GB 4053.1-2009_English: PDF (GB4053.1-2009)
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Safety requirements for fixed steel ladders and platform -- Part 1: Steel vertical ladders
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GB 4053.1-2009
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| GB 4053.1-1993 | English | 225 |
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Safety requirements for fixed steel vertical ladders
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| Standard ID | GB 4053.1-2009 (GB4053.1-2009) | | Description (Translated English) | Safety requirements for fixed steel ladders and platform. Part 1: Steel vertical ladders | | Sector / Industry | National Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | C68 | | Classification of International Standard | 13.100 | | Word Count Estimation | 12,178 | | Date of Issue | 2009-03-31 | | Date of Implementation | 2009-12-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB 4053.1-1993 | | Drafting Organization | Safety Science and Technology Research Institute of Jilin Province | | Administrative Organization | National Safety Standardization Technical Committee | | Regulation (derived from) | Announcement of Newly Approved National Standards No. 4, 2009 (No. 144 overall) | | Proposing organization | State Administration of Work Safety | | Issuing agency(ies) | Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China; Standardization Administration of China | | Summary | This Chinese standard applies to fixed steel ladders design, manufacture and installation of the basic safety requirements. This standard applies to industrial enterprise workplace use fixed steel ladders (except as provided otherwise standard). | | Standard ID | GB 4053.1-1993 (GB4053.1-1993) | | Description (Translated English) | Safety requirements for fixed steel vertical ladders | | Sector / Industry | National Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | C73 | | Classification of International Standard | 13.11 | | Word Count Estimation | 6,654 | | Date of Issue | 1993/12/27 | | Date of Implementation | 1994/7/1 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB 4053.1-1983 | | Quoted Standard | GB 4053.3; GBJ 205 | | Regulation (derived from) | Announcement of Newly Approved National Standards 2009 No. 4 (No. 144 overall) | | Proposing organization | Ministry of Labor of the People Republic of China | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Bureau of Technical Supervision |
GB 4053.1-2009
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 13.100
C 68
Replacing GB 4053.1-1993
Safety requirements for fixed steel ladders and
platform - Part 1: Steel vertical ladders
ISSUED ON: MARCH 31, 2009
IMPLEMENTED ON: DECEMBER 01, 2009
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Terms and definitions ... 5
4 General requirements ... 6
5 Structural requirements ... 9
Safety requirements for fixed steel ladders and
platform - Part 1: Steel vertical ladders
1 Scope
This Part specifies basic safety requirements for design, manufacture and
installation of steel vertical ladders.
This Part is applicable to steel vertical ladders that are used in workplaces in
industrial enterprises (unless otherwise specified by the standard).
2 Normative references
The provisions in following documents become the provisions of this Part of GB
4053 through reference in this Part. For dated references, the subsequent
amendments (excluding corrigendum) or revisions do not apply to this Part,
however, parties who reach an agreement based on this Part are encouraged
to study if the latest versions of these documents are applicable. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document applies.
GB 4053.3, Safety requirements for fixed steel ladders and platform - Part 3:
Industrial guardrails and steel platform
GB 50057, Design Code for Protection of Structures against Lightning
GB 50205, Standard for acceptance of construction quality of steel structures
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 fixed steel ladder
a ladder that is permanently installed on a building or equipment, forms an angle
of 75°~90° with the horizontal plane, of which the main components are made
of steel (see Figure 1)
3.2 stile (rail)
a ladder side component that is used to install rungs or other lateral load-
bearing parts
4.2 Inclination angle of steel ladder
The steel ladder shall be parallel to its fixed structural surface and as vertical
as possible to the horizontal plane. When limited by conditions and it cannot be
perpendicular to the horizontal plane, the inclination angle between the plane
of the centerline of the two ladder beams and the horizontal plane shall be in
the range of 75°~90°.
4.3 Design load
4.3.1 The design load of the stile is calculated according to 2kN of vertical
concentrated live load on its upper end after assembly and fixing (the height is
selected according to the distance between the supports; when there is no
intermediate support, it is selected according to the distance between the fixed
points). The flexural deformation in any direction shall not be more than 2mm.
4.3.2 The design load of the rung is calculated according to 1kN of vertical
concentrated live load at its midpoint. The allowable deflection is not more than
1/250 of the length of the rung.
4.3.3 Each pair of ladder supports and their connecting parts shall be able to
withstand 3kN of vertical load and 0.5kN of pull-out load.
4.4 Manufacture and installation
4.4.1 Steel ladders shall be welded. The welding requirements shall meet the
requirements of GB 50205. When other methods are used for connection, the
connection strength shall not be lower than welding. The installed ladder shall
not be skewed, twisted, deformed or have other defects.
4.4.2 The manufacturing and installation process shall ensure that the surface
of the ladder and all its components is smooth, free of sharp edges, sharp
corners, burrs or other external defects that may cause injury to the ladder user
or hinder its passage.
4.4.3 The steel ladder installed on a fixed structure shall be fixed at the bottom.
The upper support and the fixed structure are firmly connected. Open long
round holes in the stile. Use bolts to connect.
4.4.4 For the steel ladder fixed to an equipment, when the temperature
difference is large, a pair of adjacent supports shall be completely fixed while
the other pair of supports are provided with long round holes on the stile. Use
bolts to connect.
4.5 Anti-rust and anti-corrosion
4.5.1 The design of the fixed steel ladder shall minimize the accumulation of
5.2.4 For forward access ladders, the upper surface of the top rung shall be
flush with the arrival platform or roof. The distance from the center line of the
rung to the edge of the nearest structure, building or equipment in front shall be
180mm~300mm. When necessary, a guiding platform shall be provided to
reduce the passing distance to 180mm~300mm.
5.2.5 The distance from the center line of the lateral access ladder to the
platform or roof shall be 380mm~500mm. The distance between the outside of
the stile and the platform or roof shall be 180mm~300mm (see Figure 2).
5.3 Height of the ladder and protection requirements
5.3.1 The height of a single ladder shall not be greater than 10m. When the
climbing height is greater than 10m, multi-stage ladders shall be used. Use
staggered horizontal layout of the ladder. Set inter-ladder platform. The vertical
spacing of the platform shall be 6m. The height of single-stage ladder and multi-
stage ladder shall not be greater than 15m.
5.3.2 Cages shall be installed when the height of the ladder is greater than 3m.
When the height of single-stage ladder is greater than 7m, cages shall be
installed. When the climbing height is less than 7m, but the top of the ladder is
greater than 7m above the ground, floor or roof, cages shall be also set.
5.3.3 When the cage is used for multiple ladders, each ladder shall be
horizontally staggered with adjacent ladder and have sufficient spacing (see
Figure 2). A safe entry and exit guidance platform with appropriate space is
provided, so as to protect the safety of users.
5.4 Inside clear width
5.4.1 The inside clear width of the treading surface between the stiles shall be
400mm~600mm. The width shall be the same on the same climbing height. Due
to the limitation of the working surface, when the climbing height is less than
5m, the inside clear width of the ladder can be less than 400mm, but it shall not
be less than 300mm.
with a diameter of not less than 20mm, or square, rectangular or other solid or
hollow profiles with equivalent mechanical properties.
5.5.4 For ladders used in abnormal environment (such as humidity or corrosion),
the rung shall use round steel with a diameter of not less than 25mm, or square,
rectangular or other solid or hollow profiles with equivalent mechanical
properties.
5.5.5 The rungs shall be parallel to each other and set horizontally.
5.5.6 When there is a foreseeable risk of slipping due to environmental
conditions, additional anti-skid measures shall be taken on the rung.
5.6 Stile
5.6.1 The surface shape of the stile shall be such that it can provide the user
with a consistent smooth grip surface over the entire climbing height. Stiles with
irregular cross-sections (such as large angle steel, I-beam) that are
inconvenient to grip with hands shall not be used. The stile shall maintain the
same shape at the same climbing height.
5.6.2 For ladders used in normal environment, the stile shall use flat steel not
less than 60mm×10mm, or other solid or hollow steel with equivalent strength.
5.6.3 For ladders used in abnormal environment (such as humidity or corrosion),
the stile shall use flat steel not less than 60mm×12mm, or other solid or hollow
steel with equivalent strength.
5.6.4 The cross-sectional dimensions of the stile shall be consistent across the
same climbing length of the ladder. The allowable slenderness ratio shall not
be greater than 200.
5.6.5 All joints of the stile shall be designed to ensure the continuity of the entire
structure of the stile. Unless required by the material type used, no joint shall
be present at the intermediate support.
5.6.6 If it wants to take specific technical measures for the stile due to the
expansion of the temperature change caused by the expansion of the bending
or stress increase, then the above measures shall be taken at the joint.
5.6.7 The stiles of forward or lateral access ladders shall be extended to the top
of the ladder to enter and exit the plane or the height of the platform top surface
is not less than the height of the handrail specified in GB 405.3.3.
5.6.8 The top rungs of forward access ladders shall not be omitted. The
extension of the stile shall be a horn-shaped enlargement, so as to ensure that
the horizontal distance between the inner side of the top of the stile is not less
......
GB 4053.1-93
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
UDC 69.026.23:614.8
C 68
Replacing GB 4053.1-83
Safety requirements for fixed steel vertical ladders
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 27, 1993
IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 01, 1994
Issued by: The State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision
Replaced
Table of Contents
1 Subject content and scope ... 3
2 References ... 3
3 Terms ... 3
4 Technical requirements ... 4
5 Provisions on load ... 7
Additional information: ... 8
Safety requirements for fixed steel vertical ladders
1 Subject content and scope
This Standard specifies main technical requirements for design, manufacture
and installation of fixed steel ladders.
This Standard is applicable to steel ladders used for production in industrial
enterprises.
This Standard is not applicable to steel ladders used for ships, firefighting,
communication towers, telephone poles and chimneys.
2 References
GB 4053.3, Safety requirements for fixed industrial protective railings
GBJ 205, Code for construction and acceptance of steel structure
engineering
3 Terms
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 Fixed steel ladders: a steel ladder that is fixed on a building or equipment,
installed perpendicular to the horizontal plane (see Figure 1).
3.2 Stile: side beams on both sides of steel ladder.
3.3 Rung: a component for stepping on and off a ladder.
3.4 Cage: a component that is fixed on stile to protect the safety of climbers.
3.5 Support: a component that fixedly connects a steel ladder and a building or
equipment.
3.6 Handrail: a safety handle that is set at the upper end of a steel ladder.
3.7 Ladder width: the distance between the inner sides of the two stiles.
3.8 Height of the ladder: the vertical distance between the upper datum surface
of a steel ladder and the lower datum surface.
platform shall be installed when it exceeds 9m. Set stagger ladders in sections.
When the climbing height below 15m, the spacing between the inter-ladder
platforms is 5~8m. When it exceeds 15m, set up an inter-ladder platform every
5m. The platform shall be equipped with safety guard rails.
4.13 All steel ladders are welded. Welding requirements shall comply with GBJ
205. The surface of all components shall be smooth and free of burrs. The steel
ladder after installation shall not have skew, twist, deformation and other
defects.
4.14 The steel ladder fixed on the platform shall be fixed at the bottom. The
upper support is fixed to the platform beam. Open long round holes in the ladder
beam. Use bolts to hinge.
4.15 For the steel ladder fixed to the equipment, when the temperature
difference is large, one support shall be fixed while the rest supports are
provided with long round holes on the ladder beam. Use bolts to hinge.
4.16 After the steel ladder is installed, the rust must be carefully removed and
the anti-corrosion coating must be done.
5 Provisions on load
5.1 The rung is calculated by bearing 1kN of concentrated live load at the
midpoint. The allowable deflection is not more than 1/250 of the length of the
rung.
5.2 After the ladder beam is assembled and welded, its upper end bears 2kN of
concentrated live load (the height is selected according to the distance between
the supports; when there is no intermediate support, it is selected according to
the distance between the fixed points). The allowable slenderness ratio shall
not be greater than 200.
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