GB/T 11344-2021 PDF English
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| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivery | Name of Chinese Standard | Status |
| GB/T 11344-2021 | English | 470 |
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Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic thickness measurement
| Valid |
| GB/T 11344-2008 | English | 879 |
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4 days
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Non-destructive testing -- Practice for measuring thickness by ultrasonic pulse-echo contact method
| Obsolete |
| GB/T 11344-1989 | English | 279 |
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3 days
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Measuring thickness by ultrasonic pulse-echo contact method
| Obsolete |
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GB/T 11344-2021: Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic thickness measurement---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT11344-2021
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 19.100
CCS J 04
Replacing GB/T 11344-2008
Non-destructive Testing - Ultrasonic Thickness
Measurement
(ISO 16809.2017, NEQ)
Issued on. MAY 21, 2021
Implemented on. DECEMBER 1, 2021
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 5
2 Normative References... 5
3 Terms and Definitions... 5
4 Method Summary... 5
5 General Requirements... 8
6 Measurement Preparation... 10
7 Instrument Settings... 14
8 Testing Reports and Records... 17
Appendix A (informative) Ultrasonic Sound Velocity of Common Engineering
Application Materials... 19
Appendix B (informative) Ultrasonic Thickness Measurement of Corrosion of
Vessels and Pipelines... 22
Appendix C (informative) Selection of Measurement Method... 29
Appendix D (informative) Factors Affecting Measurement Accuracy... 33
Appendix E (informative) Instrument Settings under Special Testing Conditions
... 44
Bibliography... 46
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the ultrasonic thickness measurement through the ultrasonic
pulse-echo contact method.
This Standard is applicable to the ultrasonic thickness measurement of metal and non-
metal materials.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute the indispensable clauses of this
document through the normative references. In terms of references with a specified
date, only versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of
references without a specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications)
is applicable to this document.
GB/T 9445 Non-destructive Testing - Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel
(GB/T 9445-2015, ISO 9712.2012, IDT)
GB/T 12604.1 Non-destructive Testing - Terminology - Ultrasonic Testing (GB/T
12604.1-2020, ISO 5577.2017, MOD)
GB/T 20737 Non-destructive Testing - General Terms and Definitions (GB/T 20737-
2006, ISO/TS 18173.2005, IDT)
GB/T 36439 Non-destructive Testing - Certification and Qualification of Aerospace
Non-destructive Testing Personnel
3 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 12604.1 and GB/T 20737 are applicable to
this document.
4 Method Summary
4.1 By measuring the time for the ultrasonic signals transmitted by the probe to pass
through the measured material for one, two or multiple times, the thickness of the
measured material is determined.
4.2 The sound velocity of the measured material is a function of the physical properties
of the material. In terms of a given material, it is usually assumed that the sound
velocity of the material is a constant.
4.3 Ultrasonic thickness measurement can be achieved through the following four
methods shown in Figure 1.
5 General Requirements
5.1 Instruments
5.1.1 The instruments shall be able to easily adjust and display the thickness value
within the measurement range. The time baseline adjustment function has different
names on different instruments, for example, range, scan, material calibration or sound
velocity.
5.1.2 The digital direct-reading ultrasonic thickness gauge converts the sound path
time between the initial pulse and the first echo, or multiple echoes into a meter
indication or digital display. This type of instruments are used for the thickness
measurement of the product within a specific material and thickness range, and directly
digitally display the thickness.
5.2 Probes
5.2.1 Ultrasonic thickness measurement shall adopt dual-element or single-element
longitudinal-wave probes.
5.2.2 The other specific requirements for the probes are shown in 6.3.
5.3 Coupling Agent
5.3.1 Ultrasonic thickness measurement satisfies the acoustic coupling between the
probe and the material by applying fluid or gel. The coupling agent shall have good
sound permeability and have no adverse effects on the tested materials, equipment
and operating personnel.
5.4 Calibration Blocks
The sound velocity and thickness of the calibration blocks shall be already-known, and
identical or similar to the material of the tested product. The calibration blocks can be
in a set or a step. The thickness of the blocks should cover the thickness range of the
tested product.
5.5 Testing Personnel
6 Measurement Preparation
6.1 Surface Condition
6.1.1 The surface of the tested product shall be clean and flat, and free of loose surface
or non-sticky coatings. The measurement contact area shall be not less than 2 times
the diameter of the probe. Poor contact may cause the loss of acoustic energy and
changes in signal and sound beam propagation paths.
6.2 Selection of Methods
6.2.1 General requirements
6.2.1.1 Ultrasonic thickness measurement is usually applied to the following two fields.
6.2.1.2 In accordance with the material, geometrical shape and thickness of the tested
product, as well as the requirements for measurement accuracy, appropriate
instruments and measurement methods shall be selected. See Appendix C and
Appendix D.
6.2.2 Measurement during manufacture
6.2.2.1 When the pulse echo method is adopted for measurement (Method 1, Method
2 and Method 3), see Appendix C (Figure C.1 and Figure C.2).
6.2.3 In-service measurement of residual wall thickness
6.2.3.1 In-service measurement is mainly applied to the residual thickness
measurement of corroded and abrasive products. It is recommended to use dual-
element probe; the measurement of low reflection echo area may appropriately
increase the gain.
6.2.3.2 When measuring many data points with location information, instruments with
data recording function should be used.
6.3 Selection of Probe
6.3.1 Broadband probes excite a shorter pulse than narrowband probes and have a
better resolution. They are generally used for the thickness measurement of coatings
or thin plates. When measuring high-attenuation materials, the broadband probes can
obtain more stable echoes.
6.3.4 When measuring products with a relatively small thickness, the delay block probe
and Method 2 or Method 3 may be used for the measurement. When the acoustic
impedance of the delay block material is relatively low, for example, plastic delay block
being placed on the metal for measurement, the interface echo may generate a phase
shift, which shall be corrected to obtain accurate measurement results. Some
thickness gauges have the function of automatic correction.
6.3.5 When the surface temperature of the material is relatively high, and the delay
block is used as a thermal barrier, the delay block shall be able to withstand the
temperature of the tested product.
6.3.6 In accordance with different thicknesses and materials, the frequency range of
the probes may be between 100 kHz for the measurement of high-attenuation
materials and 50 MHz for the measurement of thin metals sheets.
6.4 Thickness Measurement under Special Conditions
6.4.1 General requirements
6.4.2 Measurement below the temperature of 0 °C
6.4.3 Measurement in high-temperature environment
6.4.3.1 When the temperature is higher than 60 °C, high-temperature probe shall be
used, and the coupling agent shall satisfy the requirements for use at the testing
temperature.
6.4.3.2 When using ultrasonic flaw detector with A-scan display, the instrument should
have a screen-locking function to facilitate the testing personnel’s evaluation of the
response signal. The contact time of the probe shall be limited to the shortest time
6.4.4 Measurement in hazardous environment
6.4.4.1 When measuring in hazardous environment, the current laws and regulations
on safety shall be strictly abided by.
7 Instrument Settings
7.1 Settings of Ultrasonic Flaw Detector with A-scan display
7.1.1 Combination of ultrasonic flaw detector with A-scan display and direct-
contact single-element probe
7.1.2 Combination of ultrasonic flaw detector with A-scan display and delay
block single-element probe
7.1.2.1 When using the delay block single-element probe, the instrument shall be able
to correct the time of passing the delay block, so that it can correspond to zero
thickness at the end of the delay. The instrument shall have “delay” control or electronic
automatic zero adjustment function.
7.1.2.2 If the sound velocity can be adjusted in advance to the sound velocity of a given
material, then, it can be calibrated through the method of adjusting the delay control,
until the instrument displays the correct thickness value. If the sound velocity cannot
be set, the following methods may also be used to set the instrument.
7.1.2.3 Another method for the adjustment of the delay block probe is a variation of the
method specified in 7.1.2.2.
7.1.3 Combination of ultrasonic flaw detector with A-scan display and dual-
element probe
7.1.4 Instrument settings for high-precision thickness measurement of thick
parts
7.1.4.1 The basic setting is performed in accordance with the method specified in 7.1.1.
The calibration block shall accurately calibrate the thickness value of the entire
scanning distance, which is, about 10 mm or 25 mm for full screen.
7.2 Settings of Digital Direct-reading Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge
7.2.1 The instrument shall have the functions of “sound velocity setting” (or “material
selection” or “sound velocity correction”) and “zero correction”.
7.2.2 Usually, the blocks with the same material as the tested product are used. One
with a thickness not smaller than the maximum value of the measured thickness, and
the other with a thickness not greater than the minimum value of the measured
thickness.
7.2.3 The probe is placed on the thicker block; adjust the “sound velocity setting” of the
instrument, so that the reading displayed by the thickness gauge is close to the known
value.
7.3 Settings of Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge with A-scan display
The settings of A-scan thickness gauge that directly displays thickness are shown in
7.1 and 7.2.
7.4 Instrument Settings for Thickness Measurement under Special Testing
Conditions
The instrument settings for thickness measurement under special testing conditions
are shown in Appendix E.
7.5 Verification of Instrument Settings
When the following situations occur, the instrument settings shall be verified.
8 Testing Reports and Records
8.1 Testing Reports
The relevant information and data of the measurement process shall be recorded in
detail in accordance with the actual situation of operation on the site. In addition to the
information required by the contract, at least the following contents shall be included.
8.2 Testing Records
Generally, the following contents are included.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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