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GB 21378-2015: Low-speed goods vehicle -- Limits and measurement methods for fuel consumption
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PDF similar to GB 21378-2015
Basic data | Standard ID | GB 21378-2015 (GB21378-2015) | | Description (Translated English) | Low-speed goods vehicle -- Limits and measurement methods for fuel consumption | | Sector / Industry | National Standard | | Classification of Chinese Standard | T54 | | Classification of International Standard | 65.060 | | Word Count Estimation | 24,277 | | Date of Issue | 2015-07-03 | | Date of Implementation | 2015-10-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB 21378-2008 | | Quoted Standard | GB/T 24944; GB/T 24948 | | Regulation (derived from) | National Standard Announcement 2015 No.22 | | Issuing agency(ies) | General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China | | Summary | This Standard specifies the low-speed truck fuel consumption limit, measurement conditions, measurement, calculation of fuel consumption, production consistency check, the implementation of standards. This Standard applies to low-speed vehicles. | GB 21378-2015: Low-speed goods vehicle -- Limits and measurement methods for fuel consumption---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Low-speed goods vehicle - Limits and measurement methods for fuel consumption
ICS 65.060
T54
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Replacing GB 21378-2008
Low-speed vehicle fuel consumption limits and measurement methods
Published 2015-07-03
2015-10-01 implementation
Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China
Standardization Administration of China issued
Foreword
All technical contents of this standard is mandatory.
This standard was drafted in accordance with rules GB/T 1.1-2009 given.
This standard replaces GB 21378-2008 "low-speed vehicle fuel consumption limits and measurement methods." This standard and GB/T 21378-
The main changes compared to 2008 are as follows.
--- Normative application file for adjustment and reconfirmation;
--- Adjust the terms and definitions;
--- Measurements adjusted using the chassis dynamometer, and adjust the corresponding fuel consumption limits;
--- Increased fuel consumption calculation;
--- Increased production conformance requirements;
--- Increase the implementation of standards requirements.
The standard proposed by China Machinery Industry Federation.
The low standard by the National Automotive Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC234) centralized.
This standard is drafted by. National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center of farm machinery, industrial machinery and farm vehicles, tractors Product Quality Inspection
Heart, National Tractor Quality Supervision and Inspection Center.
It participated in the drafting of this standard. Shandong five levy Group Co., Ltd., Sichuan South Chun Automobile Group Co., Ltd., Beiqi Futian Automobile Co. have
Limited Zhucheng automobile plant, China National Heavy Duty Truck ace Chengdu Commercial Vehicle Co., Ltd., Shandong Automobile Co., Ltd. Ling Tang Jun Europe, Qinzhou
State-Machinery Co., Ltd. force.
The main drafters. Zhang Xian wins, Lv Shusheng, Min Haitao, in Chi Lang, Chen Ge, Guan Peng, Wang Min Xia, Ding Jikang, plus Sun Ping, Jin Wensheng,
Wins new car, Narayana.
This standard superseded previous editions case.
--- GB 21378-2008.
Low-speed vehicle fuel consumption limits and measurement methods
1 Scope
This standard specifies the low-speed truck fuel consumption limit, measurement conditions, methods of measurement, fuel consumption calculations, production consistency inspection
Investigation, the implementation of standards.
This standard applies to low-speed vehicles.
2 Normative references
The following documents for the application of this document is essential. For dated references, only applies to the version dated paper
Pieces. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 24944 General technical conditions of low-speed vehicles
GB/T 24948 wheel vehicles and low-speed vehicles vocabulary
3 Terms and Definitions
GB/T 24948 and defined by the following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Gaseous pollutants gaseouscontaminant
Exhaust pollutants carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx).
NOTE. hydrocarbons (HC) represents carbon equivalent (assuming hydrocarbon ratio 1.1.86), nitrogen oxides (NOx) to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) equivalent.
3.2
Particulate matter particulate
According to the test method described in Appendix A, at a maximum temperature of 325K (52 ℃) of the diluted exhaust gas, shall be prescribed by the filter media collection
The exhaust gas composition.
3.3
Exhaust pollutants exhaustpolutants
Exhaust pipe of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter.
3.4
Equivalent inertia equivalentinertia
On the chassis dynamometer analog low-speed vehicle running and the moment of inertia of the moving mass with considerable inertia simulator.
3.5
Reference quality referencemass
The low-speed vehicles "curb weight" plus 100kg.
4 Limits of Fuel Consumption
Low-speed vehicle fuel consumption should not exceed the limits specified in Table 1.
Table 1 low-speed vehicle fuel consumption limits
Maximum design
The total mass M
kg
Single-cylinder diesel engine mounted low-speed vehicles
Fuel Consumption Limits
L/100km
Multi-cylinder diesel engine mounted low-speed vehicles
Fuel Consumption Limits
L/100km
Type Approval production consistency check type approval Conformity of Production
M≤2000 8.1 8.5 7.6 8.0
2000 \u003cM≤2500 9.5 10.0 9.0 9.5
2500 \u003cM≤3000 10.6 11.1 10.0 10.5
3000 \u003cM≤3500 11.7 12.2 11.0 11.6
3500 \u003cM≤4500 12.7 13.4 12.0 12.6
5 measurement conditions
5.1 Test low-speed vehicles
5.1.1 measured before the test speed goods manufacturing technical documents should be running. Unless otherwise specified, the run specification car by lorry
Technical documents.
5.1.2 should be required to adjust the engine manufacturer's technical documentation and low-speed trucks operating member. Special attention to the idle setting, cold starting device and
Adjust the emission control system.
5.1.3 Check tightness intake and fuel supply system, to ensure no accidental intake affected.
5.1.4 without any leakage of the exhaust system, so reducing the amount of engine exhaust gas is collected.
5.1.5 the measured low-speed vehicles should meet GB/T 24944 requirements, and in accordance with the attendant technical paper, low-speed vehicle can be determined before the test
No running under normal driving conditions, particularly the ability to achieve normal start.
5.1.6 before testing, the temperature was maintained low-speed vehicle should be placed preheated to 293K ~ 303K (20 ℃ ~ 30 ℃) room, made up
Within the lubricant and coolant temperature motivation to reach room temperature range of ± 2K.
In the manufacturer's requirements, low-speed trucks in accordance with the provisions of Appendix B of the low speed operation cycle requirements, pre-operation cycle of four
Heat treatment.
5.1.7 subjects thermostat Radiator fan low-speed vehicles, should be in normal working condition.
5.1.8 If the apparatus is equipped with supercharging, it should work in a test state.
5.1.9 engine shall be measured in a normal working state, the rotational speed should meet the requirements.
5.1.10 all anomalies occur during the test shall be documented and written reports.
5.2 precision equipment
Test equipment used in precision measurement accuracy shall meet the following requirements, and within their calibration validity.
--- Fuel consumption. 0.5%;
--- Speed. 1%;
--- speed. 0.5%;
--- Time. 0.1s;
--- Distance. 0.1%;
--- Quality. 1%;
--- Temperature. 1 ℃;
--- atmospheric pressure. 0.2kPa;
--- Tire pressure. 10kPa;
--- Other. 2%.
5.3 coolant, lubricant (grease) and brake fluid
When measured using a coolant, lubricant (grease) and brake fluid, etc., should be consistent with the technical documentation or the car industry standards and existing national regulations
Set; the same measure should be used the same batch of coolant, lubricating oil (grease) and brake fluid.
5.4 Tire
Measurement of the tire may not have accumulated mud and oil, and the pressure should be consistent with the provisions of the vehicle or tire pressure label technical documents, the maximum error
The difference does not exceed ± 10kPa.
5.5 Fuel
Test fuel shall satisfy the provisions of Appendix C.
6 Measurement Methods
Test cycle on a chassis dynamometer 6.1
A low-speed vehicle operation cycle be set as specified in Appendix A, and tested in accordance with Appendix B of the cycle.
6.2 test device
6.2.1 Chassis dynamometer
Chassis dynamometer properties should meet the requirements of this standard and test requirements of the relevant standards.
When measuring fuel consumption measurement systems for fuel consumption, distance traveled and time should be synchronized.
6.2.2 Method and apparatus for measuring fuel consumption
6.2.2.1 Fuel consumption can be measured flow rate measurement method or carbon balance measurement method. The method chosen depends on the measurement method of each
Features.
6.2.2.2 fuel consumption measuring equipment should be installed to ensure that should not interfere with or alter the fuel supply system of low-speed vehicles under any circumstances
Oil supply situation, and it should ensure that the engine performance is not affected.
6.2.2.3 transition from the normal fuel supply system to the measuring system should be realized through the valve system, the conversion time should not be greater than 0.2s.
6.2.2.4 many times during the test engine or low-speed vehicles are not allowed to make any changes or adjustments.
6.3 Fuel consumption measurement
For each successive cycle of four low-speed range and a high range cycle test measured the vehicle fuel consumption as a primary test
Value.
6.4 determine the measurement results
6.4.1 Continuous measurement of fuel consumption by 6.3, the arithmetic average of 3 measurements as a measurement result.
6.4.2 each idling period to allow no more than 60s after the measurement, the measurement is not performed during the idling fuel consumption.
6.4.3 If the maximum difference between the measured value does not exceed 5% of the average measurement, the present measurement result is valid, or should increase the measurement times
When the end of the measurement number, calculated according to 6.4.4 A is not greater than 5% of the arithmetic mean value of the n measurements as the measurement result.
6.4.4 A value according to equation (1).
A = K ×
FC
(1)
Where.
K values in Table 2.
Table 2 K values table
n 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
K 3.2 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3
1.6 1.25 1.06 0.94 0.85 0.77 0.73
n --- number of measurements;
S --- standard deviation of measurements, according to equation (2).
s =
Σ (FC-FCi)
n-1
(2)
Fuel consumption FCi --- i-th measurement in units of liters per hundred one thousand meters (L/100km);
FC --- FC arithmetic mean of the n-th value, expressed in liters per hundred one thousand meters (L/100km).
6.4.5 If after 10 measurements, A value is still greater than 5%, should be replaced by other low-speed vehicles of the same type of conduct.
6.4.6 Fuel consumption measurement results to two decimal places, the final result after rounding to one decimal place.
7 Calculation of fuel consumption
7.1 Carbon Balance Method
7.1.1 Calculation of fuel consumption
Carbon balance method using the fuel consumption FC according to formula (3) Calculated.
FCi =
.1155
× (0.429 × MCO) (0.866 × MHC) (0.273 × MCO2) [] (3)
Where.
FCi --- i-th fuel consumption in liters per hundred one thousand meters (L/100km);
MCO --- carbon monoxide emissions measured in grams per kilometer (g/km);
MHC --- hydrocarbon emissions measured in grams per kilometer (g/km);
MCO2 --- carbon dioxide emissions measured in grams per kilometer (g/km);
ρ --- 288K (15 ℃) density of the fuel under test, in kilograms per liter (kg/L).
7.1.2 Calculation of emissions of gaseous pollutants
Emissions of gaseous pollutants by the formula (4) is calculated.
Mj =
Vmix × Qj × Cj × 10-6
(4)
Where.
Pollutant emissions Mj --- j, expressed in grams per kilometer (g/km);
Vmix --- each test corrected to standard conditions (273.2K and 101.33kPa) diluted exhaust gas volume, in liters (L);
Qj --- standard conditions (273.2K and 101.33kPa) j lower pollutant density in grams per liter (g/L);
Cj --- diluted concentration of pollutants in the exhaust gas j (where the average concentration of HC emissions calculated according to the requirements of 7.1.3.5), press dilute
Content of the release of pollutants in the air j is corrected to represent the volume fraction (10-6). Cj as percentage by volume,
The coefficient of 10-6 10-2 by the substitution;
S --- distance traveled during the test cycle, the unit in kilometers (km).
7.1.3 Determination of gaseous pollutants volume
7.1.3.1 Variable dilution device when using orifice or venturi flow control constant calculation volume, volume flow continuously records show
Parameters, and calculate the total volume of the test period.
7.1.3.2 When using a positive displacement pump volume calculation, (5) diluted exhaust gas volume calculated by the formula include positive displacement pump in the system.
V = Vo × N (5)
Where.
V --- each test diluted exhaust gas volume (before correction), in liters (L);
Under test conditions VO --- volume of gas pumped out of the volume, in liters per revolution (L/r);
N --- the number of revolutions of each test, in revolutions (r).
7.1.3.3 The diluted exhaust gas volume corrected to standard conditions, the correction diluted exhaust gas volume by the formula (6).
Vmix = V × K1 ×
Pp
Tp
(6)
Where. K1 =
273.2
101.33 = 2.6961
(K × kPa-1)
Where.
Absolute pressure Pp --- displacement pump inlet, in units of kilopascals (kPa);
The average temperature entering the positive displacement pump during the test Tp --- diluted exhaust gas, expressed in Kelvin (K).
7.1.3.4 sampling bag corrected concentration of pollutants according to equation (7) Calculated.
Cj = Ce-Cd1-
DF
÷ (7)
Where.
Cj --- diluted air pollutant j content after correction concentration of pollutants in the diluted exhaust gas j (volume fraction),%;
Ce --- j diluted exhaust pollutants measured concentration (volume fraction),%;
Cd --- j dilution air pollutants measured concentration (volume fraction),%;
DF --- dilution factor.
Dilution factor according to equation (8) Calculated.
DF =
13.4
CCO2 (CCO CHC) × 10-4
(8)
Where.
CCO2 --- sampling bag concentration of CO2 in the diluted exhaust gas (volume fraction),%;
CHC --- diluted exhaust gas sampling bag HC concentration (volume fraction), 10-6 to C meter;
CCO --- sampling bags diluted exhaust gas CO concentration (volume fraction), 10-6.
Calculating the average concentration 7.1.3.5 HC emissions of
The average concentration of HC emissions by the formula (9) is calculated.
Ce =
t2
t1
CHCdt
t2-t1
(9)
Where.
t2
t1
CHCdt --- heated FID profiling points (t2-t1) inside during the test;
Ce --- HC concentration of the diluted exhaust sample gas records obtained by integrating the curve HC (volume fraction), 10-6 to C meter.
7.2 Flow Method
Then the meter (or other flow test equipment) on the fuel pipe, continuous measurement of fuel consumption by 6.3, read the measured after the completion of a measurement
The amount of the instrument reading is the fuel consumption of the measurements.
8 Conformity of Production
8.1 As a general rule, conformity of production of low-speed trucks assurance measures in terms of fuel consumption, the test results shall be reported to the
Content based on the value and type approval.
8.2 Conformity of Production testing refers to the product extracted in the low-speed trucks factory production in low-speed vehicles, and into in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 6
Line tested to confirm their fuel consumption and compliance Table 1.
8.3 If a model has several extended models, conformity of production tests shall be described in the initial type testing of the application materials base car
Progressive type. If the base model has been discontinued initial type testing, conformity of production tests are carried out on an expansion models.
8.4 Type Certification Body determined after low-speed vehicles like cars, low-speed vehicle manufacturer shall not be extracted by low-speed vehicles to make any adjustments.
8.5 Notwithstanding the requirements of 5.1.1, the test can be extracted from the production line offline qualified low speed freight car directly in the sample.
8.6 If required by the manufacturer, according to the manufacturer's specifications for running-running, low-speed vehicles but not to make any adjustments.
8.7 Conformance testing shall be as specified in Appendix C of the reference fuel.
8.8 If the product extracted from the bulk sample vehicles can not meet the requirements of Table 1, according to the requirements of low-speed truck manufacturer extracted from the batch of the product
Several prototypes, including the original sample vehicles were measured. Conformity of Production testing organization shall determine the number of samples n. Extracting n prototypes
The arithmetic mean x and the standard fuel consumption measurements of vehicle deviation s, if meet the requirements of the formula (10), and then consider the production inspection agency
Product conformance requirements. Or that the batch of products do not meet the requirements of the conformity of production.
xk × s≤L (10)
Where.
Different low-speed vehicle engine mounting L --- predetermined fuel consumption limits in Table 1;
K --- statistical coefficient varies with n, are given in Table 3, if n≥20, then k =
0.860
Table 3 statistical coefficient
n 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
k 0.973 0.613 0.489 0.421 0.376 0.342 0.317 0.296 0.279
n 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
k 0.265 0.253 0.242 0.233 0.224 0.216 0.210 0.203 0.198
s --- standard deviation, according to equation (11) calculated as follows.
s =
n-1Σ
i = 1
(Xi-x) 2 (11)
x --- arithmetic mean, according to equation (12) calculated as follows.
x =
nΣ
i = 1
xi (12)
Measurements xi --- any kind of car.
Example 9 Standard
Since the implementation of this standard, where the fuel consumption type-approval of low-speed vehicles shall comply with this standard. In the implementation of this standard
Before the date, you can apply for type approval and approval in accordance with the relevant requirements of this standard.
For the requirements of this standard by the type-approval of low-speed vehicles, which produce consistency checks performed since the date of its adoption.
Since standard implementation date of one year, all manufacturing and sales of low-speed vehicles, their fuel consumption indicators should be consistent with the production of a standard
Check the consistency limits.
Appendix A
(Normative)
Low-speed vehicle fuel consumption measurement
A.1 on the chassis dynamometer operation cycle
On the chassis dynamometer operation cycle in accordance with Appendix B requirements.
A.2 general conditions of operation cycle
When necessary, before the test run test run cycle, to determine how to properly operate the accelerator pedal and the brake pedal, so that the actual cycle
Central and close to the theoretical cycle within the prescribed tolerances.
A.3 transmission use
A.3.1 If the transmission gear Ⅰ can reach maximum speed of less than 10km/h, then use Ⅱ gear or technical documents recommended gear.
When the low-speed vehicle can not reach the maximum vehicle speed value and the acceleration value required operation cycle, should the accelerator pedal is fully depressed in the end, until the low speed
Trucks return to operation curve required. Availability deviate operation cycle shall be recorded in the test report.
A.3.2 When the test should be used during normal driving gear used, according to the manufacturer's instructions using the gear.
A.3.3 If a vehicle engine idling operation cycle is higher than the unit No. 5 membered multicylinder low speed in the low-speed vehicles, and 12
24 operation (single-cylinder low-speed vehicles low speed operation cycle unit No. 4, No. 9 and No. 16 operations) during the engine speed, the system
Manufacturing plant under the requirements of the operation during a previous number, the clutch can be disengaged.
A.4 Tolerances
A.4.1 acceleration, constant speed and deceleration with the brakes, the vehicle speed and the theoretical speed indicates the allowable tolerance of ± 2km/h. Without the use of the brake, the
Deceleration too fast, it can only use A.7.4.3 requirements. When conditions change, the speed may be greater than a predetermined tolerance value, but each of tolerance of
Time is not greater than 1s.
A.4.2 time tolerance of ± 1s. The tolerances applicable to the start and end of each shift low speed operation cycle period.
A.5 Test Equipment
A.5.1 chassis dynamometer
A.5.1.1 dynamometer test used may be a fixed load curve (the physical characteristics of the dynamometer provides a fixed load curve shape)
Or adjustable load curve (dynamometer with at least two road load parameters can be adjusted to form a load curve).
A.5.1.2 dynamometer setting shall not affect the passage of time and can not make any low-speed vehicles may prevent the normal low-speed vehicles
Vibration operation.
A.5.1.3 dynamometer shall be equipped with inertia simulation and load simulation device.
A.5.1.4 Accuracy dynamometer shall meet the following criteria.
a) measuring and indicating the reading load, its accuracy should be able to reach ± 5%.
b) For a fixed load curve dynamometer, the accuracy of the load setting at 80km/h should achieve ± 5%. For the load curve
Adjustable dynamometer, dynamometer road load corresponding to the load at 80km/h, 60km/h, quasi 40km/h and 20km/h when
Accuracy should reach ± 5%, while at 20km/h was ± 15%, is lower than this speed, the dynamometer should be able to absorb power.
Total inertia c) the rotating member (including analog inertia) should be known and used in the test range of the order of ± 20kg.
d) the speed should be measured by the speed of the drum. When the vehicle speed is greater than 10km/h, the measurement accuracy shall be ± 1km/h; small speed
When than or equal to 10km/h, the measurement accuracy shall be ± 2km/h.
The actual distance e) low-speed vehicle traveling the distance should be measured by the rotation of the drum.
A.5.1.5 load and inertia set in the following manner.
a) a fixed load curve dynamometer. the load simulator shall be adjusted at 80km/h constant speed, to make it absorb the drive wheels
Power, and at 30km/h power absorbed shall be recorded.
b) Adjustable load curve dynamometer. Should respectively 80km/h, adjust the load under 60km/h, 40km/h and 20km/h constant speed
Simulator to make it absorb the power on drive wheels.
c) dynamometer with electrically simulated inertia, should be verified with the mechanical inertia of the system of equivalence.
A.5.2 exhaust sampling system
A.5.2.1 exhaust sampling system must be able to extract the real measured low-speed vehicle exhaust emissions of pollutants. Constant volume sampling system should be used
(CVS). Such a system requires a low-speed vehicle exhaust serially diluted in ambient air under controlled conditions. Measuring the constant volume sampling system
Concept, should meet two conditions. the total volume of the mixture should be measured in the exhaust and dilution air, according to the ratio of the volume of gas samples were continuously collected
analysis.
Quality exhaust pollutant gas concentration is determined by the sample, and the sample gas concentrations of total ambient air pollutant content and test period in accordance with
Traffic to be amended.
A.5.2.2 flow through the exhaust gas sampling system should be large enough to avoid all possible conditions experienced during the test prescribed in the emergence of the cold
Condensate water.
A.5.2.3 exhaust air and gas mixture should be uniform.
A.5.2.4 probe shall extract a true sample diluted exhaust gas.
A.5.2.5 exhaust gas sampling system should not leak. Structures and Materials exhaust gas sampling system shall ensure that the sampling system itself does not affect the diluted exhaust gas
The concentration of pollutants. If any sampling system components (heat exchanger, blower, etc.) change the concentration of any pollutant in the diluted exhaust gas, and
They can not be corrected, the contaminants should be sampled before the member.
A.5.2.6 low static pressure fluctuation at the outlet of truck exhaust pipe, the exhaust pipe without a connection pipe for operation cycle measured on static dynamometer
Voltage fluctuations, a difference should be within ± 1.25kPa. Back pressure exhaust pipe should be as close to the outlet of the exhaust pipe, or having the same diameter
Extend the pipe to measure.
A.5.2.7 various valves used to change the direction of the exhaust gas should be rapid adjustment, quick acting type.
A.5.2.8 The gas collected in the volume of the sample gas sampling bag suitable. Material sampling bags shall ensure the storage of polluting gases 20min
After the change of pollutant gas concentration does not exceed ± 2%.
A.5.3 Analysis Equipment
A.5.3.1 Requirements
A.5.3.1.1 gaseous pollutants should be analyzed with the following instruments.
Carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) analyzer. nondispersive infrared absorption (NDIR) type.
Hydrocarbons (HC) analyzer. Heated flame ionization (HFID) type. Its detector, valves, pipes, etc. heated to 463K ±
10K (190 ℃ ± 10 ℃). Calibration using propane gas to carbon atoms (C1) equivalent.
A.5.3.1.2...
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