GB/T 16552-2017_English: PDF (GB/T16552-2017)
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| Standard ID | GB/T 16552-2017 (GB/T16552-2017) | | Description (Translated English) | Gems -- Nomenclature | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | D59 | | Classification of International Standard | 39.060 | | Word Count Estimation | 22,225 | | Date of Issue | 2017-10-14 | | Date of Implementation | 2018-05-01 | | Drafting Organization | National jewelery quality supervision and inspection center | | Administrative Organization | National Gems and Jade Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 298) | | Proposing organization | Ministry of Land and Resources | | Issuing agency(ies) | General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of PRC; China National Standardization Administration | | Standard ID | GB/T 16552-2010 (GB/T16552-2010) | | Description (Translated English) | Gems. Nomenclature | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | D59 | | Classification of International Standard | 39.060 | | Word Count Estimation | 20,20 | | Date of Issue | 2010-09-26 | | Date of Implementation | 2011-02-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 16552-2003 | | Quoted Standard | GB 11887; GB/T 16553; QB/T 1689; QB/T 2997 | | Drafting Organization | National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center jade jewelry | | Administrative Organization | National Standardization Technical Committee jewelery | | Regulation (derived from) | National Standard Approval Announcement 2010 No.6 (Total No.161) | | Proposing organization | National Standardization Technical Committee jewelery (SAC/TC 298) | | Issuing agency(ies) | Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China; Standardization Administration of China | | Summary | This standard specifies the terms and definitions jade jewelry, naming rules and representation. This standard applies to jewelery appraisal, cultural identification, field of literature and publishing, commerce, customs, Insurance, pawn, asset evaluation, and research and teaching. | | Standard ID | GB/T 16552-2003 (GB/T16552-2003) | | Description (Translated English) | Gems--Nomenclature | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | D59 | | Classification of International Standard | 39.06 | | Word Count Estimation | 15,159 | | Date of Issue | 2003/7/1 | | Date of Implementation | 2003/11/1 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 16552-1996 | | Quoted Standard | GB/T 16553 | | Adopted Standard | CIBTO-1997, NEQ; AGTA-2000, NEQ; GAAJ-1992, NEQ | | Regulation (derived from) | Announcement of Newly Approved National Standards 2010 No. (No. 161 overall) 6 | | Proposing organization | Ministry of Land and Resources of the People Republic of China | | Issuing agency(ies) | General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People Republic of China |
GB/T 16552-2017
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 39.060
D 59
Replacing GB/T 16552-2010
Gems - Nomenclature
珠宝玉石 名称
ISSUED ON: OCTOBER 14, 2017
IMPLEMENTED ON: MAY 01, 2018
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of PRC;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Terms and definitions ... 5
4 Identification ... 10
5 Naming rules and representation methods ... 10
5.1 Gems ... 10
5.2 Imitation stones ... 13
5.3 Gem with phenomena ... 13
5.4 Enhancement and treatment ... 14
5.5 Gem ornaments ... 16
Appendix A (Normative) Gem name ... 18
Appendix B (Normative) Enhancement and treatment of gem ... 24
Gems - Nomenclature
1 Scope
This standard specifies the terms and definitions, naming rules, representation methods
of gem.
This standard applies to the naming of gem.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For the dated
documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this document;
for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the amendments) is
applicable to this standard.
GB 11887 Jewelry - Fineness of precious metal alloys and designation
GB/T 16553 Gems - Testing
QB/T 1689 Terms of precious metal adornment
QB/T 2997 Adornment with precious metal coating
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Gems
The general term for natural gems and artificial gems, which can be referred to as
gems.
3.1.1
Natural gems
Minerals or organic substances, which are produced in nature, are featured by beauty,
durability, rarity, have the value of craftsmanship, can be processed into ornaments.
It is divided into natural gemstones, natural jades, natural organic materials.
3.1.1.1
Natural gemstones
Single crystal of minerals (can contain twin crystals), which are produced in nature,
are featured by beauty, durability, rarity, can be processed into ornaments.
3.1.1.2
Natural jades
A mineral aggregate, which is produced in nature; is featured by beauty, durability,
rarity and technological value; can be processed into ornaments. A few of them are
amorphous.
3.1.1.3
Natural organic materials
The material, which has a direct relationship with natural creatures; is partly or
entirely composed of organic substances; can be used for ornaments.
Note: Cultured pearls ("pearls" for short) also fall under this category.
3.1.2
Manufactured products
Materials (except pure metal materials), that are wholly or partly artificially
produced or manufactured for use as ornaments. They are divided into synthetic
stones, artificial stones, composite stones, reconstructed stones.
3.1.2.1
Synthetic stones
The crystalline body, amorphous body or aggregate, which is completely or partially
artificially manufactured AND has known counterparts in nature. Its physical
properties, chemical composition, crystal structure are basically the same as the
corresponding natural gem. On the surface of gem, a thin layer with basically the
same composition and structure as the raw material is artificially regrown. This kind
of stone is also a synthetic stone, also known as synthetic gemstone overgrowth.
3.1.2.2
Artificial stones
A crystalline, amorphous, or aggregate, that is manufactured artificially AND has
Laser beams and chemicals are used, to remove dark inclusions inside a diamond,
leaving a tube, funnel or other shape of laser marks.
Note: Tubular or funnel-shaped laser marks are also called laser holes.
3.4.6
Filling or impregnation
Filling or impregnation the gaps, (open) fissures, cavities of gems, by the materials
such as colorless oils, waxes, glass or resins, OR pouring porous, multi-fissure gems,
to improve or change the clarity, appearance, durability of gems.
3.4.7
Coating
The surface of gem is covered with a thin film by coating, plating, or other methods,
to change the luster and color, thereby producing special effects or protecting the
gem.
3.4.8
High-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) treatment
The processing of gem under high temperature and high pressure, which is mainly
used to improve or change the color of gem.
3.4.9
Dyeing
Infiltration of color-causing substances (such as colored oils, dyes, etc.) into gem,
to improve or change the color of gem.
3.4.10
Irradiation
Irradiation of gems, by the use of high-energy rays, to change the color of gems.
Note: Irradiation is often accompanied with additional heat treatment.
3.4.11
Diffusion
Under certain temperature conditions, foreign elements are introduced into gem to
change the color of gem or produce phenomena.
3.5
Gems ornaments
The products for decoration, which use gem as raw materials, through cutting,
carving, inlaying and other processing.
3.6
Classic names of gems
Mineralogy, petrology, material science, traditional gemological names of gems
varieties.
3.7
Trade names of gems
In the field of gem circulation, other names other than the classic names of gem,
which are widely used and generally recognized.
Note: Other names for gem, such as in local standards, etc.
4 Identification
The identification criteria of various gem varieties are based on GB/T 16553.
5 Naming rules and representation methods
5.1 Gems
5.1.1 General rules for naming
The naming of gem shall abide by the following rules:
a) It shall be determined, according to the classic names in Appendix A and the
various naming rules specified in this standard and the requirements of Appendix
B; marked in a prominent position, in the relevant quality documents.
b) Other minerals (rocks) and material names, which are not listed in Appendix A,
can be directly used as the name of gem.
c) The trade name of gem shall not be used alone. It may indicate “trade name: ×××”,
in the relevant quality documents. For example, Taishan jade in Shandong local
standards shall be named as serpentine, so it may note "trade name: Taishan jade"
c) The origin shall not be involved in the naming of natural organic materials, such
as: "Baltic Amber".
5.1.3 Manufactured products
5.1.3.1 Synthetic stones
The naming of synthetic stones shall abide by the following rules:
a) The word "synthesis" shall be added before the classic name of the corresponding
natural gem.
b) The name of the production plant and manufacturer shall not be used directly,
such as: "Chatham emerald" and "Linde emerald".
c) Names that are confusing or ambiguous shall not be used, such as: "Rubin stone",
"red corundum", "synthetic product".
d) Direct naming shall not be made using synthetic methods, such as "CVD
diamond" "HPHT diamond".
e) For regenerated stones, the word "synthetic" or "regenerated" shall be added
before the classic name of the corresponding natural gem. If a thin layer of green
synthetic crystal grows on the surface of a colorless natural crystal, it shall be
named "synthetic crystal" or "regenerated crystal".
5.1.3.2 Artificial stones
The naming of artificial gemstones shall abide by the following rules:
a) The word "artificial" shall be added before the name of the material, except for
"glass" and "plastic".
b) The name of the production plant and manufacturer shall not be used for direct
naming.
c) Names that are confusing or ambiguous, such as "Austrian diamonds", shall not
be used.
d) The production method shall not be used for direct naming.
5.1.3.3 Composite stones
The naming of the combined gemstones shall abide by the following rules:
a) The words "composite stone" shall be added after the name of the constituent
material, OR the word "composite" shall be added before it.
b) The name of the constituent material can be written layer by layer, such as:
"sapphire, synthetic sapphire composite stone".
c) Only the name of the main material can be written, such as: "Sapphire composite
stone" or "Composite Sapphire".
5.1.3.4 Reconstructed stones
The word "reconstructed" shall be added before the classic name of the natural gem
formed, such as: "reconstructed amber", "reconstructed turquoise".
5.2 Imitation stones
5.2.1 The naming rules for imitation gemstones are:
a) The word "imitation" shall be added before the classic name of the imitation
natural gem.
b) Try to determine the name of the specific gem, AND use the following expressions,
such as: "Imitation crystal (glass)".
c) When determining the name of specific gem, all naming rules specified in this
standard shall be followed.
d) The term "imitation stones" shall not be used alone as a name for gem.
5.2.2 When using "imitation of a certain kind of gem" to indicate the name of gem, it
means that the gem:
a) Is not the imitation gem. For example: "Imitation diamond" is not a diamond.
b) Has many possibilities for the materials used. For example: "Imitation diamond"
may be glass, synthetic cubic zirconia or crystal, etc.
5.3 Gem with phenomena
5.3.1 Gem with chatoyancy
Add the word "cat's eye" after the classic name of gem. Only "Chrysoberyl Cat's Eye"
can be directly called "Cat's Eye".
5.3.2 Jewelry with asterism
Add the word "asterism" before the classic name of gem. For synthetic stones with
asterism, the words "synthetic asterism" shall be added before the classic name of the
corresponding natural gems.
5.4.2.2 Treatment
The presentation method of treatment shall meet the following requirements:
a) Indicate on the classic name of gem:
- Add specific treatment methods before the name, such as: diffused sapphire,
bleached, filled jade;
- Add parentheses after the name, to indicate the treatment method, such as:
sapphire (diffusion), jade (bleaching, filling or impregnation);
- Add the word "treatment" in parentheses after the name, such as: sapphire
(treatment), jade (treatment). Try to explain the specific treatment methods in
the relevant quality documents, such as: diffusion, bleaching, filling or
impregnation.
b) Gem, for which it is not certain whether it has been processed, may not be
indicated in the name. However, it shall be noted in the relevant quality
documents that "it may have been treated by XX" or "it has not been determined
whether it has been treated by XX" or "the cause of XX has not been determined".
c) Gem, which are treated by various methods OR whose specific treatment method
cannot be determined, shall be named according to a) or b). It can also be noted
in the relevant quality documents that "XX has been artificially treated", such as:
diamond (treatment), with the additional note "diamond color has been artificially
treated".
d) Treated artificial stones can be named directly, using the classic name of artificial
stones.
5.5 Gem ornaments
Gem ornaments are named according to the name of the gem + the name of the
ornament. Gem names are determined, according to the corresponding naming rules in
this standard; ornament names are determined according to the provisions of QB/T 1689.
For example:
- Non-inlaid gem ornament can be named directly by the name of the gem, OR
named according to the name of the gem + the name of the ornament, such as:
"Jadeite", or "Jadeite Bracelet".
- For ornament consisting of a variety of gems, it can:
● Name each material one by one, such as: "tourmaline", "garnet", "crystal
bracelet";
......
GB/T 16552-2010
Gems. Nomenclature
ICS 39.060
D59
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Replacing GB/T 16552-2003
Jewelery name
Issued on. 2010-09-26
2011-02-01 implementation
Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China
Standardization Administration of China released
Table of Contents
Introduction Ⅲ
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and definitions
3.1 jewelery 1
3.1.1 natural jade jewelry 1
3.1.1.1 natural stones 1
3.1.1.2 natural jade 1
3.1.1.3 natural organic gemstone 1
3.1.2 artificial gems 1
3.1.2.1 Synthetic Stone 2
3.1.2.2 artificial gems 2
3.1.2.3 Mosaic stones 2
3.1.2.4 reconstructed precious 2
3.2 imitation gemstones 2
3.3 2 special optical effects
3.3.1 The cat eye effect 2
3.3.2 Effect 2 Stars
3.3.3 discoloration Effect 2
3.4 optimization 2
3.4.1 Optimization 2
3.4.2 Treatment 2
3.5 jewelry jade jewelry 3
4 naming rules and representation 3
Gems 3 4.1
4.1.1 natural jade jewelry 3
4.1.1.1 natural stones 3
4.1.1.2 natural jade 3
4.1.1.3 natural organic gemstones 3
4.1.2 artificial gem 3
4.1.2.1 Synthetic Stone 3
4.1.2.2 synthetic gems 4
4.1.2.3 Mosaic stones 4
4.1.2.4 reconstructed precious 4
4.2 imitation gemstones 4
4.3 special optical effects of jewelery 4
4.3.1 The cat eye effect 4
4.3.2 Effect 4 Stars
4.3.3 discoloration effect 4
4.3.4 Other special optical effects 4
4.4 optimization 5
4.4.1 Optimization 5
4.4.2 Processing 5
4.5 jewelry jade jewelry 5
Appendix A (normative) jewelery name 6
Appendix B (normative) optimization jewelery 12
Foreword
This standard GB/T 1.1-2009 writing rules drafted.
This standard replaces GB/T 16552-2003.
This standard compared with GB/T 16552-2003, the main changes as follows.
--- Adjust the scope;
--- Increasing the normative references;
--- Added "aggregate" (see this standard 3.1.2.1 and 3.1.2.2) in the definition of synthetic gemstone and artificial gemstone;
--- Modify the Mosaic stones naming rules (see this standard 4.1.2.3);
--- Added "jewelry jade jewelry," the definition and naming rules (see 3.5 and 4.5 of this standard);
--- Remove the original 3.13.2 common optimization method;
--- Adjustment is optimized naming rules, naming rules for increasing the variety of optimization process (see 4.4 of this standard);
--- Appendix A adds variety name; add and delete subspecies or trade names of certain varieties;
--- Appendix A modification of the main mineral composition of certain varieties;
--- Appendix B added optimization methods and types of certain varieties;
--- Appendix B to modify the effect of jewelery optimization process.
This standard by the National Standardization Technical Committee jewelery (SAC/TC298) and focal points.
This standard by the national jewels quality supervision and inspection center is responsible for drafting.
The main drafters. Zhang Beili, Gao Yan, Wang Manjun, Shen Mei winter.
The standard standard replaces the previous editions.
--- GB/T 16552-1996, GB/T 16552-2003.
Jewelery name
1 Scope
This standard specifies the terms and definitions of jewelery, naming rules and representation.
This standard applies to jewelery identification, cultural identification, commerce, customs, insurance, pawn, asset evaluation, and research and teaching, publishing literature
And other fields.
2 Normative references
The following documents for the application of this document is essential. For dated references, only the dated version suitable for use herein
Member. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies to this document.
GB 11887 jewelry precious metal purity and designation
GB/T 16553 jade jewelry appraisal
QB/T 1689 precious metal jewelry term
QB/T 2997 jewelry precious metal covering layer
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Jewelery gems
Jewelery is a natural and artificial jewelery jewelery collectively, referred to as the gem.
3.1.1
Natural jade jewelry naturalgems
Output from the natural world, with a beautiful, durable, scarcity, value of a process, the material can be processed into jewelry, natural stones are divided into natural
Organic and natural jade stones.
3.1.1.1
Natural stones naturalgemstones
Output from the natural world, with a beautiful, durable, scarcity, jewelry mineral processed into single crystal (which may contain double-crystal).
3.1.1.2
Natural jade naturaljades
Output from the natural world, with a beautiful, durable, scarce and craft value of mineral aggregates, a few amorphous body.
3.1.1.3
Natural and organic gems naturalorganicsubstances
Generated by the natural biological part or all of the organic material composition, jewelry and jewelry materials can be used.
Note 1. cultured pearls (referred to as "Pearl") also falls into this category.
3.1.2
Artificial gems artificialproducts
Material wholly or in part by the artificial production or manufacture is used as jewelery and accessories (except pure metal material), into synthetic stones, artificial
Precious stones, mosaic stones and reconstructed precious.
......
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