GB 44240-2024_English: PDF (GB44240-2024)
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Secondary lithium cells and batteries used in electrical energy storage systems - Safety requirements
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GB 44240-2024
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| Standard ID | GB 44240-2024 (GB44240-2024) | | Description (Translated English) | Secondary lithium cells and batteries used in electrical energy storage systems - Safety requirements | | Sector / Industry | National Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | K82 | | Classification of International Standard | 29.220.99 | | Word Count Estimation | 40,449 | | Date of Issue | 2024-07-24 | | Date of Implementation | 2025-08-01 | | Administrative Organization | Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China | | Proposing organization | Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, National Standardization Administration |
GB 44240-2024
Secondary lithium cells and batteries used in electrical energy storage systems - Safety requirements
Lithium batteries and batteries for energy storage systems
Security Requirements
Secondary lithium cells and batteries used in electrical energy storage
systems-Safety requirements
ICS 29.220.99
CCS K 82
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Released on 2024-07-24
2025-08-01 Implementation
State Administration for Market Regulation
The National Standardization Administration issued
Table of Contents
Preface ··· Ⅲ
Introduction Ⅳ
1 Scope ···· 1
2 Normative references ···· 1
3 Terms and Definitions ···· 1
4 Test conditions ··· 5
4.1 Applicability of the test 5
4.2 Test environmental conditions 6
4.3 Parameter measurement tolerance 6
4.4 Temperature measurement method 6
4.5 Test charging and discharging procedures 6
4.6 Type test 6
5 General safety requirements ···· 9
5.1 General Security Considerations 9
5.2 Safe working parameters 9
5.3 Labels and warning instructions ···· 9
5.4 Safety-critical components ··· 10
6 Battery Safety ···· 11
6.1 High temperature external short circuit 11
6.2 Overcharge ···· 11
6.3 Forced Discharge 11
7 Environmental Safety ··· 12
7.1 Low Pressure ···· 12
7.2 Temperature Cycle ···· 12
7.3 Vibration 13
7.4 Acceleration shock ···· 13
7.5 Heavy Object Impact ···· 14
7.6 Extrusion ···· 14
7.7 Shallow puncture (simulating internal short circuit) 15
7.8 Thermal Abuse 15
7.9 Fall ···· 15
8 Battery System Electrical Safety ···· 17
8.1 Battery Management Unit/Battery Management System Requirements ···· 17
8.2 Test samples 17
8.3 Overvoltage Charging Control ···· 18
8.4 Overcurrent Charging Control ···· 18
8.5 Undervoltage Discharge Control ···· 19
8.6 Overheat Control ···· 19
9 Other requirements ··· 19
9.1 Abnormal heat resistance 19
9.2 Flame retardancy ···· 19
9.3 Electrical insulation inspection during transportation and installation 19
9.4 Short circuit protection during transportation and installation 20
9.5 Reverse Connection Protection 20
9.6 Battery System Dielectric Strength ··· 20
9.7 Battery Thermal Runaway and Thermal Diffusion of Battery Pack System ····· 20
Appendix A (Normative) Test sequence 22
Appendix B (Normative) Battery Thermal Runaway Test Procedure ····· 23
B.1 Test subjects 23
B.2 Test methods 23
Appendix C (Informative) Laser irradiation diffusion test procedure (see 9.7) 25
C.1 General Principles 25
C.2 Test conditions 25
Appendix D (Informative) Procedure for Diffusion Testing Using Methods Other Than Laser 27
D.1 Overview 27
D.2 Test conditions 27
D.3 Methods of Initiating Thermal Runaway 27
D.4 Internal Heating Diffusion Test Procedure Example 27
References ··· 31
Preface
This document is in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Guidelines for standardization work Part 1.Structure and drafting rules for standardization documents"
Drafting is required.
Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document does not assume the responsibility for identifying patents.
This document is proposed and coordinated by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.
introduction
This document only considers the most basic safety requirements of lithium batteries and batteries to provide protection for personal and property safety, and does not involve performance
and functional characteristics.
As technology and processes continue to develop, further revisions to this document will inevitably be required.
Hazards caused by lithium cells and batteries within the scope of this document are.
Leakage may directly cause chemical corrosion to the human body, or indirectly cause insulation failure in battery-powered electronic equipment.
Dangers of electric shock, fire, etc.
Cause fire, direct burns to human body, or create fire hazard to battery-powered electronic equipment; -
Explosion, direct harm to human body, or damage to equipment; -
Overheating, causing direct burns to the human body, or causing a decrease in insulation level and performance of safety components, or igniting flammable liquids; -
Electric shock, injury caused by the flow of electric current through the human body, such as burns, muscle spasms, ventricular fibrillation, etc. -
For battery packs whose output voltage exceeds the safety voltage limit (60 V DC), there may be a direct risk of electric shock.
Battery packs that can produce voltages exceeding the safety limit (60 V DC or 42.4 V AC peak) after being altered may also cause electric shock.
Danger.
Priorities for designing a lithium battery or battery pack.
First, if possible, give priority to materials with high safety;-
Secondly, if the above principles cannot be implemented, protective devices should be designed to reduce or eliminate the possibility of danger, such as increasing the protection
Protective devices, etc.
Finally, residual hazards that cannot be completely avoided are marked and described.
The above principles cannot replace the detailed requirements of this document, but are only intended to allow designers to understand the principles on which these requirements are based.
The safety of lithium batteries and battery packs is related to their material selection, design, production process, transportation and usage conditions.
It includes normal use conditions, reasonably foreseeable misuse, abuse and failure conditions, as well as environmental conditions that may affect its safety, such as temperature.
factors such as altitude and so on.
The safety requirements for lithium batteries and batteries cover all the hazards to personnel caused by the above factors. Personnel refers to maintenance personnel and users.
personnel.
Maintenance personnel refer to maintenance personnel of electronic equipment and its batteries. Maintenance personnel can use professional skills to avoid possible dangers when there is obvious danger.
However, maintenance personnel must be protected from unexpected hazards, such as using signs or warning instructions to remind maintenance personnel of residual
Danger.
Users refer to all personnel except maintenance personnel. Safety protection requirements assume that users have not been trained on how to identify hazards.
training, but will not intentionally create dangerous situations.
Lithium batteries and batteries for energy storage systems
Security Requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies the safety requirements for lithium secondary cells and batteries used in electrical energy storage systems and describes the corresponding test methods.
This document applies to lithium batteries and battery packs (hereinafter referred to as batteries and battery packs) for electric energy storage systems.
Applications include but are not limited to.
Telecommunications; a)
Central emergency lighting and alarm system; b)
Stationary engine starting; c)
Photovoltaic system; d)
Large capacity energy storage. grid-connected/off-grid. e)
The above list of electrical energy storage systems is not all-inclusive, and therefore unlisted equipment may also be included in the scope of this document.
The battery packs within the scope of this document are usually rated at more than 100 kWh. The safety of battery packs with a rated energy of 100 kWh or less is
See GB 40165 for requirements.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute the essential clauses of this document through normative references in this document.
For referenced documents without a date, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for referenced documents without a date, the latest version (including all amendments) applies.
in this document.
GB/T 2423.5 Environmental testing Part 2.Test method Test Ea and guidance. Impact
GB/T 2423.10 Environmental testing Part 2.Test methods Test Fc. Vibration (sinusoidal)
GB/T 2423.21 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products Part 2.Test methods Test M. Low pressure
GB/T 2423.22 Environmental testing Part 2.Test methods Test N. Temperature change
GB 4943.1-2022 Audio, video, information technology and communication technology equipment Part 1.Safety requirements
GB/T 5169.16 Fire hazard tests for electric and electronic products Part 16.Test flame 50 W horizontal and vertical flame test
method
GB/T 5169.21 Fire hazard tests for electric and electronic products Part 21.Abnormal hot ball pressure test method
GB/T 17626.2 Electromagnetic compatibility test and measurement technology Electrostatic discharge immunity test
GB 31241-2022 Safety technical specification for lithium-ion batteries and battery packs for portable electronic products
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
secondary lithium cell
A battery that generates electrochemical energy through lithium ion insertion/extraction reactions or lithium redox reactions between the positive and negative electrodes.
Note. Batteries generally contain a mixture of lithium salts and organic solvents in liquid, sol or solid electrolyte, and metal or film packaging.
The mounting case, terminals for external connection and electronic control devices cannot be used in the equipment.
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