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Standard ID | GB 34668-2024 (GB34668-2024) | Description (Translated English) | Safety technical specification for electrical self-balancing vehicles | Sector / Industry | National Standard | Classification of Chinese Standard | J28 | Classification of International Standard | 25.040.30 | Word Count Estimation | 22,228 | Date of Issue | 2024-07-24 | Date of Implementation | 2025-08-01 | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 34668-2023 | Administrative Organization | Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People Republic of China | Proposing organization | Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, National Standardization Administration | Standard ID | GB/T 34668-2023 (GB/T34668-2023) | Description (Translated English) | Safety requirements and test methods for electrical self-balancing vehicles | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | Classification of Chinese Standard | J28 | Classification of International Standard | 25.040.30 | Word Count Estimation | 18,158 | Date of Issue | 2023-09-07 | Date of Implementation | 2024-04-01 | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 34668-2017 | Drafting Organization | Ninebot (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing Machinery Industry Automation Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Electrical Apparatus Research Institute, Wuxi Inspection, Testing and Certification Research Institute, Suzhou UL Meihua Certification Co., Ltd., China Electronic Technology Standardization Research Institute, Shanghai Motor Vehicle Inspection and Certification Technology Research Center Co., Ltd., China Quality Certification Center, Shenzhen Institute of Standards and Technology, Jiangsu Zhongke Intelligent Science and Technology Application Research Institute, Shenzhen Lexingtianxia Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai Quality Supervision and Inspection Technology Research Institute, Guangdong Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Fujian Scud Power Technology Co., Ltd., Chongqing Institute of Green Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Institute of Inspection and Quarantine Science and Technology, Beijing Jingdong Century Trading Co., Ltd., Chongqing Luban | Administrative Organization | National Robot Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 591) | Proposing organization | China Machinery Industry Federation | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, National Standardization Administration | Standard ID | GB/T 34668-2017 (GB/T34668-2017) | Description (Translated English) | Safety requirements and test methods for electrical self-balancing vehicles | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | Classification of Chinese Standard | J28 | Classification of International Standard | 25.040.30 | Word Count Estimation | 22,245 | Date of Issue | 2017-10-14 | Date of Implementation | 2018-01-01 | Drafting Organization | NARB (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing Institute of Machinery Industry Automation, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai New Century Robot Co., Ltd., Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology Application, Jiangsu CAS, Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of Electrical Technology and Economy, Shanghai Electric Science Research Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., Suzhou UL Mei Wah Certification Co., Ltd., Shanghai Motor Vehicle Testing and Certification Technology Research Center Co., Ltd., National Light Electric Vehicle and Battery Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center (Wuxi City Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute) Certification Center, China Electronics Standardization Institute, the world music Shenzhen Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai Institute of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Technology, Guangdong Institute of Product Quality Supervision, Scud Power Technology Co., Ltd., CAS Chongqing Green Intelligent | Administrative Organization | National Automation Systems and Integration Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 159) | Proposing organization | China Machinery Industry Federation | Issuing agency(ies) | General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of PRC; China National Standardization Administration |
GB 34668-2024.Safety technical specification for electric balancing vehicles
GB 34668-2024 English version. Safety technical specification for electrical self-balancing vehicles
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
ICS 25.040.30CCS J 28
Safety technical specifications for electric balancing vehicles
Safety technical specification for electrical self-balancing vehicles
2024-07-24 Release
2025-08-01 Implementation
State Administration for Market Regulation
The National Standardization Administration issued
Replace GB/T 34668-2023
Table of Contents
Preface...
1 Scope...
2 Normative referenced documents...
3 Terms and Definitions...
4 Test Conditions...
5 General safety requirements...
6 Electrical safety...
7 Mechanical Safety...
8 Environmental Reliability...
9 Test methods...
10 Symbols and Instructions...
Appendix A (Informative) Protection Circuit and Safety Analysis...
References...
Preface
This document is in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Guidelines for standardization work Part 1.Structure and drafting rules for standardization documents"
Drafting is required.
This document replaces GB/T 34668-2023 "Safety requirements and test methods for electric balance vehicles". Compared with GB/T 34668-2023,
In addition to structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows.
a) The “Scope” has been changed (see Chapter 1, Chapter 1 of the 2023 Edition);
b) the term “flying” is added (see 3.8);
c) The conditions for the driver and the test balance vehicle have been changed (see 4.2 and 4.4 of the 2023 edition);
d) Change “non-metallic materials” to “flame retardancy” requirements (see 5.1, 5.1.1 of the 2023 edition);
e) The metal material requirements have been deleted (see 5.1.2 of the 2023 edition);
f) Added clearance requirements for moving parts (see 5.3.2);
g) Changed the overspeed protection, low battery protection, hill holding capability and protection requirements (see 5.4.1, 5.4.2, 5.4.3, 2023 edition 5.4.1,
5.4.2, 5.4.3);
h) Deleted the speed limit requirements and test methods for low battery alarm of battery pack (5.4.6 and 9.1.6 of the 2023 version);
i) The anti-spin protection requirements have been changed (see 5.4.7, 5.4.8 of the 2023 edition);
j) Added switch control protection requirements and test methods (see 5.4.8, 9.1.8);
k) Changed the requirements for cells and batteries (see 5.5.1, 5.5.1 of the 2023 edition);
l) Change “fuse” to “circuit breaker protection device” (see 5.5.4, 5.5.4 of the 2023 edition);
m) The heating requirements and test methods have been changed (see 6.4, 9.2.4, 6.4, 9.2.4 of the 2023 edition);
n) Added charging interface protection requirements and test methods (see 6.6, 9.2.6);
o) Added insulation resistance requirements and test methods (see 6.7, 9.2.7)
p) Added local immersion requirements and test methods (see 8.3, 9.4.3);
q) The energy recovery overcharge protection test method has been changed (see 9.1.5, 9.1.5 of the 2023 edition);
r) The electric strength test method has been changed (see 9.2.5, 9.2.5 of the 2023 edition);
s) The dynamic strength test has been changed (see 9.3.3, 9.3.3 of the 2023 edition);
t) Added permanent marking requirements and durability requirements (see 10.2.3 and 10.2.4);
u) The instructions have been changed (see 10.4, 10.4 of the 2023 edition).
Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document does not assume the responsibility for identifying patents.
This document is proposed and coordinated by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.
The previous versions of this document and the documents it replaces are as follows.
--First published in.2017 as GB/T 34668-2017, first revised in 2023;
--This is the second revision.
Safety technical specifications for electric balancing vehicles
1 Scope
This document specifies the safety requirements for electric balancing scooters and describes the corresponding test methods.
This document applies to the design, production and sales of electric balancing vehicles that use batteries as power source.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute the essential clauses of this document through normative references in this document.
For referenced documents without a date, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for referenced documents without a date, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to
This document.
GB 3565.2-2022 Bicycle safety requirements Part 2.City and touring bicycles, youth bicycles, mountain bicycles
Requirements for bicycles and racing bikes
GB/T 4208-2017 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
GB 4706.18-2014 Particular requirements for safety battery chargers for household and similar electrical appliances
GB 4943.1-2022 Audio, video, information technology and communication technology equipment Part 1.Safety requirements
GB/T 5169.16 Fire hazard tests for electric and electronic products Part 16.Test flame 50 W horizontal and vertical flame test
method
GB/T 12350 Safety requirements for small power motors
GB 40559 Safety technical specification for lithium-ion batteries and battery packs for electric balancing vehicles and scooters
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Electric self-balancing vehicle
A device based on the inverted pendulum model and the principle of static instability, equipped with a rechargeable electric drive system, which can be controlled in an autonomous or manual mode.
A wheeled manned mobile platform that maintains dynamic balance.
Note. Electric balancing scooters are referred to as balancing scooters.
3.2
safety alarm
The electric balance vehicle detects an internal fault (such as abnormal battery voltage, balance control unit failure) or dangerous driving behavior, or the machine
When the device is in abnormal working condition, it will send a clear and noticeable alarm (such as sound, light, vibration, etc.) to the user.
3.3
Footrest tilting function
When the electric balance scooter detects that the vehicle is speeding, running at low battery or overloaded, the front end of the balance scooter's pedals will automatically tilt upwards.
It is a function to restrict users from continuing to drive in situations such as speeding, low battery or overload to protect user safety.
3.4
Enclosure
Enclosures providing the type and degree of protection appropriate for the intended use.
[Source. GB 4943.1-2022, 3.3.2.2]
......
GB/T 34668-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 25.040.30
CCS J 28
Replacing GB/T 34668-2017
Safety Requirements and Test Methods for Electrical Self-
balancing Vehicles
ISSUED ON: SEPTEMBER 7, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON: APRIL 1, 2024
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative References ... 5
3 Terms and Definitions ... 5
4 Test Conditions ... 6
5 General Safety Requirements ... 8
6 Electrical Safety ... 11
7 Mechanical Safety ... 13
8 Environmental Reliability ... 13
9 Test Methods ... 14
10 Marking and Description ... 20
Appendix A (informative) Protective Circuit and Safety Analysis ... 24
Bibliography ... 26
Safety Requirements and Test Methods for Electrical Self-
balancing Vehicles
1 Scope
This document defines the terms and definitions of electrical self-balancing vehicles, specifies
the test conditions, general safety requirements, electrical safety, mechanical safety,
environmental reliability, marking and description requirements, and describes the
corresponding test methods.
This document is applicable to the design, production and sales of electrical self-balancing
vehicles that use batteries as the power source.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB 3565.2-2022 Safety Requirements for Bicycles - Part 2: Requirements for City and
Trekking, Young Adult, Mountain and Racing Bicycles
GB/T 4208-2017 Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosure (IP code)
GB 4706.18-2014 Household and Similar Electrical Appliances - Safety - Particular
Requirements for Battery Chargers
GB 4943.1-2022 Audio / Video, Information and Communication Technology Equipment - Part
1: Safety Requirements
GB/T 5169.16-2017 Fire Hazard Testing for Electric and Electronic Products - Part 16: Test
Flames - 50 W Horizontal and Vertical Flame Test Methods
GB/T 12350 Safety Requirements of Small-power Motors
GB/T 40559 Lithium Ion Cells and Batteries Used in Self-balancing Vehicle - Safety
Requirements
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions are applicable to this document.
3.1 electrical self-balancing vehicle
A wheeled manned mobile platform that is based on the inverted pendulum model and the
principle of static instability, and is equipped with a rechargeable electric drive system, thus
maintaining dynamic balance in an autonomous or manual mode of operation.
NOTE: the electrical self-balancing vehicle is referred to as the self-balancing vehicle for short.
3.2 safety alarm
An alarm (such as: sound, light and vibration, etc.) that may be clearly noticed by the user after
being sent to the user, when an electrical self-balancing vehicle detects internal faults (such as:
abnormal battery voltage and balance control unit failure) or dangerous driving actions or
abnormal working conditions of the vehicle.
3.3 footrest tilting function
The function enabled for limiting the user to continue driving in case of overspeed, low-battery
driving or overload driving detected in an electrical self-balancing vehicle, thus protecting the
safety of the user, by automatically tilting up the front end of the footrest on the self-balancing
vehicle.
3.4 enclosure
A shell that provides the type and degree of protection suitable for the intended use.
[source: GB 4943.1-2022, 3.3.2.2]
3.5 crash
A state where the electrical self-balancing vehicle’s posture or speed changes significantly so
that it cannot continue to actively maintain the balance when the self-balancing vehicle is driven.
3.6 electrolyte leakage
Visible leakage of liquid electrolyte.
[source: GB/T 28164-2011, 1.3.9]
3.7 active protective device
An electrically propelled protective device.
NOTE: such as: battery management systems and control integrated circuits, etc.
4 Test Conditions
4.1 Test Roads
The test roads shall meet the following conditions:
a) The test shall be carried out on cement or asphalt pavement. Pavement shall be smooth,
dry and clean, with a good adhesion coefficient;
b) The test area shall be set up on the test road. The test channel in the test area shall not
be less than 1 m in width. There shall be an auxiliary driving zone long enough and a
secondary zone that ensures safe parking on both ends of this test area, where it is
able to drive in both directions.
4.2 Drivers
The drivers shall meet the following conditions:
a) If the maximum load of the product is greater than or equal to 75 kg, the total weight
of the driver and its equipment shall be 75 kg; when the total weight is less than 75
kg, counterweight shall be applied. If the maximum load of the product is less than
75 kg, then, the total weight of the driver and its equipment shall be equal to the
maximum load of the product;
b) Drivers shall master the driving skills and be familiar with the test methods;
c) Drivers shall be equipped with helmets, knee pads, elbow pads and other necessary
protective equipment;
d) Drivers shall drive the test vehicles according to the operation methods specified by
the manufacturer. Throughout the test, drivers shall try to keep the driving position
without significant changes and avoid the operations which are not allowed by the
manufacturer.
4.3 Test Environment
Unless otherwise required by the test items, the test environment shall meet the following
conditions:
a) The temperature shall be within the range of nominal operating temperature of the
electrical self-balancing vehicle. Unless otherwise specified, the room temperature
specified in this document shall be (25 5) °C;
b) Relative humidity shall not be greater than 75%;
c) Atmospheric pressure shall be within the range of 86 kPa to 106 kPa;
d) During the test, the average wind speed shall not be greater than 3 m/s; the
instantaneous wind speed shall not be greater than 5 m/s;
e) If it is necessary to test outdoors, rain, snow and other weather shall be avoided.
5.4.1 Overspeed protection
The electrical self-balancing vehicle shall have such protection functions as continuous safety
alarm beyond the speed limits and continuous tilting function or the like, so as to restrict the
user from continued acceleration, thus protecting user safety.
5.4.2 Low-battery protection
The electrical self-balancing vehicle shall be capable of providing low-battery protection, that
is, when the power of the electrical self-balancing vehicle’s battery pack is lower than the
minimum power required by the manufacturer for safe driving, the self-balancing vehicle shall
have such protection functions as continuous safety alarm and continuous tilting function or the
like, so as to restrict the user from continued driving.
5.4.3 Grade parking performance and protection
The electrical two-wheeled self-balancing vehicle shall have grade parking performance and
protection function. After tested according to the method specified in 9.1.3, the electrical self-
balancing vehicle shall meet either of the following two states:
a) The self-balancing vehicle gives no safety alarm and without any power failure;
meanwhile, its motor has no loss of energy;
b) The self-balancing vehicle enables such protection functions as continuous safety
alarm and continuous tilting function or the like, so as to restrict the user from
continued driving.
5.4.4 Crash protection
The electrical self-balancing vehicle shall be capable of providing crash protection to prevent
the self-balancing vehicle from hurting the user or the third party when its wheel(s) continue(s)
to rotate after crash. After tested according to the method specified in 9.1.4, the wheel(s) of the
electrical self-balancing vehicle shall be able to stop rotating within 5s (including 5s) after crash.
5.4.5 Overcharge protection with energy recovery function
For the electrical self-balancing vehicle with energy recovery function, certain protective
measures shall be taken to prevent energy recovery from overcharging the battery or battery
pack during downhill or deceleration. Safety alarms and tilting function or other similar
protective measures shall be triggered before overvoltage of the battery or battery pack. In
addition, the self-balancing vehicle shall not cut off the discharge circuit due to overvoltage
protection of the battery or battery pack. When tested according to 9.1.5, the electrical self-
balancing vehicle shall not catch fire or explode. Meanwhile, there shall be no rupture or
electrolyte leakage on the enclosure.
5.4.6 Speed-limit alarm for battery pack in low battery
When tested according to 9.1.6, the electrical self-balancing vehicle shall trigger the safety
alarms and tilting function or other similar protective measures when the battery pack is in low
battery. Before triggering the protection function, the self-balancing vehicle shall not cut off the
discharge circuit due to low-battery protection of the battery pack. In addition, the self-
balancing vehicle shall not catch fire or explode. Meanwhile, there shall be no rupture or
electrolyte leakage on the enclosure.
5.4.7 Charge locking
When tested according to 9.1.7, the electrical self-balancing vehicle shall be unable to be turned
on during charging. If it is able to be turned on, protective measures shall be taken to limit its
normal driving, for example, non-powered wheel rotation.
5.4.8 Anti-spinning protection
The electrical self-balancing vehicle weighing less than 18 kg shall be tested according to 9.1.8.
After startup, the self-balancing vehicle’s wheel(s) shall not continue to spin or rotate for more
than 5 s after lifted up using the designed handle assembly.
5.5 Devices
5.5.1 Battery and battery pack
The safety of batteries and battery packs for the electrical self-balancing vehicles using lithium-
ion batteries and battery packs shall comply with the stipulations of GB/T 40559. Other types
of batteries and battery packs shall comply with the stipulations of relevant national standards.
5.5.2 Charger
The safety requirements for the chargers or power supplies of the electrical self-balancing
vehicles shall meet the requirements of GB 4943.1-2022 or GB 4706.18-2014 and be
compatible with the battery systems of the electrical self-balancing vehicles. Compliance shall
be checked by reviewing the battery system and charger specifications and the tests in this
document.
The connectors, which are provided with the chargers and connected to the charging ports on
the self-balancing vehicles for charging, shall be designed to prevent misalignment and reverse
polarity.
5.5.3 Motor
The motors for the electrical self-balancing vehicles shall comply with the requirements of
GB/T 12350 and the motor overload test specified in 9.2.1.
If the motors for the electrical self-balancing vehicles are beyond the scope of application in
GB/T 12350, then, such motors shall comply with both the motor overload test specified in
9.2.1 and the motor locked-rotor test specified in 9.2.2.
5.5.4 Fuse
6.2 Wiring
Check the cables in the following order at room temperature, and the electrical self-balancing
vehicle shall comply with the following requirements.
a) Cables shall be smooth and free of sharp edges with good insulation.
b) Cables shall be protected from contact with burrs, heat sinks or similar sharp edges
that may affect insulation. The surfaces of the metal holes through which the cables
pass shall be smooth enough, or cables shall be equipped with sleeves.
c) Cables shall be securely fastened to prevent contact between the cables and the
moving parts. Where necessary, other mechanical fixings may be added.
Detachable parts of an electrical self-balancing vehicle, which will be removed during normal
use or maintenance of the equipment, shall not cause undue pressure on the electrical
connections and internal conductors, including the conductors that maintain earthing continuity.
6.3 Short-circuit Safety
After tested according to the method specified in 9.2.3, the self-balancing vehicle shall not catch
fire or explode. Meanwhile, there shall be no rupture or electrolyte leakage on the enclosure.
NOTE: if the self-balancing vehicle’s battery pack has passed the short circuit test, and in the case
that according to the characteristics of the tested self-balancing vehicle, it has been
evaluated that there is no difference between the short circuit test of the entire self-
balancing vehicle and that of the battery pack, it may be unnecessary to carry out the short
circuit test specified in this document.
6.4 Heating
The materials that are suitable for the structures of the components and the electrical self-
balancing vehicle shall be selected, so that the temperature of the self-balancing vehicle will
not exceed its temperature limit when operating under normal load. After performing the test
according to the method specified in 9.2.4, the measured temperature limits of the materials for
the self-balancing vehicle and the components shall meet the requirements of 5.4.1.4.3 in GB
4943.1-2022; the measured temperature limits of the accessible parts in the accessible area of
the user shall meet the requirements of 9.3 in GB 4943.1-2022. In addition, during the test, the
electrical self-balancing vehicle shall not catch fire or explode. Meanwhile, there shall be no
rupture or electrolyte leakage on the enclosure.
6.5 Dielectric Strength
The electrical self-balancing vehicles or their components, which are directly connected to the
AC grid, shall have adequate dielectric strength and be tested according to the method specified
in 9.2.5.
7 Mechanical Safety
7.1 Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosure (IP code)
The degree of protection provided by enclosure of the electrical self-balancing vehicle shall not
be lower than IP34 or the degree of protection claimed by the manufacturer, whichever is more
rigorous.
7.2 Static Strength
After the static strength test according to the method specified in 9.3.2, there shall be no visible
crack or rupture in any part of the electrical self-balancing vehicle. Moreover, the self-balancing
vehicle shall be able to function properly.
7.3 Dynamic Strength
After the dynamic strength test according to the method specified in 9.3.3, there shall be no
visible crack or rupture in any part of the electrical self-balancing vehicle. Moreover, the self-
balancing vehicle shall be able to function properly.
7.4 Handrail Strength
This requirement applies only to the electrical self-balancing vehicles with handrails.
Handrails of the electrical self-balancing vehicles shall have sufficient strength to ensure the
safety under the actual conditions of use.
After the handrail strength test according to 9.3.4, there shall be no crack or rupture on the
handrails of the electrical self-balancing vehicles; the fixed parts between the handrails and the
self-balancing vehicles, as well as the components of the self-balancing vehicles shall not have
cracks or ruptures.
7.5 Saddle Strength
This requirement applies only to the electrical self-balancing vehicles with saddles.
Saddles of the electrical self-balancing vehicles shall meet the requirements of 4.16.3 in GB
3565.2-2022.
The saddle strength of the electrical self-balancing vehicles shall meet the requirements of
4.16.4 in GB 3565.2-2022.
8 Environmental Reliability
8.1 Vibration
Perform the vibration test according to 9.4.1. After the test, there shall be no visible crack,
The overcharge protection with energy recovery function for the electrical self-balancing
vehicle shall be tested according to the following method:
Turn on a fully charged electrical self-balancing vehicle and trigger it to enter the normal
running state. Apply a constant charging current of 0.2 C (such charging current shall be the
value that is needed to counteract the output current required by the self-balancing vehicle to
maintain the running state) to the output end of the battery pack in the self-balancing vehicle,
so as to continuously charge the battery pack, thus simulating the energy recovery of the self-
balancing vehicle during downhill or braking. Monitor whether the self-balancing vehicle takes
protective measures, such as: safety alarm, tilting or the like or turns off the power to stop
running, before the voltage of the battery pack in the self-balancing vehicle reaches 1.03 times
its specified upper limited charging voltage. During the test, the temperature of the battery pack
shall also be monitored as a reference.
During the test, it shall be observed whether the self-balancing vehicle has a fire, explosion,
enclosure rupture or electrolyte leakage.
9.1.6 Speed-limit alarm for battery pack in low battery
Discharge the battery pack in a fully charged electrical self-balancing vehicle to approximately
30% of the specified state of charge (SOC).
Trigger the electrical self-balancing vehicle to enter the normal running state, for achieving
normal running of the self-balancing vehicle or simulating its normal running according to the
parameters specified by the manufacturer. Meanwhile, monitor the battery voltage and battery
temperature.
Perform the test until the self-balancing vehicle takes protective measures, such as: safety alarm,
tilting or the like or turns off the power to stop running.
9.1.7 Charge locking
Turn on a not fully charged self-balancing vehicle three times, in order to ensure that the self-
balancing vehicle is able to run normally after startup.
USE a standard charger specified by the manufacturer to charge the self-balancing vehicle in
off state. During charging, turn on the self-balancing vehicle three times. If it is unable to start
up, the test is over. If it is able to start up normally, test whether the self-balancing vehicle is
capable of running.
9.1.8 Anti-spinning protection
Turn on the electrical self-balancing vehicle to enter its normal running state. Rotate the wheel(s)
through manual means or test equipment. When using the designed handle assembly to lift up
the self-balancing vehicle, record the duration from the wheel spinning starting when the self-
balancing vehicle is lifted up to the wheel stalling.
fault condition of any protective device in the relevant battery protective circuits (for single
fault analysis and determination, see Appendix A). During the test, the temperature of the tested
self-balancing vehicle shall be monitored in real time.
The self-balancing vehicle shall remain short-circuited until its temperature falls back to room
temperature or it suffers from a fire or explosion.
After the test, turn on three times to check whether it is able to start up and run normally. If it
is able to normally start up for running, the tested self-balancing vehicle shall be conducted
with one charge-discharge cycle according to the parameters specified by the manufacturer. Let
the self-balancing vehicle stand for one-hour observation.
9.2.4 Heating test
During the test, the temperatures of the battery, motor and other components of the self-
balancing vehicle and the temperatures of the surfaces accessible to the users shall always be
monitored. The test shall be carried out according to the following procedures:
a) At room temperature, use a standard charger specified by the manufacturer to charge
a fully discharged electrical self-balancing vehicle with the maximum charging
parameter, until the voltage and current detected on the battery reach the state of
charge specified by the manufacturer;
b) Discharge the fully charged self-balancing vehicle at the maximum load specified by
the manufacturer. Monitor the battery voltage and current until the self-balancing
vehicle reaches the prescribed discharge cut-off voltage;
c) Repeat the steps a) and b), until two full charge-discharge cycles are completed.
During the charge-discharge cycle, it shall be ensured that the voltage, current and measured
temperature of the electrical self-balancing vehicle shall not exceed the parameter limits
specified by the manufacturer.
9.2.5 Dielectric strength test
9.2.5.1 Pretreatment
The moisture-proof treatment shall be carried out in a damp heat cabinet at a temperature of (40
2) °C and with a relative humidity of (93 3)% for 120 h. During damp heat test, the sample
shall not be electrified or turned on.
Before damp heat treatment, the sample shall be placed in an environment at t °C to (t + 4) °C
for at least 4 h, among which t represents any temperature value between 20 °C and 30 °C,
where condensation will not be produced.
After moisture-proof treatment, perform the test in 9.2.5.2 immediately.
9.2.5.2 Test procedure
This test shall be carried out after pretreatment.
This test procedure shall meet the requirements of 5.4.9 in GB 4943.1-2022, among which, the
peak working voltage is the maximum charging voltage of the electrical self-balancing vehicle.
9.3 Mechanical Safety Tests
9.3.1 IP code test
The method for testing the degree of protection provided by enclosure of the electrical self-
balancing vehicle shall meet the requirements of GB/T 4208-2017.
9.3.2 Static strength test
At room temperature, for a seat-free electrical self-balancing vehicle, apply a static load, which
is three times the manufacturer-specified upper weight limit, to the center point of the footrest
through a support (for example, a wooden block, etc.) with a cross-section of 102 mm 254
mm. Apply the load gradually over 5 s and maintain it for 30 s.
If the footrest has two or more pieces or consists of multiple parts, then, the load shall be evenly
distributed in accordance with the method described above at the center of each piece or each
part.
For an electrical self-balancing vehicle with a seat, a static load, which is three times the
manufacturer-specified upper weight limit, shall be applied at the center of the seat surface in
the same mode.
9.3.3 Dynamic strength test
9.3.3.1 Pretreatment
If the footrests or frames or other load-bearing structural members of the self-balancing vehicles
are made of plastic materials (except for decorative parts), then, the sample shall be placed in
an environment at a temperature of at least (5 1) °C or at the minimum operating temperature
claimed by the manufacturer, whichever is lower, for 6 h.
9.3.3.2 Test procedure
This test shall be started within 1 min after the completion of sample pretreatment and shall be
completed within 5 min.
At the center of the footrest of the electrical self-balancing vehicle in the power-on state, apply
the maximum load specified by the manufacturer through a support (for example, a wooden
block, etc.) with a cross-section of 102 mm 254 mm. If there are multiple load-bearing
footrests, each footrest shall equally distribute the maximum load. The self-balancing vehicle
runs at a speed of 8 km/h ~ 10 km/h, and the drop height is 1/4 of the wheel diameter. If
appropriate, tyre pressure shall be adjusted in accordance with the maximum value provided by
the manufacturer. Repeat the test 2 times, then, check for damage.
......
GB/T 34668-2017
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF
THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 25.040.30
J 28
Safety requirements and test methods
for electrical self-balancing vehicles
ISSUED ON. OCTOBER 14, 2017
IMPLEMENTED ON. JANUARY 1, 2018
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions ... 4
4 Test conditions ... 7
5 General safety requirements ... 8
6 Electrical safety ... 12
7 Mechanical safety ... 14
8 Environmental reliability ... 15
9 Test methods ... 16
10 Marking and description ... 27
Annex A (Informative) Protective circuit and safety analysis ... 31
References ... 33
Foreword
This Standard was drafted in accordance with the provisions given in GB/T 1.1-
2009.
Some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. The
issuing authorities of this document shall not be held responsible for identifying
any or all such patent rights.
This Standard was proposed by China Machinery Industry Federation.
This Standard shall be under the jurisdiction of the National Technical
Committee for Standardization of Automation Systems and Integration
(SAC/TC 159).
Drafting organizations of this Standard. Ninebot (Beijing) Tech Co., Ltd; Beijing
Research Institute of Automation for Machinery Industry; Beihang University;
Shanghai New Century Robot Co., Ltd; Institutes of Intelligent Science and
Technology Application Research, Jiangsu and Chinese Academy of Sciences;
Machinery Industry Beijing Electrotechnical Institute of Economic Research;
Shanghai Electrical Apparatus Research Institute (Group) Co., Ltd; UL-CCIC
Company Limited in Suzhou; Shanghai Motor Vehicle Testing and Certification
Technology Research Center Co., Ltd; National Quality Supervision and
Inspection Center for LEV and Battery Products (Wuxi Product Quality
Supervision and Inspection Institute); China Quality Certification Centre; China
Electronics Standardization Institute; Shenzhen INMOTION Technologies Co.,
Ltd; Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research;
Guangdong Testing Institute of Product Quality Supervision; Fujian SCUD
Power Technology Co., Ltd; Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent
Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen Institute of Standards
and Technology; Dongguan UTL Electronic Technology Co., Ltd; Zhejiang
University; Zhejiang Academy of Science & Technology for Inspection &
Quarantine; Alibaba (China) Co., Ltd; Beijing Jingdong Century Trading Co., Ltd.
Main drafters of this Standard. Wang Tianmiao, Wang Ye, Yang Shuping, Chen
Zhongyuan, Du Chao, Wang Jiankuan, Ma Xin, Li Xiaodong, Lu Shenyu, Zheng
Junqi, Le Yanfei, Tong Xiaomin, Ye Xian, Xia Jing, He Penglin, Cai Youfei, Liu
Huwei, He Longping, Liu Yongming, He Guotian, Yang Ge, Dai Hanqi, Zhu Ling,
Feng Hui, Liu Ying, Li Sha.
Safety requirements and test methods
for electrical self-balancing vehicles
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the terms and definitions, test conditions, general
safety requirements, electrical safety, mechanical safety, environmental
reliability, test methods, marking and description of the electrical self-balancing
vehicles.
This Standard is applicable to the battery-powered electrical self-balancing
vehicles.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For
dated references, only the editions with the dates indicated are applicable to
this document. For undated references, only the latest editions (including all the
amendments) are applicable to this document.
GB/T 2423.22-2012 Environmental testing - Part 2. Test methods - Test N.
Change of temperature
GB 3565-2005 Safety requirements for bicycles
GB/T 4208-2017 Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)
GB 4943.1-2011 Information technology equipment - Safety - Part 1. General
requirements
GB/T 5169.16-2008 Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products -
Part 16. Test flames - 50W horizontal and vertical flame test methods
GB/T 12350-2009 Safety requirements of small-power motors
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 Electrical self-balancing vehicle
A wheeled manned mobile platform that is based on the inverted pendulum
model and the principle of static instability, and is equipped with a rechargeable
electric drive system, thus maintaining dynamic balance in an autonomous or
manual mode of operation.
NOTE. The electrical self-balancing vehicle is referred to as the self-balancing vehicle for short.
3.2 Safety alarm
An alarm that may be clearly noticed by the user after being sent to the user,
when an electrical self-balancing vehicle detects internal faults (such as
abnormal battery voltage, balance control unit failure) or dangerous driving
actions or abnormal working conditions of the vehicle.
3.3 Footrest tilting function
The function enabled for limiting the user to continue driving in case of
overspeed, low-battery driving or overload driving detected in an electrical self-
balancing vehicle, thus protecting the safety of the user, by automatically tilting
up the front end of the footrest on the self-balancing vehicle.
3.4 Enclosure
A component of the equipment with one or more of the functions specified in
3.5, 3.6, 3.7 or 3.8.
NOTE. One type of enclosures may be inside another type of enclosures (for instance, an electrical
enclosure is inside a fire enclosure, or a fire enclosure is inside an electrical enclosure). In addition,
one type of enclosures may provide the functions of multiple types of enclosures (for instance,
with the functions of both electrical enclosures and fire enclosures).
NOTE. REWRITE the definition in 1.2.6.1 of GB 4943.1-2011.
3.5 Fire enclosure
A component of the equipment, which is designed to minimize the outbreak of
fire or spread of flames in the equipment.
[Definition in 1.2.6.2 of GB 4943.1-2011]
3.6 Mechanical enclosure
A component of the equipment, which is designed to reduce the risk of damage
caused by mechanical and other physical hazards.
[Definition in 1.2.6.3 of GB 4943.1-2011]
3.7 Electrical enclosure
5.3 Sharp edges
Tubular objects that may cause stab injuries to the users on the outside of the
electrical self-balancing vehicles or hard protrusions of equipment components
shall be adequately designed (such as obtuse angle design, etc.) to guard
against stab injuries to the human bodies.
For threads that may pose a risk of stabbing, the length of the thread beyond
its internal attachment shall be limited to the length of a thread outside diameter.
5.4 Safety protection functions
5.4.1 Overspeed protection
The electrical self-balancing vehicle shall have such protection functions as
continuous safety alarm beyond the speed limits and continuous tilting function
or the like, so as to restrict the user from continued acceleration, thus protecting
user safety.
5.4.2 Low-battery protection
The electrical self-balancing vehicle shall be capable of providing low-battery
protection, that is, when the power of the electrical self-balancing vehicle’s
battery pack is lower than the minimum power required by the manufacturer for
safe driving, the self-balancing vehicle shall have such protection functions as
continuous safety alarm and continuous tilting function or the like, so as to
restrict the user from continued driving.
5.4.3 Grade parking performance and protection
The electrical two-wheeled self-balancing vehicle shall have grade parking
performance and protection function. After tested ...
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