SB/T 10345.2-2012 PDF English (SB/T 10345.2-2001: Older version)
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Refrigerating systems and heat pumps. Safety and environmental requirements. Part 2: Design, construction, testing, marking and documentation
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SB/T 10345.2-2012: PDF in English (SBT 10345.2-2012) SB/T 10345.2-2012
SB
DOMESTIC TRADE INDUSTRY STANDARD
OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 27.080; 27.200
J 73
Filing No.: 37192-2012
Replacing SB/T 10345.2-2001
Refrigerating systems and heat pumps -
Safety and environmental requirements - Part 2:
Design, construction, testing, marking and
documentation
ISSUED ON: AUGUST 01, 2012
IMPLEMENTED ON: NOVEMBER 01, 2012
Issued by: Ministry of Commerce of PRC
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 6
3 Terms, definitions, naming, classification and abbreviations of refrigerants .. 6
4 Major hazards ... 6
5 Safety requirements and measures ... 7
6 Requirements for assembly ... 13
Appendix A (Normative) Additional requirements for R717 refrigeration systems
and heat pumps ... 50
Appendix B (Normative) Determination of assembly type ... 52
Appendix C (Normative) Requirements for intrinsic safety test ... 57
Appendix D (Informative) Installation examples of pressure relief devices in
refrigeration systems ... 60
Appendix E (Informative) Checklist for device appearance inspection ... 64
References ... 66
Refrigerating systems and heat pumps -
Safety and environmental requirements - Part 2:
Design, construction, testing, marking and
documentation
1 Scope
This part applies to the design and manufacture of refrigeration systems
including piping, components, materials and auxiliary equipment directly
connected to the system; specifies the requirements for testing, operation,
marking and documentation of the refrigeration system. For heat transfer fluids
that are not gaseous under atmospheric pressure, the requirements for the heat
transfer fluid circuit do not belong to the scope of this part, but this part still
applies to any safety devices related to the refrigeration system. This part does
not apply to refrigeration systems using air or water as refrigerants, nor does it
include requirements for refrigeration equipment used in potentially explosive
atmospheres.
The auxiliary equipment of the refrigeration system includes:
- Fan and fan motor;
- Motor and transmission mechanism of open compressor.
This part specifies the requirements related to fixed and mobile refrigeration
systems (including heat pumps) of various sizes.
This part is not applicable to systems using refrigerants not listed in Appendix
D of Part One of this standard, as long as the safety groups of these refrigerants
have not been determined.
The basic safety requirements for refrigeration systems in Part 1 of this
standard are also applicable in this part.
Part 3 of this standard also applies to the basic requirements of the installation
site.
This part does not apply to refrigeration systems and heat pumps manufactured
before the date of publication of this standard.
supply failures, control loop failures, takeover errors, etc.
5 Safety requirements and measures
5.1 General safety and environmental requirements
5.1.1 Overview
Safety and environmental requirements are given in 5.2 and clause 6 of this
part.
5.1.2 Hazard to people, property and environment
The design and construction of the refrigeration system and its components
shall strive to eliminate possible hazards to people, property and the
environment. The method of intentionally discharging refrigerant shall not cause
harm to persons, property and the environment and shall comply with relevant
laws and regulations.
5.2 Safety requirements for components and piping
5.2.1 General requirements
Components and piping shall comply with relevant standards.
5.2.2 Special requirements
5.2.2.1 Overview
In addition to the requirements of clause 5.2.1, the special components and
piping of the refrigeration system shall meet the following requirements.
5.2.2.2 Tightness
If the test method is not given in the standard of the component, the test method
applicable to the component and refrigerant shall be adopted to ensure its
tightness, see clause 6.3.4 for details.
If necessary, some or all tests of the components may be carried out, see 6.3.
The tightness test shall be carried out after the components have passed the
pressure resistance test or type test verification.
5.2.2.3 Piping joints
Piping joints must not be damaged by external freezing. They shall be suitable
for pipes, piping materials, pressure, temperature and fluid.
b) Steel, cast steel, carbon steel and low alloy steel
Steel, cast steel, carbon steel and low-alloy steel can be used for
components containing refrigerants, as well as heat transfer medium
circuits. Where low temperature and high pressure occur at the same time,
or where there is a risk of corrosion and/or thermal stress, steel with
appropriate impact strength shall be used, but attention shall be paid to its
thickness, minimum working temperature, fusion welding characteristics.
c) High alloy steel
Where low temperature and high pressure occur simultaneously, or where
there is a risk of corrosion and/or thermal stress, high-alloy steel may be
required. If necessary, the impact strength shall be adapted to the special
load, meanwhile the material shall be suitable for fusion welding.
d) Stainless steel
When using stainless steel, care shall be taken to ensure that the grade of
stainless steel is compatible with the fluid used and the impurities (such as
NaCl, H2SO4) that may exist in the environment.
5.3.1.3 Non-ferrous materials and their alloys (cast, forged, rolled, drawn)
The material of the components shall be suitable for the specified temperature
and pressure range; they can only be used with compatible refrigerants.
a) Copper and copper alloys
The copper in contact with the refrigerant shall be oxygen-free copper or
non-oxidized copper.
Copper and alloys with a high copper content shall not be used for parts
containing R717, unless their compatibility has been confirmed by tests or
experience.
b) Aluminum and aluminum alloy
The aluminum used in the gasket in the R717 system must not be less
than 99.5% pure. Aluminum alloys with a magnesium content of more than
2% shall not be used in halogenated refrigerants, unless their compatibility
has been confirmed by tests or experience.
Aluminum and aluminum alloys must not be used in contact with R40
(CH3Cl).
Note: As long as the strength of aluminum and aluminum alloy is appropriate and
compatible with the refrigerant and lubricating oil used, they can be used in any
- Pressure for test cycle: High pressure value shall not be less than 0.7 x
PS; low pressure value shall not be greater than 0.2 x PS. For the water
heat exchanger in the heat pump, the high pressure value shall be 0.9 x
PS.
- The test pressure of the last cycle shall be increased to 1.4 x PS (2 times
0.7 x PS); for the water heat exchanger in the heat pump, it shall be 1.8
x PS (2 times 0.9 x PS).
During the test, the components shall not crack, burst or leak.
Take 3 test pieces (not used for fatigue test) for pressure resistance test
with test pressure of 2 x PS. During the test, the components shall not
crack, burst or leak.
5.3.3 Marking
Various parts do not require special marking.
5.3.4 Document preparation
The following files of the component shall be provided:
a) Test results;
b) According to the requirements of 5.3.1, test certificates of materials shall
be provided, to ensure that the materials used are consistent with the
required specifications;
c) Any required certificates shall be signed by qualified personnel in charge
of inspection, testing and verification and be prepared by appointed
representatives;
d) The prepared document shall include the following contents:
- Maximum allowable pressure;
- Maximum allowable temperature;
- The refrigerant used;
- The oil used.
6 Requirements for assembly
6.1 Overview
The design, construction, testing, installation, documentation and marking of
refrigeration system assemblies shall meet the requirements of this clause.
The refrigeration system assembly using R 717 refrigerant shall also meet other
requirements specified in Appendix A.
The category of the assembly shall be determined in accordance with Appendix
B.
The refrigeration system shall be charged with refrigerant in the manufacturing
plant or at the installation site according to the method introduced by the
manufacturer (see 6.4.3.2).
Materials for construction, fusion welding and brazing shall be suitable to
withstand predictable mechanical stress, thermal stress and chemical stress.
They shall be compatible with refrigerants, refrigerant/oil mixtures that may
contain impurities and contaminants, heat transfer media.
6.2 Design and construction
6.2.1 Overview
All components of the refrigerant circuit assembly shall meet the requirements
of clause 5.
6.2.2 Determination of the maximum allowable pressure
6.2.2.1 Maximum allowable pressure (PS)
The determination of the maximum allowable pressure shall consider the
following factors:
a) The highest ambient temperature;
b) The possibility of presence of non-condensable gas;
c) The setting of any pressure relief device;
d) Defrosting method;
e) Purpose (such as cooling or heating);
f) Solar radiation (such as the impact on the ice rink during the outage period);
g) Dirt.
The designer shall determine the maximum allowable pressure in the various
components of the refrigeration system based on the ambient temperature at
the installation site.
6.2.3.3 Requirements for on-site installation of pipelines
6.2.3.3.1 Overview
The piping layout shall consider the position of each pipe, the flow state of the
fluid in the pipe (two-phase flow, partial load oil supply operation), condensation
process, thermal expansion, vibration and inspection channels.
Note: The direction and support of the pipeline have an important influence on the
operational reliability and applicability of the refrigeration system.
It is generally required that the installation of the pipeline shall avoid any normal
activities to damage the pipeline.
For the sake of safety and environmental protection, the installation of pipelines
shall pay attention to the following items:
a) There shall be no danger to personnel, the evacuation channel shall be
unobstructed, the access channel shall not be blocked. Valves and
detachable joints shall not be located in areas leading to public places
using refrigerants of groups A2, B1, B2, A3, B3. The pipelines of other
refrigerants shall be protected to prevent unintentional operation and
disconnection.
b) The pipeline shall be separated from the high temperature pipeline and
heat source by means of heat insulation.
c) Only after the pipes are connected by brazing, fusion welding or
mechanical methods, can the valve be opened to allow the refrigerant to
flow between the components of the refrigeration system (such as a split
system). A valve shall be provided to isolate the interconnecting pipe
and/or any refrigeration system components that are not filled with
refrigerant.
d) The refrigerant pipeline shall be protected or sealed to avoid damage.
e) Flexible refrigerant connectors such as the connecting pipeline between
the indoor unit and the outdoor unit shall be protected to avoid mechanical
damage.
6.2.3.3.2 Special requirements for installation of equipment piping using
groups A2, A3, B2, or B3 refrigerant
The refrigeration system's piping parts that need to be brazed or welded on site
shall not be equipped with A2, A3, B2 or B3 groups of refrigerants during
transportation.
During the installation of the refrigeration system, the connection between
Note: It should evaluate the vibration or impulse of the system under the highest
condensing temperature and the system startup and shutdown conditions (the
pipeline is most affected by the worst).
b) Protective devices, pipelines and accessories shall be protected as much
as possible to avoid adverse effects on the environment. The adverse
effects on the environment shall be considered, such as the accumulation
of water and freezing in the discharge pipe, or the accumulation of dirt and
debris.
c) Preventive measures shall be taken for the expansion and contraction of
long pipelines.
d) The design and installation of piping in the refrigeration system shall
ensure that the system is not damaged when liquid hammer (hydraulic
shock) occurs.
e) Steel pipes and components shall be coated with anti-corrosion layer
before laying the thermal-insulation layer; the adhesive used for laying the
thermal-insulation layer must not react with the anti-rust coating used or
dissolve the anti-rust coating.
f) The flexible pipe components shall be protected from mechanical damage,
excessive stress caused by torque or other forces.
6.2.3.3.5 Air duct or pipeline in shaft
When refrigerant pipes and pipes for other purposes are co-located in the same
air duct, precautions shall be taken to avoid damage caused by their interaction.
No refrigerant pipes shall be installed in the ventilation pipes or air-conditioning
ducts which are also used as evacuation ducts.
The pipeline shall not be located in the lifting shaft.
6.2.3.3.6 Pipe location
Sufficient space shall be provided where the pipe needs to be insulated.
Prevent possible accidental damage to the pipes located in the equipment room
or enclosure structure.
Pipes with detachable joints and without disconnection protection shall not be
located in public corridors, vestibules, stairwells, stair platforms, entrances and
exits, nor shall they be located in any ducts or shafts connecting unprotected
openings to the above positions.
Pipes that have no detachable joints, valves or control devices and can prevent
Where there is a danger of refrigerant discharge (such as an oil discharge
point), a self-closing valve shall be installed on the discharge pipeline.
A self-closing valve shall be installed on the pipeline for the discharge of
oil accumulated in the refrigeration system (such as discharged from the
oil separator, the liquid reservoir). A shut-off valve with a vertical spindle
shall be installed in front of the self-closing valve, or a valve that combines
the functions of the two shall be installed.
b) Transfer of oil and refrigerant
In order to use the compressor or external evacuation device in the
system (excluding the closed system) to transfer the refrigerant and oil in
the system to the liquid collector inside or outside the system, the
refrigeration system shall have the necessary cut-off devices or connect
the supporting equipment.
The discharge valve shall be installed so that the refrigerant can be easily
removed from the system, meanwhile no refrigerant is lost to the
atmosphere.
c) Flange blocking plate
Pipes not used during normal operation shall be equipped with permanent
or removable flange plugs or similar plugs.
6.2.4 Cut-off device
6.2.4.1 Isolation valve
The refrigeration system shall be equipped with a sufficient number of isolation
valves, to minimize danger and refrigerant loss during overhaul and
maintenance.
6.2.4.2 Manual valve
Manual valves required under basic operating conditions shall be equipped with
a manual wheel or operating handle.
6.2.4.3 Replacement of sealed tube packaging/sealing packing
If it is impossible to tighten or replace the sealing tube packaging/seal packing
and the valve is under system pressure, it shall be possible to isolate the valve
from the system; or provide other methods to extract the refrigerant from the
part of the refrigeration system where the valve is located.
6.2.4.4 Installation of cut-off device
6.2.6.4 Isolation of pressure relief devices
Except as described in 6.2.6.6, no isolation valve shall be installed on the inlet
and outlet pipelines of the pressure relief device.
6.2.6.5 Indication device of pressure relief device
For systems with refrigerant filling quantity equal to or greater than 300 kg, an
indicator device shall be provided to determine whether the safety valve has
been discharged to the atmosphere during maintenance. Examples of
indicating devices are as follows:
- Oil-filled U-shaped elbow;
- The maximum value indicating pressure gauge placed between the safety
valve and the bursting disc;
- The monitoring and pressure alarm (pressure limiter) in the installation
space upstream of the bursting disc. The actual relief pressure of the
certified pressure limiter in the monitoring space shall be set to less than or
equal to 0.05 MPa;
- The gas sensor in the discharge pipe, or
- A safety valve with a soft seal; when the pressure reaches 0.2 MPa lower
than the actual release pressure of the safety valve, the pressure of the
protected part is monitored and an alarm is issued at the personnel on duty.
6.2.6.6 Installation of pressure relief devices in the refrigeration system
The pressure relief device shall be installed on or close to the pressure vessel
or other parts of the refrigeration system to be protected. Except for devices
that prevent the expansion of refrigerant liquid, pressure relief devices shall be
easy to approach and shall be connected above the liquid level.
It is permitted to use a lock valve protected by a sleeve, cap or shackle between
the compressor and its pressure relief device.
When an externally installed single pressure relief device is used to discharge
the refrigerant to the low pressure side of the refrigeration system, measures
shall be taken to ensure that a large amount of refrigerant is not lost when the
device is removed. For systems with a refrigerant charge greater than 100 kg,
a lock valve shall be installed before and after the overflow valve. The lock valve
shall be protected by a sleeve, cap or shackle and sealed with a lead seal, to
prevent unauthorized adjustment. The lead seal shall be clearly marked with
the identification of the competent person. The overflow pipe of the overflow
valve is connected preferentially to the gas phase and shall be connected to
the low pressure side of the system through the shortest path (such as the gas
the safety valve and obstruct the flow of refrigerant.
d) Discharge pipeline of the pressure relief device
- Overview
The discharge of self-relief devices shall not cause the discharged
refrigerant to cause harm to persons and property.
Note 2: The refrigerant can be diffused into the air through appropriate methods,
but it must be far away from any air intake of the building, or the refrigerant shall
be discharged into a sufficient amount of suitable absorbent material.
- Prevent adverse effects on the environment
The adverse effects on the environment shall be considered, such as the
danger of accumulation of water and freezing in the discharge pipe, or
the accumulation of dirt and debris.
- Calculation
The discharge pipeline of the pressure relief device shall be calculated
according to relevant standards.
- Connection with discharge devices
The connection of the discharge pipe and the discharge device shall be
able to carry out a separate sealing test for each discharge device.
6.2.6.7 Installation of safety switch for pressure limiting
a) Overview
Except for the following two cases, no shut-off valve shall be installed
between the pressure limiting safety switch and the pressure component.
- Equipped with a second pressure limiting safety switch of the same type,
the shut-off valve is a switching valve; or
- The system is equipped with a safety valve or rupture disc.
See Appendix D for practical installation examples of safety devices.
The pressure-limiting safety switch installed on the high-pressure side
shall prevent possible pulsation. For this purpose, suitable manufacturing
methods, attenuation devices, or shortening of connecting pipes can be
used. See 6.2.3.4.1.
Note 1: The certified safety pressure cut-off device, the certified pressure cut-off
- The pressure of the secondary circuit is always greater than the pressure
of the main circuit in the contact area.
It shall be protected against freezing according to the principles given in 6.2.6.2.
6.2.7 Indication and measuring instrument (monitoring)
6.2.7.1 Overview
The indication and measuring instruments necessary for the test, operation and
operation of the refrigeration system shall be installed in accordance with this
standard.
The "monitoring device" described in the following clauses is not a protection
device.
6.2.7.2 Refrigerant pressure indicator and its installation
6.2.7.2.1 Overview
When the refrigerant charge of the refrigeration system is greater than the
following quantity, a pressure indicator shall be installed on each pressure side
or pressure level of the system:
- 100 kg of group A1 refrigerant;
- 25 kg of groups A2, B1, or B2 refrigerant;
- 2.5 kg of groups A3 or B3 refrigerant.
For systems containing more than 10.0 kg of group A1 refrigerant, more than
2.5 kg of groups A2, B1 or B2 refrigerant, or 1.0 kg of groups A3 or B3 refrigerant,
a connecting pipe equipped with an optional permanent pressure indicator shall
be provided.
6.2.7.2.2 Pressure vessel
For pressure vessels with a net internal volume equal to or greater than 100 L
and equipped with a shut-off device at the inlet and outlet, which may contain
liquid refrigerant, a pressure indicator's connecting pipe shall be provided.
6.2.7.2.3 Components containing refrigerant to be cleaned or defrosted
A pressure indicator shall be installed for components containing refrigerant that
are in a warm state and that are cleaned or defrosted under manual operation.
6.2.7.3 Liquid level indicator
6.2.7.3.1 Refrigerant liquid reservoir
- During transportation, the pressure in the components protected by the
pressure relief device shall not exceed 0.9 times the set value of the
pressure relief device;
- Assuming that the system may encounter the highest transportation
temperature during the 12-hour period, pressure calculation or pressure
test shall be carried out;
- 55 °C shall be used as the maximum transportation temperature under
normal transportation conditions;
- 70 °C shall be used as the highest transportation temperature under
transportation conditions in tropical areas;
- However, if the design of the equipment does not allow the equipment to
be transported under certain temperature conditions, it shall be clearly
marked on the equipment packaging.
6.2.13 Prevention of explosion hazard
The refrigerant system shall be manufactured so that any leaking refrigerant
will not flow or stagnate in the system area where the electrical components are
located, causing fire or explosion hazards. These electrical components can
work normally under normal conditions or when the refrigerant leaks, but they
may be the ignition source themselves.
Individual electrical components such as temperature regulating devices filled
with less than 0.5 g of combustible gas will not cause flame or explosion hazard
in the components when the gas leaks.
Note: This standard does not include requirements related to the use of equipment in
potentially explosive ambient air. The requirements for the use of equipment in
potentially explosive ambient air are given in relevant standards.
6.2.14 Requirements for ventilated enclosure
If the refrigeration circuit is separated by a ventilated enclosure from a manned
area (see clause 3.2.3 of part 1 and Appendix D of this standard), the enclosure
used shall have a ventilation system that discharges the air in the enclosure to
outside the manned area through a ventilation pipe.
The manufacturer shall specify the size of the ventilation pipe and the quantity
of elbows. The measured negative pressure inside the enclosure shall not be
less than 20 Pa. The flow rate of the discharged air shall be at least Qmin. There
shall be no ignition source inside the vent pipe.
Qmin = 15 x s x (mc/ρ) (the minimum value is 2 m3/h) …………… (1)
impact of transmission to an acceptable level.
The A sound pressure level noise at the operator’s position shall be measured
in accordance with relevant standards; the system shall operate at full load
during the noise measurement process.
6.3 Test
6.3.1 Test types
The manufacturer or installation company shall conduct the following tests for
each refrigeration system, all components or the overall refrigeration system
put into operation:
a) The pressure resistance test as described in 6.3.3;
b) The sealing test as described in 6.3.4;
c) Function test of safety switch for pressure limiting;
d) The overall device confirmation acceptance test described in 6.3.5.
It shall be easy to check the joints during the above tests a), b). After the end
of the pressure test and the sealing test, the functional test of all electrical safety
circuits shall be carried out before the system is started for the first time.
6.3.2 Test results
All test results shall be recorded.
6.3.3 Pressure resistance test
The components shall be subjected to a pressure resistance test according to
the product standard or the content described in 5.3.2.2.
If all components, piping and joints have been pre-tested or type tested in
accordance with clause 5, the complete assembly only needs to be tested for
tightness in accordance with 6.3.4.
If the components have not been tested or type tested in advance, the
assemblies of these components shall be tested in accordance with the
requirements of clause 6. The test pressure is related to the maximum allowable
pressure (PS) of the system.
If the piping and pipe joints have not been tested in advance, the test of the
piping and pipe joints that have not been pre-tested shall meet the following
requirements:
- For piping and pipe joints of category II or higher (see Appendix B), one of
factory or on-site sealing tests in accordance with this clause. If necessary, a
staged sealing test shall be carried out during the completion of the system.
According to the manufacturing situation, some technologies need to be used
for leak testing, such as inert gas pressure technology and radioactive gas
tracking technology. In order to avoid the release of any dangerous substances,
inert gas such as nitrogen, ammonia or carbon dioxide can be used for sealing
test. For safety reasons, do not use oxygen, acetylene or hydrocarbons. As
some mixtures are dangerous, mixtures of air and gas shall be avoided.
Preliminary leak test can be carried out by vacuum method. The manufacturer
shall formulate applicable standards for the vacuum method to meet the
requirements of the refrigeration system.
6.3.4.2 Method of sealing test
The manufacturer shall use test methods to achieve the purpose equivalent to
the following requirements.
If the test is performed under 1 x PS pressure, the sealing test of the joint shall
use a testing equipment or method that......
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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