GB/T 12350-2022 PDF English
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| GB/T 12350-2022 | English | 595 |
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Safety requirements of small power motors
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| GB 12350-2009 | English | 245 |
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[GB/T 12350-2009] Safety requirements of small-power motors
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| GB 12350-2000 | English | 639 |
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Safety requirments of small power motors
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| GB 12350-1990 | English | RFQ |
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Safety requirements of small power moters
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GB/T 12350-2022: Safety requirements of small power motors---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT12350-2022
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 29.160.30
CCS K 20
Replacing GB/T 12350-2009
Safety requirements of small power motors
Issued on: APRIL 15, 2022
Implemented on: NOVEMBER 01, 2022
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 4
1 Scope... 7
2 Normative references... 7
3 Terms and definitions... 9
4 Marking and description... 11
5 Base and enclosure... 14
6 Mechanical assemblies and parts... 15
7 Anti-corrosion... 17
8 Electrical connection... 17
9 Connecting pieces... 20
10 Internal wiring... 20
11 Electrical insulation support... 22
12 Evaluation of insulation systems... 22
13 Brush holder... 23
14 Non-metallic parts... 24
15 Clearance and creepage distance... 27
16 Grounding... 28
17 Temperature rise test... 29
18 Abnormal test... 35
19 Endurance test... 37
20 Insulation resistance and electrical strength... 38
21 Leakage current at operating temperature... 40
22 Damp heat test... 42
23 Start... 43
24 Components... 43
25 Electromagnetic compatibility... 45
26 Additional requirements... 47
27 Inspection rules... 48
1 Scope
This document specifies the general safety requirements of small power motors.
This document applies to small power motors (hereinafter referred to as the motors)
specified in GB/T 5171.1; it also applies as a reference to the implementation of
other similar motors.
2 Normative references
The following documents are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the version
corresponding to that date is applicable to this document; for undated references, the
latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 755, Rotating electrical machines - Rating and performance
GB/T 1971, Rotating electrical machines - Terminal markings and direction of
rotation
GB/T 2423.3, Environmental testing - Part 2.Testing method - Test Cab. Damp
heat, steady state
GB/T 2423.4, Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2.
Test method - Test Db. Damp heat, cyclic (12h+12h cycle)
GB/T 2423.55, Environmental testing for electric and electronic products - Part 2.
Test methods - Test Eh. hammer tests
GB/T 2900.25, Electrotechnical terminology - Rotating electrical machines
GB/T 2900.27, Electrotechnical terminology - Small-power motor
GB/T 3667.1-2016, AC motor capacitors - Part 1.General - Performance, testing
and rating - Safety requirements - Guide for installation and operation
GB/T 3667.2-2016, AC motor capacitors - Part 2.Motor start capacitors
GB/T 4207, Method for the determination of the proof and the comparative
tracking indices of solid insulating materials
GB 4343.1, Electromagnetic compatibility requirements for household appliances,
electric tools and similar apparatus - Part 1.Emission
GB 4706.1, Household and similar electrical appliances – safety - Part 1.General
requirements
GB/T 4942, Degrees of protection provided by the integral design of rotating
electrical machines (IP code) - Classification
GB/T 5169.5, Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products - Part 5.Test
flames - Needle-flame test method - Apparatus, confirmatory test arrangement
and guidance
GB/T 5169.11, Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products - Part 11.
Glowing/hot-wire based test methods - Glow-wire flammability test method for
end-products (GWEPT)
GB/T 5169.16, Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products - Part 16.
Test flames - 50 W horizontal and vertical flame test methods
GB/T 5169.21, Fire hazard testing for electric and electronic products - Part 21.
Abnormal heat - Ball pressure test method
3 Terms and definitions
Terms and definitions determined by GB/T 2900.25, GB/T 2900.27, GB 4706.1 and
GB/T 5171.1, as well as the following, are applicable to this document.
3.1 Creepage distance
The shortest path distance along the surface of insulating material between two
conductive parts, or between a conductive part and an accessible surface.
3.2 Clearance
The shortest spatial distance between two conductive parts, or between a conductive
part and an accessible surface.
3.3 Enclosure
Easy-to-reach motor surfaces, including the surfaces of motor junction box and other
parts. Excluding hard-to-reach parts.
3.4 Component
Special accessories for motors.
Examples. centrifugal switch, capacitor, thermal protector, etc.
3.5 Insulator
A component used to insulate and support conductors.
3.6 Diameter of motor
Diameter measured on the circumscribed circle of the motor stator casing, excluding
the dimensions of the motor’s radiation ribs, junction boxes and welds.
3.7 Pollution degree
Expected degree of contamination of the microenvironment, represented by
numbers.
Note. Pollution degree 1.non-pollution, or only dry, non-conductive pollution,
which is of no effect.
Pollution degree 2.only non-conductive pollution in general; but occasional
short-lived conductive pollution by must-be-expected condensation.
Pollution degree 3.conductive pollution; or conductive pollution changed
from dry non-conductive pollution due to expected condensation.
Pollution degree 4.persistent conductive pollution, for example, caused by
conductive dust or rain or snow.
3.8 Basic insulation
Insulation applied to live parts to provide basic protection against electric shock.
3.9 Supplementary insulation
Separate insulation additionally applied to basic insulation in order to provide
protection against electric shock in the event of failure of the basic insulation.
4 Marking and description
4.1 Each motor shall have a firm nameplate indicating the rated data and other
necessary matters of the motor in its obvious position.
The nameplate of the motor shall contain the following.
a) name of the motor;
b) motor model or specification;
c) rated voltage or rated voltage range (unit. V);
d) rated frequency (unit. Hz);
e) symbols of the nature of power supply, except those marked with the rated
frequency;
f) rated current (Unit. A);
g) rated output power or rated output power range (unit. W or kW); the motor
with rated torque is only marked with rated output torque or rated output
torque range.
-- For motors that are completely fitted with other equipment and devices and
cannot be separated separately, such as vacuum cleaner motors and drainage
pump motors, it is allowed to mark the input power; it shall be indicated on
the nameplate that the power is input power;
-- The rated output power range or rated output torque range is only applicable
to motors with stepless speed regulation;
-- For motors with step speed regulation function, rated output power or rated
output torque shall be marked in grades;
h) rated speed or rated speed range (unit. r/min);
Note. The rated speed range is only applicable to motors with stepless speed
regulation.
i) efficiency (for motors with energy efficiency labelling requirements);
j) working system (if not S1 working system);
k) capacitance and rated voltage of the capacitor (where applicable);
l) wiring diagram (if there is a wiring diagram label in other positions such as the
casing or the manual, it is not necessary to indicate it);
m) thermal classification;
n) protection grade (it can be omitted in the case of IP00);
o) name of the manufacturer;
p) manufacturing date or production batch number (which can be marked
separately on the case).
If above items in this document need to be increased or decreased for all kinds of
motors due to special needs or limitation by the position of the nameplate, it shall be
specified in the various motor standards, and other items shall be explained in detail
in the manual, but a), b), c), g), h), j), k), m), o) and p) shall be indicated on the
nameplate. The unit of measurement on the nameplate shall comply with the relevant
standards or regulations. Check compliance by visual inspection.
For products supplied in batches, it is allowed to use inkjet printing or other similar
methods to identify the content of the nameplate.
When the manufacturer and the production plant are different enterprises, the
nameplate shall be marked with the name of the manufacturer, but the traceability of
the complete product production and circulation process shall be guaranteed.
4.2 The components of the motor shall be marked with the type and category of the
components, and shall have the manufacturer's name or trademark or other similar
marks to distinguish them from other components and their manufacturers.
4.3 If there is a terminal for the neutral line of the power supply, it shall be marked
with the letter “N”. Except for the case where the grounding wire cannot be replaced
without damaging the motor, the terminal of the grounding wire shall be marked
with the symbol “ ”. These marks shall not be placed on the screws, removable
gaskets or possibly removable parts used as connecting wires. For the flexible
grounding cord, it shall be insulated wire of green and yellow, which must not be
used for other conductors.
5 Base and enclosure
5.1 General
The motor shall have sufficient mechanical strength and rigidity to avoid safety
accidents such as fire and electric shock caused by the reduction of clearance or
creepage distance, loose parts or displacement caused by mechanical deformation.
5.2 Minimum allowable thickness of motor enclosure
5.2.1 For the unreinforced plane parts, it is specified as follows.
-- cast metal thickness ≥3.2 mm;
-- malleable cast iron thickness ≥2.4 mm;
-- die-casting metal thickness ≥2.0 mm.
If its surface is curved, ribbed or otherwise reinforced, or its surface shape has
sufficient mechanical strength, the minimum allowable thickness may be reduced to.
-- cast metal thickness ≥2.4 mm;
-- malleable cast iron thickness ≥1.6 mm;
-- die-casting metal thickness ≥1.2 mm.
5.2.2 For motors with sheet steel casings, the minimum allowable thickness of the
steel casings is specified as.
-- uncoated shell thickness ≥0.70 mm;
-- cladding shell thickness ≥0.75 mm.
5.2.3 For motors with non-ferrous metal casings, the minimum allowable thickness
of the casing is specified as 1.0 mm. However, for relatively small areas, curved
surfaces and surfaces reinforced by other methods, and when a certain material has
been proved by tests to have sufficient mechanical strength, the thickness is allowed
to be less than the specified limits in 5.2.2 and this article.
5.2.4 For motors with non-metallic material casings, the structural design shall have
sufficient strength, and shall have heat resistance, flame retardant and corrosion
resistance capabilities.
6 Mechanical assemblies and parts
6.1 The motor assembly shall be firm and reliable to prevent harmful effects from
vibration during normal operation.
The rotating parts of the motor shall be able to withstand the overspeed test specified
in GB/T 5171.1 without loosening and harmful deformation.
6.2 If the motor has a junction box for accommodating and connecting the power
supply wires, the junction box shall be solid and durable, and its installation shall be
firm, and no harmful deformation and loosening are allowed.
Compliance with the requirements shall be determined by inspection and by the
following tests.
For a motor whose base number is H90 or above or diameter is greater than 180 mm,
when the motor is installed in any predetermined position, the junction box shall be
able to withstand a static load of 110 kg on its horizontal plane without being
damaged.
For a motor whose base number is H90 and below or diameter is 180 mm and below,
when the motor is installed in any predetermined position, the static load on the
horizontal plane of the junction box shall be calculated as 1.42 kg/cm2 on the
horizontal plane, but shall not be larger than 110 kg. This load can be applied
through a metal plane with a diameter of 50 mm without being damaged.
If the junction box is shifted or deformed after the load test is carried out, and the
clearance and creepage distance between the box body and any terminal still meet
the requirements of Chapter 15, the junction box is considered to be qualified.
6.3 If the motor is equipped with a lifting ring or similar lifting device for hoisting
the motor, its strength limit is the base, and its safety factor is at least 5.
6.4 For a motor with a junction box, the junction box shall be installed in a position
that is easy to inspect during normal use of the motor, and shall be installed firmly
and not allowed to loosen.
6.5 If the motor has capacitors, switches or similar devices, they shall be installed
firmly, not allowed to loosen, and shall be easy to replace.
6.6 The motor shall have a certain moisture-proof ability. The motor insulation
structures, such as enameled wire, slot insulation, binding tape (rope), slot wedge,
shall be provided with certain moisture-proof measures, and shall have good
molding and assembly to ensure that the motor windings have reliable insulation and
mechanical properties.
7 Anti-corrosion
If the corrosion of steel parts may lead to motor fire, electric shock or personal injury,
these parts shall be painted, coated, electroplated or treated with other measures to
ensure sufficient rust resistance.
However, for steel and iron parts in the enclosure, if the oxidation is not obvious
when exposed to the air, parts such as bearings and punching pieces may not require
anti-corrosion.
For parts whose anti-rust ability is doubtful, the following tests shall also be carried
out to check and judge.
8 Electrical connection
8.1 Flexible cords for connecting the power supply and connecting components
8.1.1 The flexible cords for connecting the power supply and connecting components
shall comply with the relevant standards for flexible cords; the rated voltage shall not
be lower than the maximum working voltage of the motor, and the rated current
carrying capacity shall not be lower than the rated current value of the motor.
8.1.2 Unless there are measures, in the end-use equipment of the motor, to eliminate
the possible tension on the flexible cord, or the flexible cord used to connect
components will not be exposed to the motor or end-use equipment, an insulating
protective layer and a clamping device shall be provided at the outlet of the flexible
cord to prevent the possible tension on the flexible cord from being transmitted to
the internal wiring of the motor.
The clamping device used to clamp the flexible cord shall be made of insulating
material; if metal material is used, it shall have an insulating lining.
Compliance with the requirements shall be checked and determined by the following
flexible cord tension test.
During the test, disconnect the flexible cord at the wire clamp, and hang a heavy
object of the mass specified in Table 1 on the flexible cord for 1 min. The motor
shall be placed in any position allowed by the structure, so that the clamping device
can be subjected to tensile force.
Before the test, make a mark at about 20 mm away from the cord clamping device or
other appropriate position. After the test, the relative displacement of the clamped
part of the cord and the clamping device shall not exceed 2 mm.
8.1.3 Unless there are protective measures in the end-use equipment of the motor,
there shall be appropriate measures to prevent the flexible cord from withdrawing
into the motor from the outlet of the motor, so as to avoid the displacement of the
flexible cord which may lead to dangerous accidents.
8.1.4 The structure of the motor connected to the power supply through the plug
shall be such that in normal use, when the pins of the plug are touched, there is no
danger of electric shock caused by the overcharged capacitor.
Note. Capacitors with rated capacitance not greater than 0.1 μF are not considered to
cause electric shock hazards.
When the motor is powered at rated voltage, place any of its switches in the “off”
position; disconnect the motor from the power supply at the voltage peak. At 1 s
after disconnection, use an instrument whose input impedance consists of (100 ± 5)
MΩ in parallel with (20 ± 5) pF or an instrument that does not significantly affect the
measured value to measure the voltage between the pins of the plug. This voltage
shall not exceed 34 V.
8.2 Terminals for external conductors
8.2.1 Except for the cords, plugs or sockets that are connected to the power supply,
for the terminals on the motor equipped with external power supply conductors by
means of screws, nuts or similar devices, the screws and nuts for clamping the power
supply conductors shall comply with the relevant standards. They shall not be used
to hold any other parts, but they can also be used to clamp the motor's internal wires
if the internal wires of the motor do not move when the power wires are connected
externally.
8.2.2 The terminals of the motor shall be able to connect the conductors of the
cross-sectional area shown in Table 2.
Table 2 – Cross-sectional area of conductors that can be connected to the
terminals
8.2.3 The terminals shall be securely fixed. When clamping or loosening the power
supply wire, loosening is not allowed; the internal wire shall not be stressed; the
clearance and creepage distance shall not be less than the specified limits in Chapter
15.
8.2.4 Terminals shall be designed and placed properly. When clamping the wire,
there shall be sufficient contact pressure between the metal surfaces, while the wire
shall not be damaged, and will not slip.
When terminals, as well as screws and nuts, are used to clamp the power supply
wires, the terminals shall be equipped with effective measures such as O-shaped
connecting pieces or cup washers to ensure reliable connection between the wires
and the terminals.
9 Connecting pieces
9.1 The connecting pieces, such as screws, used for electrical or other connection in
the motor shall be able to withstand the mechanical stress generated in normal use.
Parts such as screws and nuts shall not be made of soft or creep-prone metals such as
zinc and aluminum.
9.2 The screws that may be turned by the user shall have a certain length to ensure a
reliable connection.
9.3 For screws used for mechanical connection between different parts, if the
connecting piece is current-carrying, the screw shall be securely locked to prevent
loosening.
10 Internal wiring
10.1 The internal wiring of the motor refers to the internal wiring except the
windings. They shall be fixed firmly and not allowed to be loose. Two or more wires
in the same direction shall be bundled together. The wires shall not be placed on
parts with acute angles and sharp edges, and shall be effectively prevented from
contacting with moving parts.
10.2 The internal wiring shall be well insulated; the extension lines for the internal
wiring of the motor shall meet the relevant standards for extension lines; the
extension line for the internal wiring where the insulation layer is in contact with the
motor winding shall have a heat resistance rating not lower than the thermal
classification of the motor. If the extension line of the motor is covered with an
insulating sleeve or equivalent measures not lower than the thermal classification of
the motor, the minimum heat resistance temperature of the extension line shall
comply with the provisions of Table 4.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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