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Basic dataStandard ID: LY/T 3111-2019 (LY/T3111-2019)Description (Translated English): General technical rules for prevention and control terrestrial wildlife-borne infectious diseases in zoo Sector / Industry: Forestry Industry Standard (Recommended) Classification of Chinese Standard: B60 Classification of International Standard: 65.020.99 Word Count Estimation: 13,178 Date of Issue: 2019-10-23 Date of Implementation: 2020-04-01 Issuing agency(ies): State Forestry and Grassland Administration LY/T 3111-2019: General technical rules for prevention and control terrestrial wildlife-borne infectious diseases in zoo---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order. (General principles for zoo terrestrial wildlife disease prevention and control technology) ICS 65.020.99 B 60 LY People's Republic of China Forestry Industry Standard General principles for zoo terrestrial wildlife disease prevention and control technology General technical rules for prevention and control terrestrial wildlife-borne infectious diseases in zoo 2019-10-23 released 2020-04-01 implementation Published by the National Forestry and Grassland Administration ContentsForeword ... II 1 Scope ... 1 2 Normative references ... 1 3 Terms and definitions ... 1 4 General ... 2 5 Monitoring ... 2 6 Disinfection ... 2 7 Immunization ... 3 8 Deworming ... 3 9 Prevention ... 4 10 Quarantine ... 4 11 Disposal of sick animals ... 4 Appendix A (informative appendix) List of key zoomonitoring epidemics ... 6 Appendix B (informative) Conventional chemical disinfection methods in zoos ... 11ForewordThis standard was drafted in accordance with the rules of GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard was proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee for the Management and Operation of Wildlife Conservation. This standard was drafted by the State Forestry Administration's Forest Disease and Pest Control Station. The Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences Institute, Northeast Forestry University, Shanghai Zoo and other units participated in the drafting. The main drafters of this standard. Geng Haidong, Xie Linhong, Chai Hongliang, Pei Enle, Sun Weiyang, Xu Yu, Gui Jianfeng, Huang Kangning, Zhang Xiaotian, Peng Peng, Li Jinghao, Qin Siyuan, Sun Heting, Chu Dong, Gao Yuwei, Li Yiliang, Hou Zhijun, Teng Liwei This standard was first issued. General principles for zoo terrestrial wildlife disease prevention and control technology1 ScopeThis standard specifies the general principles for the prevention and control of terrestrial wildlife diseases in zoos, monitoring, disinfection, immunization, deworming, prevention, isolation and inspection. Technical requirements for the prevention and control of epidemic diseases such as epidemic disease and treatment of diseased animals. This standard applies to the monitoring and control of terrestrial wildlife epidemic diseases in zoos.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are essential for the application of this document. For dated references, only the dated version applies to this article Pieces. For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document. GB/T 18448.1 Test methods for ectoparasites in laboratory animals GB/T 18635 Basic terms of animal epidemic prevention CJJ/T 240 Zoo Terminology Standard LY/T 2359 Technical Specification for Epidemic Disease Monitoring of Terrestrial Wildlife3 terms and definitionsGB/T 18635, CJJ/T 240, LY/T 2359 and the following terms and definitions apply to this document. 3.1 Zoo Places where wild animals are displayed and open to the public, including urban zoos, safari parks, specialized zoos, and tourist attractions Animal exhibition area, etc. 3.2 Health assessment Through a comprehensive analysis of the animal's mental condition, physical condition, appetite and other observations over a certain period of time, and the animal's food habits and habitat Environmental changes, breeding and illness, etc., and the results of animal health status. 3.3 Captive terrestrial animal Species or populations of animals raised in captivity with no change in biological characteristics, including mammals, Birds, reptiles and amphibians. 3.4 Stray animal Owned dogs, cats, and other animals scattered in major urban parks, communities, and urban-rural junctions.4 General4.1 The prevention and control of zoo's terrestrial wildlife epidemic should follow the principle of "prevention first, combination of prevention and control, and prevention over treatment". 4.2 The terrestrial wildlife epidemic source epidemic disease monitoring and control management system shall be formulated, and emergency terrestrial wildlife epidemic emergency plans shall be prepared. An emergency response reserve team composed of veterinary and other professional and technical personnel, and regularly organizes drills. 4.3 According to the species of terrestrial wild animals in captivity, the epidemic status and susceptibility of animal epidemics in the local and garden, etc. Seeding, deworming and other operating procedures. 4.4 The management of tourists should be standardized, and personal protection of relevant personnel such as breeders, veterinarians, etc. should be done to avoid cross infection of humans and animals. 4.5 Monitoring, disinfection, immunization, deworming, drug prevention, quarantine, treatment of diseased animals and disposal of dead animals should be established. 4.6 The zoo shall conduct environmental management and control of pests such as rats, mosquitoes and flies.5 Monitoring5.1 Daily monitoring 5.1.1 According to the species of captive terrestrial wildlife, the distribution of terrestrial wildlife and stray animals in the park and surrounding areas, The epidemic situation of animal diseases, the monitoring frequency, inspection routes and fixed observation points shall be determined. 5.1.2 The breeder should respond daily to the mental state, physical condition, appetite, behavior, excrement, and form of the captive terrestrial wild animals that are fed. Line observation. 5.1.3 Professional and technical personnel such as veterinarians should regularly inspect terrestrial wild animals and stray animals in and around the park in accordance with the established inspection routes and observation points Monitoring of areas with concentrated activities. 5.1.4 Health assessment of captive terrestrial wildlife should be conducted annually. 5.2 Special monitoring 5.2.1 Monitoring of terrestrial wildlife disease pathogens and monitoring of immune antibody levels against major animal diseases can be performed. Name of the zoo's key surveillance epidemic See Appendix A. 5.2.2 The terrestrial wildlife and stray animals in and around the park should be included in special monitoring, and swab samples and environmental samples should be collected regularly And blood samples for pathogenic and serological surveillance of major terrestrial wildlife diseases.6 Disinfection6.1 Feeding environment and visiting environment should be included in the disinfection scope. 6.2 The disinfectant should be selected with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue, and replaced regularly. See Appendix B for general chemical disinfection methods in zoos. 6.3 There should be no animal activity during disinfection. Animals should not be allowed in until the indoor space is disinfected and ventilated. The medicament and disinfection method used are determined. 6.4 When disinfecting the inner house, it should be cleaned, rinsed, and then sprayed with disinfectant evenly. Sprayers for walls, perches, and outbuildings Spray disinfection, or spray disinfectant directly, or flame spray disinfection. 6.5 There should be a disinfection tank or disinfection pad at the entrance and exit of the operation channel, and it should be kept moist. The disinfection tank or disinfection pad should be cleaned once a day and replaced in time. disinfectant. When the temperature is low, quicklime can be used instead of disinfectant. 6.6 Temporary disinfection should be carried out when. a) When infectious diseases occur, thoroughly disinfect the animal cages, rescue tools and surrounding environment, and the frequency and range of disinfection Determined according to the outbreak situation; b) New cages (cages) or long-term idle cages (cages) should be disinfected before use; c) Animals with parasitic diseases should be disinfected once after deworming; d) During the treatment of diseased animals, disinfect the treatment room once a day, and perform a comprehensive disinfection once the treatment is completed. Excreta, vomit Wait for centralized cleaning and harmless treatment; e) During artificial hatching, the hatching equipment and the surface of the eggs should be disinfected before hatching. 6.7 Domestic garbage should be collected and treated in a centralized manner. Pollutants and medical waste from breeding should be treated harmlessly.7 Immunization7.1 The formulation of immunization procedures should comprehensively consider the occurrence of animal diseases in the region and the requirements of relevant government departments, and focus on Immunization against diseases. --Bird animals. bird flu, Newcastle disease, pox; -Canines. rabies, canine distemper, canine parvovirus; --Felines. rabies, canine distemper, feline distemper; -Artiodactyl. Foot-and-mouth disease, Clostridium weedii. 7.2 Inoculated animals should meet the following conditions. a) The condition of the animal to be vaccinated should be healthy; b) Newborn infants should be vaccinated in time as required; c) Individuals affected by stress factors such as capture and transportation, diseased individuals and individuals during reproduction should postpone the vaccination time. 7.3 Vaccination should meet the following requirements. a) It should be carried out in accordance with the prescribed dosage and vaccination method, and vaccines with changed characteristics must not be used; b) if there is a need to change the dosage and vaccination method, there should be a reliable basis; c) The vaccine used for the first time should be tested in a small area to confirm that there is no abnormality before use in the whole group. 7.4 After vaccination, the animal's response should be observed. If adverse reactions occur, or if infectious disease is suspected, isolation and treatment should be taken immediately. emergency procedures. 7.5 In the event of an epidemic, emergency immunization may be implemented as needed and feasible. 7.6 For terrestrial wildlife during the quarantine period, the immunization situation should be investigated first. Those who are not immunized should be vaccinated one week after arriving at the quarantine site. Two weeks after the inoculation, it is determined that there is no abnormality before entering the park; for those who have been quarantined, the quarantine certificate should be checked, and those who meet the requirements can enter the park.8 Deworming8.1 Regular preventive deworming should be carried out once a year in spring and autumn. 8.2 The ectoparasite deworming should be combined with environmental management, pest control and disinfection. See GB/T for ectoparasite detection methods 18448.1. 8.3 Before ectoparasites are driven, the feces should be collected for parasite egg inspection. The sampling rate of group-raised animals should be the number of the population. 20% -30%, the focus of inspection of different types of animals is as follows. -Mammals from tropical and subtropical areas (south of the Yangtze River) should be checked for flukes; -Primates should be checked for tapeworms, tuberculosis, whipworms and protozoa; -Carnivores should check tapeworms, hookworms and tapeworms; -Poultry should be checked for coccidia, tapeworms, acnes and malaria parasites; -Herbivores should be checked for tapeworms, whipworms and flukes; -Reptiles should be checked for tapeworms. 8.4 Deworming should meet the following requirements. a) Calculate the dose according to the weight of the animal. b) The administration time should be arranged in the morning, and the animals should be closely observed after feeding; c) The deworming time should avoid the animal breeding period; d) Deworming work should be combined with disinfection work. Feces should be cleaned in time every day, and cages and places should be carried out after 3 days of administration. disinfection; e) When multiple parasitic infections occur, drugs with sensitive effects and low toxic and side effects should be used first. Deworming medicines should be changed regularly to avoid Develop drug resistance; f) For individuals who are positive for the parasite survey or have clinical symptoms of parasitic infection, antiparasites may be fed from time to time according to the situation Drugs for deworming. For frail individuals, deworming should be suspended. In special cases, if insect repellence is required, it can be given in small doses and multiple times; g) After completion of the deworming of infected animals, the eggs should be inspected to evaluate the deworming effect. 8.5 Animals in the quarantine period shall, after obtaining the consent of the inspection and quarantine agency, perform a fecal parasite egg inspection within one week of arriving at the quarantine site.9 prevention9.1 During the high incidence of animal diseases or terrestrial wildlife diseases in the park, susceptible animals should be given preventive drugs to prevent the disease Occur and spread. 9.2 Preventive medication should follow the principle of "alternate medication and regular replacement". Generally, conventional drugs are selected, and drug sensitivity tests should be performed before changing drugs. Test, choose drugs with high sensitivity. 9.3 Prophylactic dosages and usages should be based on dosages and methods recommended by the drug manufacturer. Increase the preventive dose to the epidemic Therapeutic dose. 9.4 When administered by feed or water, they should be mixed well. Through the feed administration, a stirring method of mixing step by step from small to large should be adopted; Care should be taken to allow the drug to fully dissolve when administered through drinking water. 10 Quarantine 10.1 Quarantine and quarantine of imported animals shall be carried out by entry-exit inspection and quarantine departments in accordance with regulations. 10.2 The quarantine of imported animals in China shall meet the following requirements. a) The quarantine should be carried out at the quarantine site. When it cannot be carried out at the quarantine site, it can be observed in situ isolation, but it should still be treated as a quarantine animal; b) Non-destructive inspections can be conducted on quarantine animals after they have adapted to the quarantine environment, and other project inspections can be implemented as needed; c) Animals during the quarantine period should be regarded as diseased individuals. Breeders and veterinarians should strengthen observation, and do protection and disinfection. Irrelevant personnel. Not approach d) Animals in the quarantine period should be treated when they are diagnosed with common diseases. Individuals who have recovered from treatment should be re-confirmed according to the disease Fixed isolation time. When a serious infectious disease is diagnosed, it shall be carried out in accordance with relevant national regulations; e) The isolation period for large and medium-sized animals is 45 days, and the isolation period for small animals is 30 days. 10.3 Animals whose quarantine period has expired shall be issued a quarantine certificate by the quarantine department or the competent veterinarian. 11 Disposal of diseased animals 11.1 Information on animals that are sick or suspected to have died should be reported in accordance with LY/T 2359. 11.2 Diseased animals shall be raised, treated separately, and isolated and disinfected. 11.3 Except for suspected severe infectious diseases such as anthrax, post-mortem examinations should be performed by veterinary personnel to determine the cause of death. 11.3.1 Preparation for post-mortem examination shall meet the following requirements. a) Except for large animals, no autopsy is allowed in the cage; b) During the transportation of animal carcasses, the dead carcasses should be covered and kept closed; c) Post-mortem personnel should take appropriate personal protective measures. 11.3.2 The autopsy process shall meet the following requirements. a) Basic data should be measured for necropsy; b) According to the opinion of veterinarians, biological samples can be collected for microbiological, pathological and toxicological tests, and the samples can be retained for future reference; c) The text records, images, inspection reports, etc. during animal anatomy should be entered into the animal medical file storage system. 11.4 Dead cages or treatment rooms should adopt corresponding biosafety measures according to the results of post-mortem examination. Its by-products should be properly stored or harmlessly disposed according to regulations. AAAppendix A(Informative appendix) List of key zoo surveillance diseases A.1 Type I blight (15 species) Foot and mouth disease Swine vesicular disease Classical swine fever African swine fever Nipah virus disease African horse sickness Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Lumpy skin disease Scratch Bluetongue Peste des petits ruminants Sheep pox and goat pox Highly pathogenic avian influenza Newcastle disease A.2 Type II blight (147 species) A.2.1 Multiple species diseases (28 species) Rabies Brucellosis Anthrax Aujeszky's disease (Pseudorabies) Clostridium perfringens infections Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) Toxoplasmosis Echinococcosis Leptospirosis Schmallenberg disease Piroplasmosis Japanese encephalitis Trichinosis Tularemia Vesicular stomatitis West Nile fever Rift Valley fever Tuberculosis New world screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) Old world screwworm (Chrysomya bezziana) Q Fever Q Fever Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever Trypanosoma Evansi infection (including Surra) Leishmaniasis Pasteurellosis Deer Epidemic Hemorrhagic Disease of Deer Heartwater Malioidosis A.2.2 Bovine diseases (8 species) Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis Malignant catarrhal fever Bovine leukemia Enzootic bovine leukosis Bovine anaplasmosis Bovine genital campylobacteriosis Bovine viral diarrhoea/Mucosal disease Akabane disease Cattle Hypodermosis A.2.3 Equine diseases (10 species) Equine infectious anaemia Equine epidemic lymphangitis Equine Glanders Equine viral arteritis Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis Equine encephalomyelitis (Eastern and Western) Contagious equine metritis Hendra virus disease Equine strangles Equine ulcerative lymphangitis A.2.4 Swine diseases (13 species) Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome Porcine parvovirus infection Swine erysipelas Swine streptococosis Atrophic rhinitis of swine Mycoplasma hyopneumonia Porcine circovirus infection Glaesser's disease (Haemophilus parasuis) Swine influenza Transmissible gastroenteritis of swine Porcine Teshichovirus Encephalomyelitis (formerly known as Porcine Enterovirus Encephalomyelitis, Jeschen, or Tarfan Disease) encephalomyelitis (previously Enterovirus encephalomyelitis or Teschen/T alfan disease) Swine dysentery Infectious pleuropneumonia of swine A.2.5 Avian diseases (20 species) Duck virus enteritis Avian infectious laryngotracheitis Avian infectious bronchitis Infectious bursal disease Marek's disease Avian egg drop syndrome Avian leukosis Fowl pox Duck virus hepatitis Goose parvovirus infection Chicken white pudding Pullorum disease Fowl typhoid Avian mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synovialis), Avian mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma G...... |
