GB 5009.284-2021_English: PDF (GB5009.284-2021)
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National Food Safety Standard - Determination of vanillin, methyl vanillin, ethyl vanillin and coumarin in foods
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GB 5009.284-2021
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| Standard ID | GB 5009.284-2021 (GB5009.284-2021) | | Description (Translated English) | National Food Safety Standard - Determination of vanillin, methyl vanillin, ethyl vanillin and coumarin in foods | | Sector / Industry | National Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | X40 | | Classification of International Standard | 67.220 | | Word Count Estimation | 19,170 | | Date of Issue | 2021-09-07 | | Date of Implementation | 2022-03-07 | | Issuing agency(ies) | National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, State Administration for Market Regulation |
GB 5009.284-2021
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
National Food Safety Standard - Determination of
vanillin, methyl vanillin, ethyl vanillin and coumarin in
foods
ISSUED ON: SEPTEMBER 07, 2021
IMPLEMENTED ON: MARCH 07, 2022
Issued by: National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China;
State Administration for Market Regulation.
Table of Contents
1 Scope ... 3
2 Principle ... 3
3 Reagents and materials ... 3
4 Instruments and apparatuses ... 5
5 Analysis steps ... 5
6 Expression of the analysis results ... 7
7 Precision ... 8
8 Others ... 8
9 Principle ... 8
10 Reagents and materials ... 8
11 Instruments and apparatuses ... 10
12 Analysis steps ... 11
13 Expression of the analysis results ... 14
14 Precision ... 15
15 Others ... 15
16 Principle ... 15
17 Reagents and materials ... 15
18 Instruments and apparatuses ... 16
19 Analysis steps ... 16
20 Expression of the analysis results ... 19
21 Precision ... 19
22 Others ... 19
Appendix A Liquid chromatograms of vanillin, methyl vanillin, ethyl vanillin and
coumarin ... 20
Appendix B Four compounds and corresponding deuterated isotope internal
standard liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry
characteristic ion chromatograms ... 21
Appendix C Four compounds and their corresponding deuterated isotope
internal standard gas chromatography-mass spectrometry characteristic ion
scanning chromatograms and mass spectrograms ... 25
National Food Safety Standard - Determination of
vanillin, methyl vanillin, ethyl vanillin and coumarin in
foods
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the determination methods of vanillin, methyl vanillin,
ethyl vanillin and coumarin in foods.
This Standard applies to the determination of vanillin, methyl vanillin, ethyl
vanillin and coumarin in infant formula, complementary foods for infants and
young children, cakes, candies, milk and dairy products, beverages, and wheat
flour.
Method I – Liquid chromatography
2 Principle
Add water to mix the sample; then, add acetonitrile for ultrasonic extraction; use
liquid chromatography for separation, ultraviolet detector or diode array
detector for detection, and external standard method for quantitation.
3 Reagents and materials
Unless otherwise specified, all the reagents in this method are analytical
reagents, the water is grade-1 water as specified in GB/T 6682.
3.1 Reagents and materials
3.1.1 Acetonitrile (CH3CH): chromatographic pure.
3.1.2 Formic acid (HCOOH): chromatographic pure.
3.1.3 Methanol (CH3OH): chromatographic pure.
3.1.4 Sodium chloride (NaCl)
3.1.5 Concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl): 12 mol/L.
3.1.6 Microporous membrane: 0.45 μm, organic phase type.
3.4.3 Standard mixed series working solution: respectively draw 0.2 mL, 1.0 mL
and 5.0 mL of standard mixed intermediate solution (10 mg/L); put them in the
10 mL volumetric flasks; besides, respectively draw 0.2 mL, 0.5 mL and 1 mL
of standard stock solutions (1 000 mg/L) of vanillin, methyl vanillin, ethyl vanillin
and coumarin; put them in the 10 mL volumetric flasks; add methanol-aqueous
solution to fix volume to the mark; mix well. The concentrations of standard
mixed series working solutions are 0.2 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 5.0 mg/L, 20.0 mg/L,
50.0 mg/L, 100.0 mg/L, respectively; prepare them for immediate use.
4 Instruments and apparatuses
4.1 Liquid chromatograph: equipped with diode array or UV detector.
4.2 Balance: the sensitivity is 0.1 mg and 0.01 g.
4.3 Vortex mixer.
4.4 Centrifuge.
4.5 Nitrogen concentrator.
4.6 Ultrasonic generator.
5 Analysis steps
5.1 Sample pretreatment
5.1.1 Sample preparation
Shake liquid samples well; semi-solid samples and powder samples with
uniform base materials shall be directly used for the sample extraction in 5.1.2;
other samples need to be homogenized or pulverized uniformly.
5.1.2 Sample extraction
5.1.2.1 Infant formula, complementary foods for infants and young
children
Weigh 1.00 g of sample; add 10 mL of water and 480 μL of hydrochloric acid
solution; vortex for 1 min; add 20 mL of acetonitrile; vortex for 1 min; after 30
min of ultrasonic extraction, add 5 g of sodium chloride; vortex for 2 min;
centrifuge at 8 000 r/min for 5 min; take the supernatant to a glass test tube;
use nitrogen at 40°C to blow it to near dryness; accurately add 1.0 mL of
methanol-aqueous solution to dissolve the residue; pass it through a 0.45 μm
microporous membrane; wait for later test.
5.1.2.2 Cakes, candies, milk and dairy products, beverages
Weigh 1.00 g of sample; add 5 mL of water (for gum-based candy, add 10 mL
of water, and dissolve in a water bath at 50 °C); vortex for 1 min; add 20 mL of
acetonitrile; vortex for 1 min; after 30 min of ultrasonic extraction, add 5 g of
sodium chloride; vortex for 2 min; centrifuge at 8 000 r/min for 5 min (for cake
samples with high fat content, take frozen centrifugation at 8 000 r/min); take
the supernatant to a glass test tube; use nitrogen to blow at 40 °C to nearly dry;
accurately add 1.0 mL of methanol-aqueous solution to dissolve the residue;
pass it through a 0.45 μm microporous membrane for later test.
5.1.2.3 Wheat flour
Weigh 1.00 g of sample; add 10 mL of water and 240 μL of hydrochloric acid
solution; vortex for 1 min; add 20 mL of acetonitrile; vortex for 1 min; after 30
min of ultrasonic extraction, add 5 g of sodium chloride; vortex for 2 min;
centrifuge at 8 000 r/min for 5 min; take the supernatant to a glass test tube;
use nitrogen at 40°C to blow it to near dryness; accurately add 1.0 mL of
methanol-aqueous solution to dissolve the residue; pass it through a 0.45 μm
microporous membrane; wait for later test.
5.2 Apparatus reference conditions
5.2.1 Chromatographic column: C18 column, 250 mm × 4.6 mm (inner diameter),
5 μm (filler particle size) or equivalent.
5.2.2 Column temperature: 30 °C.
5.2.3 Injection volume: 10 μL;
5.2.4 Detection wavelength: 279 nm.
5.2.5 Flow velocity: 1.0 mL/min.
5.2.6 Mobile phase
Phase A: 0.5% formic acid solution;
Phase B: Acetonitrile.
Gradient elution is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 – Gradient elution procedure
polymer which is composed of two monomers, lipophilic divinylbenzene and
hydrophilic N-vinylpyrrolidone, in a certain proportion. Use 3 mL of methanol
and 3 mL of water to activate it before use.
10.1.7 Microporous membrane: 0.22 μm, organic phase type.
10.2 Preparation of reagents
10.2.1 0.1% formic acid methanol solution: draw 1 mL of formic acid and
dissolve it in methanol and dilute to 1 000 mL; prepare it for immediate use.
10.2.2 Hydrochloric acid solution (1 mol/L): draw 8.33 mL of concentrated
hydrochloric acid; dissolve it in water and dilute to 100 mL; prepare it for
immediate use.
10.2.3 Methanol-aqueous solution (4+1): mix methanol and water at 4:1
(volume ratio) uniformly.
10.2.4 0.5% formic acid solution: draw 5 mL of formic acid; dissolve it in water
and dilute to 1 000 mL; prepare it for immediate use.
10.3 Standard substances
10.3.1 Vanillin standard substance (C8H8O3, CAS number: 121-33-5): purity
≥98%, or a standard substance that is certified by the nation and granted a
standard substance certificate.
10.3.2 Methyl vanillin standard substance (C9H10O3, CAS number: 120-14-9):
purity ≥98%, or a standard substance that is certified by the nation and granted
a standard substance certificate.
10.3.3 Ethyl vanillin standard substance (C9H10O3, CAS number: 121-32-4):
purity ≥98%, or a standard substance that is certified by the nation and granted
a standard substance certificate.
10.3.4 Coumarin standard substance (C9H6O2, CAS number: 91-64-5): purity
≥97%, or a standard substance that is certified by the nation and granted a
standard substance certificate.
10.3.5 D3-vanillin standard substance (C8H5D3O3, CAS number: 74495-74-2):
purity ≥98%.
10.3.6 D3-methyl vanillin standard substance (C9H7D3O3, CAS number:
143318-06-3): purity ≥98%.
10.3.7 D5-ethyl vanillin standard substance (C9H5D5O3, CAS number: 1335401-
74-5): purity ≥98%.
10.3.8 D4-coumarin standard substance (C9H2D4O2, CAS number: 185056-83-
1): purity ≥98%.
10.4 Preparation of standard solutions
10.4.1 Standard stock solution (1 000 mg/L): same as 3.4.1.
10.4.2 Standard mixed intermediate solution (10 mg/L): same as 3.4.2.
10.4.3 Internal standard stock solution (1 000 mg/L): accurately weigh 10 mg of
D3-vanillin, D3-methyl vanillin, D5-ethyl vanillin and D4-coumarin (accurate to 0.1
mg) respectively; place them in the 10 mL volumetric flasks respectively; use
0.1% formic acid methanol solution to dissolve and dilute to the mark; mix well;
transfer the solution to a brown glass container; store at -18 °C in the dark for
8 months.
10.4.4 Internal standard mixed intermediate solution (10 mg/L): draw 1.00 mL
of the standard stock solutions of D3-vanillin, D3-methyl vanillin, D5-ethyl vanillin
and D4-coumarin (1 000 mg/L) respectively; place them in the 100 mL
volumetric flasks; add 0.1% formic acid methanol solution to fix volume to the
mark; mix well. Transfer the solution to a brown glass container; store at -18 °C
in the dark for 3 months.
10.4.5 Standard and internal standard mixed series working solutions:
respectively draw 0.05 mL, 0.2 mL, 0.5 mL, 1 mL, 2 mL of the standard mixed
intermediate solution (10 mg/L) and 0.1 mL of the internal standard mixed
intermediate solution (10 mg/L); place them to in the 10 mL volumetric flasks;
add methanol-aqueous solution to the mark; mix well. The concentrations of the
standard and internal standard mixed series working solutions are 0.05 mg/L,
0.2 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L and 2.0 mg/L respectively; the concentration of
the internal standard is 0.1 mg/L. Prepare when necessary.
11 Instruments and apparatuses
11.1 Liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer: equipped
with electrospray ionization source.
11.2 Balance: the sensitivity is 0.1 mg and 0.01 g.
11.3 Vortex mixer.
11.4 Centrifuge.
11.5 High-speed refrigerated centrifuge.
11.6 Nitrogen concentrator.
14 Precision
The absolute difference of two independent test results under repeatability
cannot exceed 15% of the arithmetic mean value.
15 Others
The detection-limit of this method is 0.02 mg/kg; the quantitation-limit is 0.05
mg/kg.
Method III – Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
16 Principle
Add water to mix the sample well; then, use acetonitrile for ultrasonic extraction;
use the solid-phase extraction column to purify the extracting solution; then, use
gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer for determination, and internal
standard method for quantitation.
17 Reagents and materials
17.1 Reagents and materials
Same as 10.1.
17.2 Preparation of reagents
Same as 10.2.
17.3 Standard substances
Same as 10.3.
17.4 Preparation of standard solutions
17.4.1 Standard stock solution (1 000 mg/L): same as 3.4.1.
17.4.2 Standard mixed intermediate solution (10 mg/L): same as 3.4.2.
17.4.3 Internal standard stock solution (1 000 mg/L): same as 10.4.3.
17.4.4 Internal standard mixed intermediate solution (10 mg/L): same as 10.4.4.
17.4.5 Standard and internal standard mixed series working solution: same as
10.4.5.
18 Instruments and apparatuses
18.1 Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer: with electron bombardment
ionization source.
18.2 Balance: the sensitivity is 0.1mg and 0.01g.
18.3 Vortex mixer.
18.4 Centrifuge.
18.5 High-speed refrigerated centrifuge.
18.6 Nitrogen concentrator.
18.7 Ultrasonic generator.
18.8 Solid-phase extraction device.
19 Analysis steps
19.1 Sample pretreatment
19.1.1 Sample preparation
Same as 12.1.1.
19.1.2 Sample extraction
Same as 12.1.2.
19.1.3 Sample purification
Use nitrogen to blow the supernatant that is obtained in 19.1.2 to near dryness
at 40 °C; add 1 mL of methanol to dissolve the residue; use water to fix volume
to 10 mL, so that the sample solution passes through the solid-phase extraction
column at a flow rate of less than 1 mL/min. After all the sample solution flows
out, use 5 mL of water to rinse; vacuum dry at negative pressure; use 10 mL of
methanol-aqueous solution to elute; vacuum dry at negative pressure; collect
the eluate; use nitrogen to blow at 40 °C to near dryness; accurately add 1 mL
of methanol to dissolve the residue; after passing it through a 0.22 μm
microporous membrane, test it.
19.2 Apparatus reference conditions
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