for ending the test cycle has major changes; add the ending
conditions applicable to the working condition method for heavy-duty vehicles;
--- Add the parking provisions;
--- Add the calculation method for range and energy consumption in the working
condition method of heavy-duty vehicles;
--- Test cycle has changes; add China’s typical urban bus cycle specified in GB/T
19754-2015 and C-WTVC cycle specified in GB/T 27840-2011;
--- Add the recommended program for the driving resistance coefficient of heavy-
duty commercial vehicles.
This Standard was proposed by Ministry of industry and Information Technology of
PRC.
This Standard shall be under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee of Auto
Standardization of Vehicles (SAC/TC 114).
Drafting organizations of this Standard. China FAW Group Corporation R&D Center,
China Automotive Technology & Research Center, Beijing New Energy Automobile Co.,
Ltd., BYD Auto Industry Company Limited, Dongfeng Motor Corporation Technical
Center, China Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing Vehicle
Test & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Co., Ltd., Chongqing
Changan New Energy Vehicle Co., Ltd., Brilliance China Automotive Holdings Co., Ltd.,
Chery New Energy Automotive Technology Co., Ltd., Technology Center of Shanghai
Automotive Group Co., Ltd., Anhui Ankai Automobile Co., Ltd., and Zheiang Geely
Automobile Institute Co., Ltd.
Chief drafting staffs of this Standard. Ma Qizhen, Liu Guibin, Zheng Guangzhou, Ling
Heping, Ma Teng, Li Zheng, Zhao Jingwei, Lu Chun, Yue Fenglai, Ye Lei, Xu Qingkui,
Electric Vehicles – Energy
Consumption and Range – Test Procedures
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the test method for energy consumption and range of battery
electric vehicle.
This Standard is applicable to the battery electric vehicle. The electric right three-
wheeled motorcycle can refer to implement.
2 Normative References
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For the
dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this
document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the
amendments) are applicable to this document.
GB 7258 Safety Specifications for Power-Driven Vehicles Operating on Roads
GB/T 12534 Motor Vehicles - General Rules of Road Test Method
GB 18352.5-2013 Limits and Measurement Methods for Emissions from Light-
Duty Vehicles (CHINA 5)
GB/T 19596 Terminology of Electric Vehicles
GB/T 19754-2015 Test Methods for Energy Consumption of Heavy-Duty Hybrid
Electric Vehicles
GB/T 27840-2011 Fuel Consumption Test Methods for Heavy-Duty Commercial
Vehicles
3 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions stipulated in GB 7258, GB/T 19596 are applicable to this
document.
maximum design traction mass.
4.3.2 Vehicle conditions
The test vehicle shall be loaded as per the technical requirements of each test.
The tires shall use the type required by the manufacturer as the original accessory; be
inflated according to the tire inflation pressure corresponding to the manufacturer
recommended tire maximum test load and maximum test speed. The viscosity of
lubricant used for the mechanical moving components shall conform to the provisions
of manufacturer.
Turn off the lighting, signaling device and auxiliary equipment in the vehicle; unless the
test and vehicle day-time operation have requirements for the above devices.
Except for the driving purposes, all storage systems (electrical energy, hydraulic
pressure, air pressure, etc.) shall be charged to the maximum value specified by the
manufacturer.
The test driver shall, according to the vehicle manufacturer recommended operating
procedures, make the power battery operate at the normal operating temperature.
Before the test, the test vehicle shall use the power battery equipped on it to drive at
least 300km.
4.3.3 Environment temperature conditions
Perform the indoor test at the room temperature of 20°C~30°C.
4.3.4 Test shift
If the manufacturer recommended vehicle driving mode can match with the reference
curve of the working conditions, then use the manufacturer recommended mode; if the
manufacturer recommended mode can’t meet the requirements for the reference curve
of the working conditions, then select the higher mode of maximum vehicle speed.
4.4 Test procedures
4.4.1 General
When confirming the energy consumption and range, the same test procedures shall
be used; the test procedures shall include the following three steps.
a) Perform the initial charge of the power battery (see 4.4.4);
b) Perform the range test under the working conditions or constant speed conditions
(see 4.4.5);
speed tolerance applicable to other categories vehicles is ±3km/h; the time tolerance
is ±1s.
During each driving cycle, the accumulated time allowed to exceed the tolerance range
against the categories M1, N1, M2 vehicles with maximum design total mass no
greater than 3500kg shall not exceed 4s; the accumulated time allowed to exceed the
tolerance range against other categories vehicles shall not exceed 10s. The total time
exceeding the tolerance shall be indicated in the test report.
4.4.3 Criterion for ending the test cycle
It mainly includes.
a) When performing the NEDC working condition test cycle specified in 4.4.5.2.
1) For the test vehicle with maximum speed greater than or equal to 120km/h, if
it can’t meet the tolerance requirements specified in 4.4.2, then stop test;
2) For the test vehicle with maximum speed less than 120km/h, when working
condition target speed is greater than vehicle declared maximum speed, the
speed benchmarking curve corresponding to the target working condition
shall be adjusted into the vehicle declared maximum speed; at this time, the
driver is required to depress the accelerator pedal to the end; the actual
vehicle speed is allowed to exceed the tolerance upper limit specified in 4.4.2;
when it can’t meet the tolerance lower limit requirements specified in 4.4.2,
then stop test; when working condition target speed is less than or equal to
the vehicle declared maximum speed, it can’t meet the tolerance
requirements specified in 4.4.2, stop test.
b) When performing China typical city bus cycle working condition test cycle
specified in 4.4.5.2, if it can’t meet the tolerance requirements specified in 4.4.2,
stop test.
c) When performing the C-WTVC working condition test cycle specified in 4.4.5.2,
speed is less than or equal to 70km/h, if it can’t meet the tolerance requirements
specified in 4.4.2, stop test; when speed is greater than 70m/h, if it can’t meet
the tolerance requirements, then depress the accelerator pedal to the end, till the
speed again follows the C-WTVC cycle working condition target speed, the
tolerance range specified in 4.4.2 is allowed to be exceeded.
d) When performing the constant speed test specified in 4.4.5.3, if the vehicle’s
driving speed doesn’t reach 54m/h (categories M1, N1, M2 vehicles with
maximum design total mass greater than 3500kg) or 36km/h (other vehicles
beyond categories M1, N1, M2 vehicles with maximum design total mass greater
than 3500kg), stop test.
When the test end condition is reached, maintain the shift unchanged, vehicle shall be
Record the number of parking and parking time of the test vehicle during the test period.
When test cycle working condition is end, vehicle stops, record the travelled distance
D of the test vehicle, expressed by km; the measured value shall be rounded off to the
nearest integer; such distance is the driving range measured by the constant speed
method. Meanwhile record the used time expressed in hour (h) and minute (min).
4.4.5.3.2 Constant speed method applicable to the vehicles beyond the
categories M1, N1, and M2 vehicles with maximum design total mass no greater
than 3500kg
Perform the (40±2)km/h constant speed test, the vehicle is allowed to park for twice
during the test process; each parking time shall not exceed 2min; when the vehicle
speed reaches the requirements stipulated in 4.4.3, stop test.
Record the number of parking and parking time of the test vehicle during the test period.
When test cycle working condition is end, vehicle stops, record the travelled distance
D of the test vehicle, expressed by km; the measured value shall be rounded off to the
nearest integer; such distance is the driving range measured by the constant speed
method. Meanwhile record the used time expressed in hour (h) and minute (min).
NOTE. the constant speed method test is retained only for other standard citations, and the
results shall not be treated as the driving range test result of this Standard.
4.4.6 Power battery charging and energy measurement
After completing the tests specified in 4.4.5.2 and 4.4.5.3, connect the vehicle to the
power grid within 2h; charge the vehicle power battery fully as per the charging
regulation specified in 4.4.4.3. Connect the energy measurement device between the
power grid and vehicle charger; measure the energy Epower grid from the power grid and
expressed by Wh, the measured value shall be rounded off to the nearest integer.
NOTE. if the power grid is cut off, its disconnecting time shall be extended to an appropriate
time according to the power off time. The vehicle manufacturer and technical service
department of certified laboratory shall discuss the effectiveness of the charging.
4.5 Calculation method for driving range and energy consumption
4.5.1 Calculation method applicable to the working condition method for
categories M1, N1, M2 vehicles with maximum design total mass no greater then
3500kg
The driving range is the travelled distance D of the test vehicle recorded in 4.4.5.2.1,
expressed by km, and it shall be rounded off to the nearest integer.
Use Formula (1) to calculate the energy consumpt...
......
GB/T 18386-2005
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.020
T 47
Replacing GB/T 18386-2001
Electric Vehicles − Energy Consumption and
Range – Test Procedures
(ISO 8714.2002 Electric Road Vehicles - Reference Energy Consumption and Range –
Test procedures for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles, MOD)
ISSUED ON. JULY 13, 2005
IMPLEMENTED ON. FEBRUARY 1, 2006
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
FOREWORD ... 3
1 SCOPE ... 4
2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES ... 4
3 DEFINITIONS ... 4
4 TEST METHOD OF RANGE AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION ... 5
ANNEX A ... 10
ANNEX B ... 14
ANNEX C ... 15
FOREWORD
This Standard modifies and adopts ISO 8714.2002 “Electric road vehicles - Reference energy
consumption and range - Test procedures for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles”
(English Version).
Standard format is compiled according to the requirements of GB/T 1.1-2000. The comparison of
chapter and article numbers in this Standard and those in ISO 8714.2002 is listed in Annex B.
In view of actual situation of development of domestic electric vehicles, when adopting ISO
8714.2002, some amendments were made in this Standard. The relevant technical differences
have been written into the main body and are marked by vertical line in the margin of relevant
clauses. The technical differences and their causes are listed in Annex C for reference.
This Standard replaces GB/T 18386-2001 “Electric vehicles - Reference energy consumption and
range - Test procedures”.
Compared with GB/T 18386-2001, the main changes of this Standard are as follows.
- Change the application scope of standard; change the “apply to electric vehicles of which
the maximum total design mass is not exceed 3500kg” to be “apply to pure electric
vehicles”. Due to extension of application scope, in order to meet the requirements of pure
electric vehicles over 3500kg, some amendments were made in this Standard.
- Adjust the compilation sequence of this Standard, e.g.. adjust the A2.3 to 4.4.2.
- Condition method of this Standard applies to category M1 and N1 vehicles. Uniform
velocity method is divided into 2 types - category M1 and N1 vehicles adopt (60±2) km/h
uniform velocity test; vehicles other than category M1 and N1 adopt (40±2) km/h uniform
velocity test. The uniform velocity method (4.4.4.3) of previous edition is detailed
according to different categories of vehicles. Meanwhile, delete the provision “carry out
test as per test speed selected by manufacturer” in previous edition.
Annex A of this Standard is normative; Annex B and Annex C are informative.
This Standard was proposed by National Development and Reform Committee.
This Standard shall be under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee on Road Vehicles of
Standardization Administration of China.
Draft organizations of this Standard. China Automotive Technology, and Research Center and
Tsinghua University.
Main drafters of this Standard. Zhao Jingwei, Sun Hui, and Chen Quanshi.
This Standard was first-time issued in 2001; this is the first revision.
Electric Vehicles − Energy Consumption and Range –
Test Procedures
1 SCOPE
This Standard specifies the test procedures for measuring the reference energy consumption and
reference range of pure electric vehicles.
This Standard applies to pure electric vehicles. For electric three-wheel motorcycles, this
standard may be referred.
2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES
The following Standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this Standard. At the time of publication, all the editions indicated were effective. All
Standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Standard are
encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the latest editions of the Standards indicated
below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies.
GB/T 17883 Alternating current static watt - hour meters for active energy (Classes 0.2S
and 0.5S) (GB/T 17883-1999, eqv IEC 60678. 1992)
GB 18352.1 Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants from Light-duty
Vehicles (I)
GB/T 18385-2005 Electric vehicles − Power performance − Test method (ISO 8715.2001,
MOD)
GB/T 19596-2004 Terminology of electric vehicles (ISO 8713.2002, NEQ)
3 DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions apply.
3.1 Complete Electric Vehicle Kerb Mass
Mass of the electric vehicle, including the energy storage device on vehicle [GB/T 19596-2004,
3.1.3.4.1 definition].
3.2 Test Mass of Electric Vehicle
Sum of the complete electric vehicle kerb mass plus an additional mass [GB/T 19596-2004,
3.1.3.4.2 definition]. Additional mass refers to the following respectively.
a) the maximum permissible mass if the maximum permissible mass is less or equal to 180
kg;
b) 180 kg if the maximum permissible mass is greater than 180 kg, but less than 360 kg;
c) half of the maximum permissible mass if the maximum permissible mass is greater than
360 kg.
NOTE. Maximum permissible mass includes the mass of the driver.
3.3 Reference Energy Consumption
After electric vehicle has been gone through a specified test cycle, the traction battery is re-
charged to the before-test capacity. It is the value that the electric-energy gained from mains is
divided by the travel mileage. Unit is Wh/km [GB/T 19596-2004, 3.1.3.1.4 definition].
3.4 Range [Reference Range]
Maximum distance that can be continuously travelled, under the state that traction battery of
electric vehicle is fully charged, and it is travelled in certain condition. Unit is kilometres (km)
[GB/T 19596-2004, 3.1.3.1.3 definition].
4 TEST METHOD OF RANGE AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION
4.1 General
The following describe the test methods of range, in km, and the electric energy consumption
obtained from the mains, in Wh/km.
4.2 Measurement Parameters, Units, and Accuracy
Table 1 specifies the test measurement’s parameters, units, and accuracy.
Table 1 Measurement Parameters, Units, and Accuracy Requirements
Parameter Unit Accuracy Resolution
Time s ± 0.1 0.1
Distance m ± 0.1% 1
Temperature °C ± 1 1
Speed km/h ± 1% 0.2
Mass kg ± 0.5% 1
Energy Wh 0.2S (According to GB/T 17883) 0.2S (According to GB/T 17883)
4.3 Test Conditions
4.3.1 Vehicle Conditions
Test vehicle shall be loaded according to technical requirements of each test item.
At ambient temperature, testing (on circular track or on chassis dynamometer) the vehicle tyre’s
pneumatic-pressure shall conform to the specifications of vehicle manufacturer.
The viscosity of oils used for the lubrication of mechanical moving parts shall conform to the
specifications of the vehicle manufacturer.
The lighting, signal devices, and auxiliary devices on vehicle shall be switched off, unless these
devices are required by the testing and daytime operation of the vehicle.
Except used for driving, all energy-storage systems shall be charged to the maximum values
(electric energy, hydraulic pressure, pneumatic pressure, etc.) as specified by the vehicle
manufacturer.
One deviation of up to 4 s beyond these tolerances is permitted in any drive cycle.
The total time-out of tolerances shall be mentioned in the test report.
4.4.3 End of Test Sequence Criterion
− an indication given from the on-board instrumentation for the driver to stop the vehicle; or
− that the vehicle is unable to meet the reference curve from the test sequence (see
clause4.4.5.2) when speed less than and equal to 70km/h and cannot meet the
requirements of tolerances specified in 4.4.2, the test should be stopped; when speed
exceed 70km/h, provided the accelerator pedal is fully depressed, it is acceptable to go
beyond the tolerances specified in 4.4.2, however, shall meet the relevant requirements of
4.4.2.
− stop the test, when carrying out the uniform loading speed specified in 4.4.5.3, and when
the vehicle speed is unable to achieve 54km/h (category M1 and N1) or 36km/h (pure
electric vehicles other than M1 and N1).
4.4.4 Initial charging of the traction battery
4.4.4.1 General
Unless otherwise prescribed by the vehicle manufacturer or the traction battery manufacturer, the
initial charge of the traction battery shall be performed as follows.
The phrase “initial charging of the traction battery” applies to the first charge up of the traction
battery at reception of the vehicle. In the case of several combined tests or measurements
carried out consecutively, the first charge up carried out shall be an initial charging of the traction
battery.
Charging of traction battery shall be in accordance with the procedure given in 4.4.4.2 and
4.4.4.3.
4.4.4.2 Discharging the traction battery
Start the procedure by discharging the traction battery...
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