WS/T 578.1-2017 PDF in English
WS/T 578.1-2017 (WS/T578.1-2017, WST 578.1-2017, WST578.1-2017)
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Chinese dietary reference intakes - Part 1: Macronutrient
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Standards related to (historical): WS/T 578.1-2017
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WS/T 578.1-2017: PDF in English (WST 578.1-2017) WS/T 578.1-2017
WS
HYGIENIC INDUSTRY STANDARD OF
THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 11.020
C 55
Chinese dietary reference intakes - Part 1:
Macronutrient
ISSUED ON: SEPTEMBER 14, 2017
IMPLEMENTED ON: APRIL 01, 2018
Issued by: National Health and Family Planning Commission of PRC
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions ... 4
4 Reference intake of energy and macronutrients ... 9
5 Relevant requirements for reference intake of macronutrients ... 10
Appendix A (Informative) Conversion of energy unit and conversion coefficient
of productivity nutrient ... 14
Appendix B (Informative) Grading of physical activity level of each population
... 15
Chinese dietary reference intakes - Part 1:
Macronutrient
1 Scope
This part stipulates the reference intake of Chinese dietary energy, protein,
energy, protein, lipids and carbohydrates.
This part applies to the dietary intake evaluation and dietary guidance, of
healthy people or individuals among Chinese residents.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated reference documents, only the dated version applies to this document.
For undated reference documents, the latest version (including all amendments)
is applicable to this document.
WS/T 476 Terminology of nutrition
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions as defined in WS/T 476, as well as the following terms
and definitions, apply to this document.
For ease of use, some terms and definitions in WS/T 476 are repeated below.
3.1
Dietary reference intakes; DRIs
A set of reference values, which are used to evaluate whether the dietary
nutrient supply can meet human needs, whether there is a risk of excessive
intake, help prevent certain chronic non-communicable diseases, including:
estimated average requirement, recommended nutrient intake, adequate
intake, tolerable maximum intake, recommended nutrient intake, acceptable
macronutrient distribution range.
[WS/T 476-2015, definition 5.3.1]
3.1.1
as protein, fat, carbohydrates, in the diet, expressed in kilojoules (kJ) or
joules (J) (see Appendix A).
3.3.1
Energy requirement
Estimated energy requirement; EER
The energy, which is required for the body's total energy consumption. That
is, the energy consumed by basic metabolism, physical activity, food thermal
effects, etc., as well as the energy required for growth and development
during childhood, nutritional reserves during pregnancy, lactation during
lactation period.
[WS/T476-2015, definition 3.1.16]
3.3.2
Total energy expenditure; TEE
The total energy, which is consumed in 24 hours, including the energy
consumed by basal metabolism, physical activity, food thermal effects,
growth and development, pregnancy nutrition reserves, lactation of pregnant
women.
[WS/T 476-2015, definition 3.1.12]
3.3.3
Basal energy expenditure; BEE
The energy consumed by the basic metabolism, that is, the energy
consumption, which is required for the relaxation of the muscles of the whole
body, without any physical activity or nervous thinking activity. At this time,
energy consumption is only used to maintain the most basic life activity
states, such as body temperature, heartbeat, respiration, various organ
tissues and cell functions.
3.3.4
Physical activity level; PAL
The ratio of total energy expenditure (TEE) to basal energy expenditure
(BEE), which is used to express the intensity of physical activity. See formula
(1) for calculation:
[WS/T 476-2015, definition 3.3.1.5]
3.5.3
Monounsaturated fatty acid; MUFA
A fatty acid, which has one double bond in the carbon chain, such as oleic
acid (C18:1), palmitoleic acid (C16:1).
[WS/T 476-2015, definition 3.3.1.7]
3.5.4
Polyunsaturated fatty acid; PUFA
Fatty acids, which have two or more double bonds in the carbon chain, such
as linoleic acid (C18: 2), linolenic acid (C18: 3), arachidonic acid (C20:4).
[WS/T 476-2015, definition 3.3.1.8]
3.5.5
Essential fatty acid; EFA
Fatty acids, which are necessary for the human body, cannot be synthesized
by itself, but are obtained from food. It includes linoleic acid (C18: 2) and α-
linolenic acid (C18:3).
[WS/T 476-2015, definition 3.3.1.12]
3.5.6
n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid; n-6 PUFA
Polyunsaturated fatty acids, whose first double bond is located between the
6th and 7th carbon atoms, from the methyl end, including linoleic acid (LA,
C18:2) and arachidonic acid (ARA, C20:4).
3.5.7
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid; n-3 PUFA
Polyunsaturated fatty acids, whose first double bond is located between the
3rd and 4th carbons, from the methyl end, including α-linolneic acid (ALA,
C18:3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5), docosapenteonoic acid (DPA,
C22:5), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6).
3.6
Carbohydrate
The general term for sugars, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, which are
important nutrients that provide energy.
[WS/T 476-2015, definition 3.4]
3.6.1
Sugar
All monosaccharides and disaccharides, such as glucose, sucrose and so
on.
[WS/T 476-2015, definition 3.4.1]
3.6.2
Dietary fiber
Carbohydrates, which are contained in plant foods, cannot be digested and
absorbed by the human small intestine, have health significance to the
human body. It includes cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, inulin, etc., as well
as other ingredients such as lignin.
[WS/T 476-2015, definition 3.4.19]
4 Reference intake of energy and macronutrients
4.1 Chinese dietary energy requirements
The dietary energy requirements of Chinese residents at different genders,
ages, physical conditions and physical activity levels are as shown in Table 1.
4.2 Reference intake of Chinese dietary protein
The reference intakes of Chinese dietary protein, at different genders, ages and
physiological conditions, are as shown in Table 2.
4.3 Reference intake of Chinese dietary fat and fatty acids
For the reference intakes and acceptable ranges of Chinese dietary fats and
fatty acids, at different ages and physiological conditions, refer to Table 3.
4.4 Reference intake of Chinese dietary carbohydrates
For the reference intake and acceptable range of Chinese dietary
carbohydrates, at different ages and physical conditions, refer to Table 4.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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