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Provisions for the installation of lighting and light-signalling devices for motorcycles and mopeds
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Provisions for installation of lighting and light-signaling devices for motorcycles -- Part 1: Two wheels motorcycle
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Provisions for installation of two wheel motorcycle and moped lighting and light-signalling devices [including MODIFICATION 1]
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GB 18100-2025: Provisions for the installation of lighting and light-signalling devices for motorcycles and mopeds
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GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.040.20
CCS T 38
Replacing GB 18100.1-2010, GB 18100.2-2010, GB 18100.3-2010
Provisions for the installation of lighting and light-signalling
devices for motorcycles and mopeds
Issued on: MAY 30, 2025
Implemented on: JANUARY 01, 2026
Issued by. Status Administration for Market Regulation;
National Standardization Administration.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 4
1 Scope... 7
2 Normative references... 7
3 Terms and definitions... 8
4 General requirements... 9
5 Special provisions... 16
5.1 High beam... 16
5.2 Low beams... 20
5.3 Front fog lamps... 24
5.4 Daytime running lamps... 25
5.5 Front position lights... 27
5.6 Rear position lights... 29
5.7 Rear license plate illumination... 30
5.8 Brake lights... 31
5.9 Emergency brake signal... 33
5.10 Turn signal lights... 34
5.11 Hazard warning signals... 37
5.12 Rear fog lamps... 38
5.13 Reversing lights... 39
5.14 Rear retroreflector... 40
5.15 Side retroreflectors... 42
5.16 Exterior courtesy lamps... 43
5.17 Adaptive driving beam (ADB)... 44
5.18 Rear-end collision warning signal... 47
6 Inspection rules... 48
6.1 Type inspection... 48
6.2 Production conformity inspection... 49
7 Determination of same type... 49
8 Implementation of the standard... 50
Provisions for the installation of lighting and light-signalling
devices for motorcycles and mopeds
1 Scope
This document specifies the general requirements, special provisions, inspection rules,
requirements for determining the same type of lighting and light signaling devices for
motorcycles and mopeds.
This document applies to two-wheeled mopeds (L1 category), front-wheeled three-
wheeled mopeds (L2 category), two-wheeled motorcycles (L3 category), sidecar three-
wheeled motorcycles (L4 category), front-wheeled three-wheeled motorcycles (L5
category).
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents, through normative references, constitute
essential provisions of this document. For dated references, only the version
corresponding to that date applies to this document. For undated references, the latest
version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB 4599 Road illumination devices and systems for motor motorcycles
GB 4785 Prescription for installation of the external lighting and light-signalling
devices for motor motorcycles and their trailers
GB/T 5359.1 Term for motorcycles and mopeds - Part 1.Types of motorcycles
GB 5920 Light-signalling devices and systems for motor motorcycles and their
trailers
GB 17510 Photometric characteristics of light-signalling devices for motorcycles
GB 19152 Motor motorcycle headlamps emitting a symmetrical passing beam or a
driving beam or both
GB 20073 Performance and measurement method for braking of motorcycles and
mopeds
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB 4785 and GB/T 5359.1, as well as the
following terms and definitions, apply to this document.
3.1
Extreme outer edge
A plane parallel to the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the motorcycle and in
contact with the outer edge of the motorcycle.
Note. The outer edge of a motorcycle does not include the following protrusions. rearview
mirrors, turn signal lamps, front position lamps, rear position lamps, retroreflectors.
3.2
Horizontal inclination
The angle between the headlamp beam of an unladen motorcycle and the headlamp
beam when the motorcycle is tilted.
Note. A schematic diagram is provided in Appendix A.
3.3
Horizontal inclination adjustment system (HIAS)
A device that maintains the horizontal inclination of a motorcycle's headlights at
zero.
3.4
Bank angle
The angle between the longitudinal plane of symmetry and the vertical plane when
the motorcycle is tilted.
Note. A schematic diagram is provided in Appendix A.
3.5
HIAS signal
Any control signal or additional control signal input to the HIAS, or a control signal
output from the HIAS to the motorcycle.
Note. This is referred to as "HIAS signal".
3.6
HIAS signal generator
A device used for HIAS testing that repeatedly generates one or more horizontal
inclination signals.
Note. This is referred to as "HIAS signal generator".
3.7
HIAS test angle
The angle between the low-beam cutoff line and the H-H line of a headlamp.
Note. This is referred to as the "HIAS test angle". In Figure A.1, δ is used to represent the
HIAS test angle.
3.8
Exterior courtesy lamp
A lamp that provides auxiliary lighting for the driver and passengers when entering
or exiting a motorcycle or loading or unloading cargo.
3.9
Adaptive driving-beam (ADB)
A high beam, which adjusts the beam according to oncoming or preceding
motorcycles to improve the driver's visibility at longer ranges, without causing
discomfort, glare, or distraction to other road users.
3.10
Illuminated logo
An illuminated graphic mark, emblem, text, or combination of these elements used
to represent the motorcycle manufacturer's brand or model logo.
4 General requirements
4.1 The installation of lighting and light-signaling devices shall comply with the
requirements for the installation of the respective devices in this document under
normal use, even when subjected to vibration.
4.2 Lighting devices shall be mounted so as to facilitate correct adjustment of their aim.
4.3 The reference axes of all lighting and light-signaling devices installed on a
motorcycle must be parallel to the motorcycle's resting surface on the road. Except for
side retroreflectors, the reference axes of all lighting and light-signaling devices must
be parallel to the motorcycle's longitudinal plane of symmetry; the reference axes of
side retroreflectors must be perpendicular to the motorcycle's longitudinal plane of
symmetry. The tolerance in each direction is ±3°.
4.4 When inspecting the mounting height and orientation of lamps, the motorcycle
under test must be unloaded and placed on a level surface, with its longitudinal plane
of symmetry vertical and the handlebars or front wheels in the forward-facing, straight-
ahead position. Tire inflation pressure must comply with the motorcycle manufacturer's
specifications.
4.5 The installation of single or multiple lamps on a motorcycle must meet the following
requirements.
a) For single-mounted lamps (for Category L4 motorcycles, only single lamps
installed on the main motorcycle are considered), their reference center shall be
located on the motorcycle's longitudinal plane of symmetry, with the following
exceptions.
1) High beam lamps installed in accordance with 5.1.3.1.1 or 5.1.3.1.2;
2) Low beam lamps installed in accordance with 5.2.3.1.1 or 5.2.3.1.2;
3) Front fog lamps installed in accordance with 5.3.3.1.1;
4) Daytime running lamps installed in accordance with 5.4.3.1.1 or 5.4.3.1.2;
5) Front position lamps installed in accordance with 5.5.3.1.1 or 5.5.3.1.2.
b) Lamps installed in pairs on L1, L2, L3, L5, L4 main motorcycles shall meet the
following requirements.
1) They shall be installed symmetrically on the motorcycle with respect to the
motorcycle's longitudinal plane of symmetry.
2) The luminaire's shape and light-transmitting surface must be symmetrical
relative to the motorcycle's longitudinal plane of symmetry. For luminaires
with illuminated logos, the illuminated logos themselves may be asymmetrical.
3) They must meet the same chromaticity requirements and have consistent
photometric characteristics.
4) They must illuminate and deactivate simultaneously (except for turn signals).
c) For luminaires mounted on the sidecars of category L4 motorcycles, and for
category L5 motorcycles with a front track greater than 460 mm equipped with
three or four rear retro-reflectors, the provisions for the corresponding luminaires
in Chapter 5 must apply.
4.6 Combined, mixed, or hybrid luminaires, as well as single luminaires, must meet the
following requirements.
a) Luminaires may be combined, hybrid, or composited with each other, provided
that their respective light color, mounting position, orientation, geometric
visibility, circuit connection, and other requirements are met, meanwhile the
following requirements are met.
1) When all other luminaires in the combined, hybrid, or composite are off, the
luminaire must meet its photometric and chromaticity requirements. For the
case where the front position lamp or rear position lamp is mixed with one or
more functions and operates simultaneously, it shall be ensured that the
chromaticity requirements of the function are met when the function and the
front position lamp or rear position lamp are turned on at the same time.
2) "D"-shaped rear position lamps shall not be mixed with brake lamps.
3) If a brake lamp is combined with a turn signal lamp, the boundaries of adjacent
areas of different colors formed by the projection of their visual surfaces in a
direction perpendicular to the reference axis shall ensure that no horizontal or
vertical straight line crosses the aforementioned boundaries more than twice.
Furthermore, the visual surfaces based on the light-transmitting surfaces in the
direction of the reference axis shall not overlap.
b) For single lamps, the following requirements must be met.
1) For the same lamp, if the visual surface is composed of several separate parts
in the direction of the reference axis, the following requirements must be met.
the sum of the minimum convex polygonal areas of the projections of the
luminous surfaces of each part, in the direction of the reference axis, must not
be less than 60% of the minimum convex polygonal area of the projection of
the functional boundary, in the direction of the reference axis; or, the spacing
between the projections of each part in the direction of the reference axis must
not exceed 75 mm. This requirement does not apply to retroreflectors and
license plate lamp functions.
2) Two independent retro-reflectors or two "D"-shaped lamps must meet the
following requirements. The sum of the minimum convex polygonal areas of
the projections of the luminous surfaces of each portion, along the reference
axis, must not be less than 60% of the minimum convex polygonal area of the
projections of the functional boundary along the reference axis; or the spacing
must not exceed 75 mm.
3) For a mutual-lamp system, the requirements of 4.6 b) 1) must be met. A lamp
4.19 For category L5 motorcycles with two front wheels and a front wheelbase no
greater than 460 mm, the installation of exterior lighting and light signaling devices
shall be in accordance with the installation requirements for exterior lighting and light
signaling devices for category L3 motorcycles.
4.20 Unless otherwise specified, the "motorcycle's longitudinal symmetry plane" for
category L4 motorcycles in this document refers to the main motorcycle.
4.21 Illuminated logos shall be the motorcycle manufacturer's brand or model logo.
There shall be no more than two illuminated logos facing the front or rear of the
motorcycle.
5 Special provisions
5.1 High beam
5.1.1 Quantity
5.1.1.1 For categories L3, L4, L5 motorcycles, one or two (paired) A, B, CS, or DS-
class high beams are permitted. Two (paired) CS-class high beams are recommended.
For category L5 motorcycles with a width greater than 1300 mm, two (paired) A, B,
CS, or DS-class high beams shall be installed.
5.1.1.2 For categories L1 and L2 motorcycles, one or two (in pair) A, B, BS, CS, or DS
class high-beam headlights are permitted.
5.1.2 Layout
For categories L4 motorcycles, the headlights must be installed on the main motorcycle.
5.1.3 Position
5.1.3.1 Lateral
5.1.3.1.1 If a single high-beam headlight is installed, it must be located above, below,
or to the side of the other front lamps. If these lamps are arranged vertically, the
reference center of the high-beam headlight must lie on the motorcycle's longitudinal
plane of symmetry; if these lamps are arranged horizontally, their reference centers
must be symmetrical to the motorcycle's longitudinal plane of symmetry.
5.1.3.1.2 If a single high-beam headlight is installed and integrated with the
motorcycle's other front lamps, its reference center must lie on the motorcycle's
longitudinal plane of symmetry. When a motorcycle is equipped with a single low-beam
headlight or a low-beam headlight integrated with a front position lamp and located
near the high-beam headlight, its reference center must be symmetrical to the
motorcycle's longitudinal plane of symmetry.
5.1.3.1.3 If two high-beam headlights are installed, regardless of whether they are
intermixed with other front-mounted lamps, the reference centers of the two high-beam
headlights shall be symmetrical with respect to the motorcycle's longitudinal plane of
symmetry.
5.1.3.2 Height
The ground clearance shall not exceed 1300 mm and shall not be less than 500 mm.
5.1.3.3 Longitudinal
Located at the front of the motorcycle, the emitted light shall not directly or indirectly
pass through the rearview mirror or other reflective surfaces of the motorcycle, causing
discomfort to the driver.
5.1.3.4 Spatial distance
In any case, the distance between the edge of the luminous surface of any one high-
beam headlight and the edge of the luminous surface of the low-beam headlight (if only
one is installed) or the edge of the luminous surface of the low-beam headlight on the
same side (if two are installed), shall not exceed 200 mm. For categories L1, L3, L4
motorcycles equipped with two high-beam headlights, the distance between the edges
of the high-beam headlights' luminous surfaces shall not exceed 200 mm.
5.1.4 Geometric visibility
Vertical Angle α. 5° upward, 5° downward.
Horizontal angle β. 5° to the left, 5° to the right.
5.1.5 Direction
5.1.5.1 Forward-facing. Turnable with the steering wheel.
5.1.5.2 High beams may be equipped with HIAS.
5.1.6 Circuit connection
5.1.6.1 When high beams are ON, low beams may remain ON. When secondary high
beams are ON, low beams shall remain ON.
5.1.6.2 High beams may be automatically turned on and off. The control signal shall be
generated by a sensor system that detects and responds to the following.
a) Ambient light conditions;
b) Light emitted by oncoming motorcycles, front lighting devices and light signaling
devices;
c) Light emitted by motorcycles ahead, from rear light signaling devices.
Additional sensor functions that enhance performance are permitted.
Note. "Motorcycle" in this article refers to L, M, N, O category motorcycles and electric
bicycles. These motorcycles are deemed to be equipped with retroreflectors and have their
lighting and light signaling systems activated.
5.1.6.3 The high beam headlights shall be manually turned on and off at any time; the
automatic high beam control function shall be manually deactivated. Manually
deactivating the high beam headlights or the automatic high beam control function shall
be simple and straightforward, with no secondary operations.
5.1.7 Indicators
5.1.7.1 An ON indicator shall be provided, which shall be a non-flashing blue indicator.
5.1.7.2 Motorcycles equipped with a high-intensity autonomous driving system (HIAS)
shall be equipped with a flashing amber HIAS fault indicator. The HIAS fault indicator
may be shared with the low beam headlights. When an HIAS fault signal is detected,
the high beam headlights shall automatically activate and remain on, until the fault is
resolved.
5.1.7.3 If the high beam headlights have an automatic control function, a message
indicating that the automatic high beam control function is activated shall be provided
to the driver; this message shall remain displayed while the function is on.
5.1.8 Other requirements
5.1.8.1 When the high beams are simultaneously on, the maximum luminous intensity
shall not exceed 430000 cd. This value shall be obtained by measuring the maximum
luminous intensity of each high beam headlight individually and summing the two
values while the motorcycle's power system is operating.
5.1.8.2 When the HIAS function of the high beam headlights fails, the following
requirements shall be met without the use of any special tools.
- Shut down and restart the HIAS unit as specified by the manufacturer;
- Reset the high beam lamps. All requirements for headlights without HIAS shall be
met for horizontal or vertical alignment. The manufacturer shall provide detailed
instructions for restarting the HIAS. Alternatively, the manufacturer may install an
automatic system to achieve the above function. In this case, the manufacturer shall
provide the necessary equipment and documentation for testing such a system. The
effectiveness of the system may be demonstrated by a demonstration test.
5.1.8.3 Automatically activated high beams must meet the following requirements.
a) The sensor system used to control the automatic activation and deactivation of the
high beams must meet the requirements of 5.1.6.2, within at least the following
spatial range.
1) Horizontal angle. 15° to the left, 15° to the right;
2) Vertical angle. 5° upward, 2° downward.
The above angles are measured relative to a horizontal line passing through
the center of the sensor aperture and parallel to the longitudinal plane of
symmetry of the motorcycle.
b) The sensor system must be able to detect the following motorcycles on a straight
horizontal path.
1) Oncoming motor vehicles at a distance of at least 400 m;
2) A motor vehicle or vehicle with a trailer traveling ahead within a distance of at
least 100 meters;
3) An oncoming electric bicycle within a distance of at least 75 meters.
When testing according to the above requirements, oncoming or preceding
motor vehicles or vehicles with trailers must activate their position lights and
low-beam headlights. For electric bicycles, a white lamp with a luminous
intensity of 150 cd, a luminous surface area of (10 ± 3) cm2, a height of 0.8 m
above the ground may be used instead.
c) Automatic switching between high and low beams shall be achieved without
causing discomfort, distraction, or glare to the driver.
d) When the automatic high beam control function is activated, the following
conditions must be met when illuminated. When the ambient illumination is no
greater than 7000 lx, the sensor must not detect any motorcycles specified in
5.1.6.2 within the area and distance ranges described in 5.1.8.3 a) and 5.1.8.3 b).
e) When the high-beam automatic control function is activated and in the illuminated
state, it shall automatically shut off when the following conditions are met. the
sensor detects a motorcycle meeting the requirements of 5.1.6.2 within the area
and distance range described in 5.1.8.3 a) and 5.1.8.3 b); or the ambient
illuminance exceeds 7000 lx.
5.1.8.4 The high-beam automatic control system shall be tested as follows.
a) The requirements of 5.1.8.3 shall be verified by test or by a simulation method
approved by the testing organization to demonstrate product compliance. If a test
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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