GB/T 16157-1996_English: PDF (GB/T16157-1996)
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GB/T 16157-1996 | English | 180 |
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[Including 2017XG] The determination of particulates and sampling methods of gaseous pollutants emitted from exhaust gas of stationary source
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GB/T 16157-1996
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Standard ID | GB/T 16157-1996 (GB/T16157-1996) | Description (Translated English) | [Including 2017XG] The determination of particulates and sampling methods of gaseous pollutants emitted from exhaust gas of stationary source | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | Classification of Chinese Standard | Z11 | Classification of International Standard | 13.030 | Word Count Estimation | 39,342 | Date of Issue | 1996-03-06 | Date of Implementation | 1996-03-06 | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB 9078-1988 | Drafting Organization | Institute of Environmental Health and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine | Summary | This standard specifies the flue, chimney and exhaust and other stationary source emission sampling method for determination of granule matter and gaseous pollutants. This standard applies to all kinds of boilers, industrial furnaces, and other stationary sources of particulate matter in the exhaust gas and gaseous pollutants. |
GB/T 16157-1996
GB
National Standard
of the People's Republic of China
The determination of particulates and sampling methods of
gaseous pollutants emitted from exhaust gas of
stationary source
ISSUED ON. MARCH 6, 1996
IMPLEMENTED ON. MARCH 6, 1996
Issued by. State Environmental Protection Administration;
and State Technical Supervision Administration
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Content and applicable scope ... 4
2 Definitions ... 4
3 Determination and calculation content ... 4
4 Basic requirements of sampling ... 5
5 Determination of exhaust gas parameters ... 9
6 Calculation of exhaust gas density and gas molecular weight ... 18
7 Determination of flow speed and flow of exhaust gas ... 20
8 Determination of particulates emitted from exhaust gas ... 24
9 Gaseous pollutants sampling method ... 36
10 Calculation of sampling volume ... 49
11 Calculation of concentration and emission rate of particulates or gaseous pollutants ... 50
12 Calibration of instruments ... 52
Foreword
In order to implement the national and provincial standards for emission of atmospheric pollutants,
normalize the monitoring of the organized emission from stationary sources, especially the sampling
methods, this Standard is drafted.
The determination content of particulates specified in this Standard includes sampling, determination and
calculation, monitoring of stationary sources shall usually be executed according to this Standard, unless
otherwise specified in relevant emission standards or analysis method standards. For example, the emission
standard of thermal power plants - there are other specified provisions in analysis method standard for
chrome (sulfuric) acid mist, lead (or other metals) and their compounds - shall also comply [with this
Standard]. As the monitoring of gaseous pollutant emission is complicated, the specifications related to
sampling in this Standard shall be deemed as general requirements. When sampling, those specific
stipulations in relevant emission standards and standards for gaseous pollutants analysis methods shall also
be complied.
This Standard does not specifically cover the operating conditions and frequency requirements of
completion acceptance monitoring and routine supervisory monitoring of stationary pollutant source. When
monitoring, it shall adopt relevant emission standards, monitoring specifications, and the regulations on
completion acceptance monitoring of construction projects by the National Environmental Protection
Administration.
Because the operating condition requirements of boiler emission monitoring are not specified in the
emission standard, it is specified in flue dust test method, therefore, GB 5468-91 “Test Method of Boiler
Flue Dust” shall be remained even though this Standard is approved and issued. It shall not be deemed that
there is contradiction between this Standard and GB 5468-91. When implementing monitoring, when
executing provisions, those unclear matters shall still be based on this Standard. In addition, GB 9078-88
“Test Method of Industrial Kiln Flue Dust” has been covered by this Standard.
After the date of implementation of this Styandard, GB 9078-88 “Test Method of Industrial Kiln Flue Dust”
shall be abolished.
The General Environmental Monitoring Station of China is authorized for interpretation of this Standard.
The determination of particulates and sampling methods of
gaseous pollutants emitted from exhaust gas of stationary source
1 Content and applicable scope
1.1 This Standard specifies the determination methods of particulates in exhaust gas emitted from
stationary sources such as flue ducts, chimneys and gas exhaust cylinders (hereafter called “flue duct”), and
sampling methods of gaseous pollutants.
1.2 This Standard applies to determination of particulates in exhaust gas emitted from stationary pollution
sources such as various boilers, industrial kilns and other pollution sources, and sampling of gaseous
pollutants.
2 Definitions
2.1 Particulates
Particulates refer to those solid and liquid particulate matters suspending in the exhaust gas, which are
generated during combustion, composition, decomposition of fuel and other substances, or generated
during mechanical treatment of various materials.
2.2 Gaseous pollutants
Gaseous pollutants refer to those various pollutants in gaseous state dispersed in the exhaust gas.
2.3 Dry exhaust gas under standard condition
Dry exhaust gas under standard condition refers to the exhaust gas which does not contain moisture at the
temperature of 273K, and the pressure of 101,300Pa.
3 Determination and calculation content
3.1 Determination of the exhaust gas parameters (temperature, pressure, moisture and composition).
3.2 Calculation of the exhaust gas density and gas molecular weight.
3.3 Determination of exhaust gas flow speed and flow.
3.4 Determination of particulates in exhaust gas and calculation of emission concentration and emission
rate.
3.5 Sampling of gaseous pollutants in exhaust gas and calculation of emission concentration and emission
rate.
4 Basic requirements of sampling
4.1 Sampling operating conditions
Sampling shall be conducted when the production equipment is under normal operating conditions, or
according to the requirements of relevant pollutant emission standard, to determine under under the
specified operating conditions.
4.2 Sampling positions and sampling points
4.2.1 Sampling positions
4.2.1.1 Vertical pipe section shall be preferably selected as sampling position. The bend of flue duct and
those areas with sharp-section shall be avoided. Sampling positions shall be located no less than 6 times the
diameter at downstream from bends, valves and reducers, and no less than 3 times the diameter at upstream
from above parts. For rectangular flue duct, its equivalent diameter is D = 2AB/(A+B), where A, B are the
lengths of sides.
4.2.1.2 For gaseous pollutants, because it is well mixed, its sampling positions may be not restricted by
above specifications, however, it shall avoid vortex area. If the flow of exhaust gas is determined at the
same time, the sampling position shall still be selected according to 4.2.1.1.
4.2.1.3 Those places which are hazardous for operation of test personnel shall be avoided as sampling
positions.
4.2.2 Sampling holes
4.2.2.1 Sampling hole shall be made at selected measurement position. The sampling hole inner diameter
shall not be less than 80mm, length of sampling tube shall not be longer than 50mm. When it is not used, it
shall be covered by plate, tube plug or tube cap (Fig.1, Fig.2, and Fig.3). When it is only used for sampling
gaseous pollutants, its inner diameter shall not be less than 40mm.
4.2.2.2 For flue duct that delivers high temperature or toxic gas under positive pressure, it shall adopt
sealed sampling hole with gate valve (Fig. 4).
Fig. 1 Sampling hole with
plate (unit. mm)
Fig. 2 Sampling hole with
tube plug (unit. mm)
Fig. 3 Sampling hole with
tube cap (unit. mm)
a) The vacuum bottle and injector shall be subject to gas leakage test before installation.
(1) Leakage test of the vacuum bottle. Connect the vacuum bottle with the vacuum gauge and reduce the
pressure by drawing gas until the absolute pressure drops to 1.33kPa. After it is laid aside for 1h, if the
absolute pressure in the balloon does not exceed 2.66kPa, the balloon is deemed as gas tight.
(2) Leakage test of the injector. After damping the bolt of the injector with water, aspirate air to 1/4 scale
and tightly block the inlet hole with a rubber cap. Push in and draw out the bolt for several times. If the bolt
returns to the original position every time, the injector may be deemed as gas tight.
b) Fill the vacuum bottle with proper amount of absorption liquid. Reduce the pressure in the vacuum
bottle with the vacuum pump till the absorption liquid boils and close the cock. Before sampling, measure
the absolute pressure in the vacuum bottle with vacuum gauge and note it down.
c) Take a 100ml washing bottle and fill it with wash liquid, i.e. 5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution for
acid measured gas and 3mol/L sulfuric acid solution for caustic measured gas, to wash the gas.
d) Ball-joint or cone joint shall be used for connection of the vacuum bottle or injector with other
components.
e) Connect the vacuum bottle or injector as shown in Fig. 29 and Fig. 30. The vacuum bottle and injector
shall be placed as close to the sampling tube as possible.
f) Leakage test of the sampling system. After tightly blocking the connecting tube at the outlet end of the
sampling tube, turn on the aspirator pump to draw gas till the pressure indicated by the vacuum gauge rises
to 13kPa, and then close the valve on one side of the pump. If the pressure indica...
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