GB/T 1029-2021 PDF English
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Test procedures for three-phase synchronous machines
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GB/T 1029-2021: Test procedures for three-phase synchronous machines---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT1029-2021
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 29.160.01
CCS K 21
Replacing GB/T 1029-2005
Test Procedures for Three-phase Synchronous Machines
Issued on. MAY 21, 2021
Implemented on. DECEMBER 1, 2021
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 5
2 Normative References... 5
3 Terms and Definitions... 6
4 Symbols... 12
5 Basic Requirements... 15
6 General Tests... 23
7 Efficiency Determination... 41
8 Thermal Test... 66
9 Determination of Voltage Regulation Performance at Self-excitation Constant Voltage
... 78
10 Determination of Torque and Moment of Inertia... 80
11 Overcurrent and Mechanical Strength Test... 90
12 Negative Sequence Current Withstand Test... 91
13 Determination of Dynamic Characteristics of Stator Winding Terminals... 91
14 Tests for Determining Various Parameters... 91
15 Determination of Various Parameters... 112
Appendix A (normative) No-load Short-circuit Method to Obtain Value when
Excitation Winding Temperature Rises... 148
Appendix B (normative) Calculation Scheme of Frequency Response Characteristics
... 150
Appendix C (normative) Common Motor Models... 153
Bibliography... 155
1 Scope
This document describes the test methods for three-phase synchronous motors, including
general test, efficiency determination, thermal test, voltage regulation performance
determination during self-excitation constant voltage, determination of rotation and torque
inertia, overcurrent and mechanical strength tests, negative sequence current bearing capacity
test, determination of dynamic characteristics of stator winding terminals, and tests for
determining various parameters, etc.
This document is applicable to three-phase synchronous motors with a rated power of 1 kW
(kVA).
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 755-2019 Rotating Electrical Machines - Rating and Performance
GB/T 7409.3 Excitation System for Synchronous Electrical Machines - Technical
Requirements of Excitation System for Large and Medium Synchronous Generators
GB/T 10068 Mechanical Vibration of Certain Machines with Shaft Heights 56 mm and Higher
- Measurement, Evaluation and Limits of Vibration Severity
GB/T 10069.1 Measurement of the Airborne Noise Emitted by Rotating Electrical Machines
and the Noise Limits - Part 1.Method for the Measurement of Airborne Noise Emitted by
Rotating Electrical Machines
GB/T 10585 Fundamental Requirements of Excitation Systems for Medium and Small
Synchronous Machines
GB/T 15548 General Specification for Three-phase Synchronous Generators Driven by
Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine
3 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 755-2019, GB/T 25442 and GB/T 34861, and the
following are applicable to this document.
3.1 routine test
A test performed on each motor during manufacture or after completion of manufacture to
determine whether it complies with the standards.
[source. GB/T 2900.25-2008, 411-53-02]
3.2 load
At a given moment, the value of all electrical (generator) and mechanical (electric motor)
quantities applied to a motor through an electrical circuit or mechanical device.
3.3 no-load
The motor is in a rotating state with zero power output (with the others in normal operation
conditions).
3.4 thermal equilibrium
A state, in which, the temperature rise of the motor’s heating components does not exceed 1 K
within 0.5 h.
3.5 efficiency
The ratio of output power to input power expressed in the same unit.
3.6 initial starting impedance (synchronous motors)
When the motor is stationary, the ratio of the applied armature voltage to the steady-state
average armature current.
4 Symbols
The following symbols are applicable to this document.
f. frequency, expressed in (Hz)
fN. rated frequency, expressed in (Hz)
G(js). excitation factor frequency response characteristics complex number
H. stored energy constant, expressed in (s)
I, i. current, expressed in (A)
Ifk. excitation current, corresponding to the rated armature short-circuit current, expressed in
(A)
IfN. rated excitation current, expressed in (A)
IN. rated current, expressed in (A)
Kc. short circuit ratio
n. operating speed, expressed in (r/s)
P. power, expressed in (W)
P0.no-load input power, expressed in (W)
P1.input power, excluding excitation power1), expressed in (W)
P2.output power, expressed in (W)
Pb. brush power loss, expressed in (W)
Pe. excitation circuit loss, expressed in (W)
P1E. separately excited excitation power, expressed in (W)
PEd. exciter loss, expressed in (W)
Pel. electric power, excluding excitation power, expressed in (W)
Pf. excitation winding loss, expressed in (W)
5 Basic Requirements
5.1 Motor Status during Test
In order to make the test conditions equivalent to or extremely approximate to normal operating
conditions, the test shall be carried out on the motor with the main components installed and
assembled.
5.2 Power Supply
5.2.1 Voltage
The power supply voltage shall comply with the requirements of 7.1, 7.2 and 7.3 in GB/T 755- 2019.
5.3 Test Instruments
5.3.1 General requirements
The environmental conditions shall be within the range specified by the instrument
manufacturer, and temperature corrections should be performed in accordance with the
instrument manufacturer’s instructions.
5.3.2 Electricity meter
The measurement instruments used in the test and their accessories, such as. measurement
transformers, shunts and electric bridges, shall have Class 0.5 accuracy as specified in IEC
60051.When the efficiency test is determined by the direct method, the electricity meter shall
have Class 0.2 accuracy as specified in IEC 60051; when the power factor is 1.0, the total
uncertainty shall reach Class 0.2.If a transformer or sensor is used, all its errors shall be
included.
5.4 Resistance
5.4.1 General requirements
DC resistance shall be directly measured at the winding terminals with the rotor at rest.
The armature winding resistance shall be respectively measured for each phase. If for some
reason, the phase resistance cannot be directly measured, then, it shall be measured between
each pair of terminals of the armature winding.
The identification No. of the test instrument shall be recorded, so that the same test instrument
can be used for thermal test.
5.4.3 Winding temperature
The winding test temperature shall be determined in accordance with one of the following
methods (in the listed sequence).
5.4.4 Correction to the reference cooling medium temperature
The temperature correction coefficient of the winding resistance shall be determined in
accordance with Formula (2).
5.5 Excitation Circuit
5.5.1 Exciter type and exciter loss
In accordance with the following excitation system types, determine the exciter loss PEd (W).
6 General Tests
6.1 Determination of Insulation Resistance
6.1.1 Determination of insulation resistance of winding to enclosure and between windings
6.1.1.1 Motor status during measurement
When measuring the insulation resistance of motor windings, it shall be respectively performed
in the cold state and thermal state (or after thermal test). During the routine test, unless
otherwise specified, measurement is allowed to be performed in the actual cold state. When
measuring insulation resistance, the winding temperature shall be simultaneously measured and
recorded. When measuring in the actual cold state, the ambient medium temperature can be
taken as the winding temperature.
6.1.2 Determination of other insulation resistance
6.2 Determination of DC Terminal Resistance and Phase Resistance of Winding in
Actual Cold State
6.2.1 Determination of winding temperature in actual cold state
Place the motor indoors for a period of time and use a thermometer (or embedded thermometer)
to measure the motor winding, iron core and ambient temperature. The difference between the
measured temperature and the cooling medium temperature shall not exceed 2 K. For large and
medium-sized motors, there shall be measures to insulate the thermometer from the outside
world and the thermometer shall be placed for no less than 15 minutes.
6.2.2 Determination of DC terminal resistance of winding
6.3 Determination of Shaft Voltage
The motor under test shall be in no-load operation at the rated voltage and rated speed. The
typical measurement diagram is shown in Figure 4.Use a high internal resistance AC voltmeter
to determine the shaft voltage U1 first, then, short-circuit the uninsulated end of the shaft with
its bearing seat (short-circuit any one side of the double-sided insulated shaft), and determine
the voltage U2 (i.e., the oil film voltage) of the other end to the bearing seat, then, determine the
voltage U3 of the bearing seat to the ground. The measurement point surface shall have good
contact with the voltmeter leads.
6.4 Determination of No-load Characteristics (no-load saturation test)
6.14 Armature Winding Insulation DC Leakage Current Test and DC Withstand Voltage Test
6.14.1 General requirements
When each phase or each branch of the three-phase armature winding is separately led out at
the beginning and end, a leakage current test to the ground shall be respectively carried out.
Before testing one phase or one branch of the winding, the other two-phase windings or other
branches shall be grounded.
6.14.2 Test methods
6.14.2.1 Air-cooled or hydrogen-cooled armature winding
7 Efficiency Determination
7.1 Overview
7.1.1 Direct and indirect methods for efficiency determination
The tests can be grouped into the following three categories.
7.1.2 Uncertainty
The uncertainty described in this document refers to the uncertainty in determining the true
value of efficiency, which reflects the differences in test methods and test equipment.
Although the uncertainty value should be expressed as a numerical value, this value needs to
be determined by sufficient tests to ensure that it is representative and comparable.
7.1.3 Preferred methods and methods for customer-specific protocol tests, field tests and
routine tests
7.3 Field or Routine Test Methods
7.3.1 Overview
The test methods specified in Table 5 may be used for any tests, such as. field tests, customer-
specific protocol tests and routine tests.
In addition, the preferred methods of Table 3 and Table 4 may also be used beyond their
specified scopes.
7.4 Special Test Methods for Determining Various Loss of Large Motors
The special test methods for determining the various losses of large motors include the
calibration motor method, self-deceleration method and calorimetric method, which shall be
carried out in accordance with the methods specified in GB/T 34861.
8 Thermal Test
8.1 Overview
8.1.1 Reference cooling medium
Table 5 of GB/T 755-2019 specifies the reference cooling medium for specified motor cooling
methods. If a third cooling medium is used, the temperature of the primary or secondary cooling
medium above that specified in this Table shall be measured to determine the temperature rise.
8.1.2 Thermal test conditions
8.1.2.1 Power supply
During the thermal test of the AC motor, the HVF value of the power supply shall not be greater
than 0.015, the negative sequence component of the voltage system shall be less than 0.5% of
the positive sequence component, and the influence of the zero sequence component shall be
eliminated.
8.1.2.3 Cooling medium temperature
The motor can be tested at any suitable cooling medium temperature, see Table 12 (indirect
cooling winding) or Table 15 (direct cooling winding) of GB/T 755-2019.
8.1.3 Temperature measurement method
8.1.3.1 Overview
There are three generally accepted methods for measuring the temperature of winding and other
parts.
8.2 Determination of Cooling Medium Temperature during Test
8.2.1 General requirements
The average value of several thermometer readings measured at equal time intervals during the
last quarter of the test shall be used as the cooling medium temperature during the test. To avoid
errors caused by the time lag generated when the temperature of large motors cannot rapidly
change accordingly with the temperature of the cooling medium, all appropriate measures shall
be taken to reduce the change in the temperature of the cooling medium.
8.3 Determination of the Temperature of Various Parts of the Motor during test
8.3.1 Determination of winding temperature
8.4 Thermal Test Duration
8.4.1 Continuous duty rating
The test shall be continued until thermal stability is reached.
8.4.2 Short-time duty rating
The test shall be carried out in accordance with the time specified in the quota.
8.4.3 Periodic duty rating
The test is usually carried out using the equivalent load rating specified by the manufacturer (as
specified in 5.2.6 of GB/T 755-2019), until thermal stability is reached. If the agreement is to
test in accordance with the actual duty, then, it shall continuously operate in accordance with
the specified load cycle, until practically the same temperature cycle is reached. The criterion
for judgment is to connect the corresponding points of two consecutive working cycles into a
straight line, the gradient of which shall be less than 1 K/0.5 h. If necessary, measurements shall
be carried out at appropriate intervals over a period of time.
9 Determination of Voltage Regulation Performance at Self-
excitation Constant Voltage
9.1 Determination of Steady-state Voltage Regulation
9.1.1 Inspection of voltage setting range
9.1.2 Determination of steady-state voltage regulation
The steady-state voltage regulation of the generator shall be measured in cold or thermal state,
in accordance with the voltage, power factor and speed specified in the standards.
Before the test, the generator is no-load and the speed is adjusted to the specified value. Adjust
the voltage setting device to set the voltage within the specified voltage regulation range. For
uncontrollable phase compound excitation generators, it is allowed to adjust the load and power
factor to the rated value before measurement, then, gradually reduce the load to zero, and repeat
to set the voltage within the voltage regulation range.
9.1.3 Determination of voltage changes in cold and thermal states
During the test, first adjust the generator to the rated working mode, fix the voltage setting
device, maintain operation at the rated frequency, rated power and rated power factor, and the
voltage deviation from the cold state to the actual stable temperature is the change in the
generator's cold and thermal state voltage. During the test, the change in ambient temperature
shall not exceed 10 K.
9.2 Determination of Voltage Deviation When the Generator Operates under
Asymmetrical Load
During the test, the generator is at no-load rated speed and rated voltage. First, add a three-
phase symmetrical load of 25% rated power, with a power factor of 0.8 (lagging).
The loading method for three-phase three-wire generators shall comply with the provisions of
the standards for this type of motor.
9.3 Determination of Transient Voltage Change Rate
The determination of the transient voltage change rate shall be carried out in accordance with
the method specified in GB/T 15548.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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