JGJ 276-2012 PDF in English
JGJ 276-2012 (JGJ276-2012) PDF English
| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivered in | Name of Chinese Standard | Status |
| JGJ 276-2012 | English | 1520 |
Add to Cart
|
0-9 seconds. Auto-delivery.
|
Technical code for safety of lifting in construction
| Valid |
Standards related to (historical): JGJ 276-2012
PDF Preview
JGJ 276-2012: PDF in English JGJ 276-2012
UDC JGJ
INDUSTRY STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Record No.: J 1354-2012
Technical Code for Safety of Lifting in Construction
ISSUED ON: JANUARY 11, 2012
IMPLEMENTED ON: JUNE 1, 2012
Issued by: Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s
Republic of China
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 4
1 General Provisions ... 7
2 Terms and Symbols ... 8
2.1 Terms ... 8
2.2 Symbols ... 9
3 Basic Requirements ... 11
4 Hoisting Machinery and Rigging Equipment ... 14
4.1 Hoisting machinery ... 14
4.2 Rope ... 16
4.3 Sling ... 17
4.4 Hoisting and lifting equipment ... 19
4.5 Anchor ... 25
5 Lifting of Concrete Structure ... 28
5.1 General Requirements ... 28
5.2 Lifting of Single-Factory Building ... 30
5.3 Hoisting of Multi-Layer Frame Structure ... 32
5.4 Lifting of Wallboard Structure ... 33
6 Lifting of Steel Structure ... 35
6.1 General Requirements ... 35
6.2 Lifting of Steel Structure Plant... 35
6.3 Lifting of High-Rise Steel Structure ... 36
6.4 Lifting of Light Steel Structure and Portal-Rigid Frame ... 37
7 Installing of Net Rack ... 38
7.1 General Requirements ... 38
7.2 Installing with High Bulk Method ... 39
7.3 Installing with Subsection and Block ... 40
7.4 Installing with Aerial Sliding Method ... 40
7.5 Whole Hanging Method ... 41
7.6 Installing with Whole Hanging and Lift-Up Method ... 42
Appendix A Selection Rules of Sling Tension ... 44
Appendix B Calculation of Horizontal Hanging Beam ... 46
Appendix C Allowable Load of Pulley and Force-Saving Coefficient of Pulley Block
... 49
Appendix D Structure Parameters of Anchor and Stress Calculation ... 51
Explanation of Wording in This Code ... 66
List of Quoted Standards ... 67
Technical Code for Safety of Lifting in Construction
1 General Provisions
1.0.1 This Code is formulated in order to implement the safety production policy and ensure
the safety of crane lifting operations in architecture engineering.
1.0.2 This Code applies to crane lifting operations in construction of architecture engineering.
1.0.3 The crane lifting operations during construction of architecture engineering shall not only
comply with this Code, but also comply with the relevant current national standards.
3 Basic Requirements
3.0.1 Before crane lifting operations, a special construction plan for the lifting operations
must be prepared, and safety technical measures must be explained; during the operation,
no changes may be made without the approval of the technical person in charge.
3.0.2 Special operation personnels such as crane operators, lifting signal workers, and rigging
workers must hold special operation qualification certificates to work. Non-crane drivers are
strictly prohibited from driving or operating cranes.
3.0.3 Before crane lifting operations, the used machinery, pulleys, hoist auxiliaries and ground
anchors shall be inspected and must meet safety requirements.
3.0.4 Lifting personnels must wear non-slip shoes and safety helmets, and safety belts shall be
worn when working at heights. They shall be fastened reliably and can be low-hanging.
3.0.5 The access road for lifting equipment shall be smooth and the bearing capacity shall meet
the equipment access requirements. Obvious signs shall be set up around the lifting operation
area; and non-operators are strictly prohibited from entering. It is not suitable to work at night.
When it is necessary to work at night, there shall be sufficient lighting.
3.0.6 The upper end of the climbing ladder shall be fixed, the hanging basket and temporary
workbench used at high altitude shall be firmly fixed; and a protective railing of no less than
1.2m shall be installed. The scaffolding boards of the hanging basket and workbench shall be
flat and fastened; and probe boards are strictly prohibited. When lifting the operating platform,
it is strictly prohibited to allow people to stand on the platform. When the components are
hoisted, all personnel are not allowed to stand under the hoisted objects and shall maintain a
certain safe distance.
3.0.7 The specifications of slings, snap rings, rope buckles, etc. used for tightening shall be
determined based on calculations. Before hoisting, the crane steel rope, connecting parts and
hoist auxiliaries shall be inspected.
3.0.8 When hoisting roof trusses and beams at high altitude and using oblique hanging to tighten
lifting columns, anti-sway ropes shall be tightened at both ends of the components; and the
operator shall control the balance and stability of the components.
3.0.9 The lifting points of components shall comply with design provisions. For special-shaped
components or when there are no design provisions, calculations shall be made to ensure that
the components are hoisted smoothly.
3.0.10 The materials of bolts, steel wedges, wooden wedges, steel pads and skids used for
installation shall meet with the design requirements and relevant provisions of current national
standards.
3.0.11 When hoisting large or heavy components or using new lifting techniques, a test lifting
shall be carried out first; and only after confirming that there are no problems can the lifting be
officially carried out.
3.0.12 Lifting operations shall be stopped in bad weather such as heavy rain, fog, heavy snow,
and strong breeze and above. When carrying out lifting operations after rain or snow, the ice
and snow shall be cleared away in time and anti-slip and anti-leakage measures shall be taken.
Test lifting first and confirm that the brakes are sensitive and reliable before proceeding with
the operation.
3.0.13 The hoisted components shall be ensured to be directly under the top of the crane boom.
It is strictly prohibited to use diagonal pulling or diagonal lifting. It is strictly prohibited to lift
components buried in the ground or bonded to the ground.
3.0.14 When the crane operates close to or travels under overhead transmission lines, the safety
distance from the overhead transmission lines shall comply with the current industry standard
JGJ 46 Technical Specification for Temporary Electrical Safety of Construction Sites and other
relevant standards.
3.0.15 When dual-machine lifting is used, cranes of the same type or with similar performance
should be selected. The load distribution shall be reasonable; and the load of a single machine
shall not exceed 80% of the rated lifting capacity. The two machines shall work in coordination,
and the hoisting speed shall be smooth and slow.
3.0.16 During the hoisting process, before the crane travels, rotates, tilts the boom, lifts and
lowers the hook, etc., the crane driver shall sound the signal. It should perform only one action
at a time; and wait until the previous action is completed before proceeding to the next action.
3.0.17 When starting to hoist, the component shall be lifted 200mm~300mm above the ground
and then paused to check the stability of the crane, the reliability of the braking device, the
balance of the component and the firmness of the tightening, etc.; and only after confirming
that everything is correct, can hoisting be continued. The lifted components must not remain in
the air for a long time. It is strictly prohibited to overload and lift heavy components and
equipment with unknown weight.
3.0.18 It is strictly prohibited to walk or stand on the lifted components; do not use cranes to
carry people; and do not stack or hang scattered objects on the components. It is strictly
prohibited to work or walk under the lifted components or within the rotation range of the crane
arm. When hoisting, the speed shall be constant and no sudden braking is allowed. The
movement shall be smooth during rotation, and no reverse movement shall be made before the
rotation fails to stop stably.
3.0.19 When operations are suspended, temporary holding or fixation measures must be
taken for the parts of the lifting operation that have not formed a stable system.
4 Hoisting Machinery and Rigging Equipment
4.1 Hoisting machinery
4.1.1 All hoisting machinery that is newly purchased, overhauled, renovated, newly-installed,
newly-used, or out of service for a period exceeding the prescribed time shall undergo technical
inspection in accordance with relevant provisions and be used only after passing the inspection.
4.1.2 When the crane starts operating in each shift, it shall be tested for lifting first, and the
operation can only be carried out after confirming that the brake is sensitive and reliable. It is
not allowed to leave the post without permission and maintain the locomotive during operation.
4.1.3 The selection of the crane shall meet the requirements for lifting capacity, lifting height,
and working radius. At the same time, the minimum rod length of the boom shall meet the
operating requirements for lifting across obstacles.
4.1.4 The use of self-propelled cranes shall comply with the following provisions:
1 The parking position of the crane during operation shall maintain a safety distance from
ditches and foundation pits according to the construction plan; and the crane must not be
parked on a slope during operation.
2 Before operation, the outriggers shall be fully extended and the support pads shall be firm.
The outriggers shall be adjusted when there is no load; and the boom shall be fully
retracted and turned to the front or back before adjustment. If the outriggers are found to
have subsided or other abnormal conditions during the operation, the hoisting objects
shall be put down immediately and adjustments can be made before continuing the
operation.
3 When starting, the main clutch shall be disengaged first. After the operation is normal, the
main clutch shall be closed for no-load operation. After confirming that it is normal, the
operation can be started.
4 The elevation angle of the boom during operation shall not exceed its rated value; when
there is no corresponding information, the maximum elevation angle shall not exceed
78°, and the minimum elevation angle shall not be less than 45°.
5 The crane's amplitude shall be changed slowly and steadily; and rapid lifting and landing
is strictly prohibited. Before the boom is stopped stably, it is strictly prohibited to change
gears and perform two actions at the same time.
6 When the lifting load reaches or approaches the maximum rated load, it is strictly
prohibited to lower the boom.
7 When a truck-type crane is carrying out hoisting operations, no one is allowed in the
traveling cab, the hoisted objects are not allowed to pass above the cab, and driving with
a load is strictly prohibited.
8 The expansion and contraction of the telescopic boom shall comply with the following
provisions:
1) The expansion and contraction of the boom shall be carried out before lifting. When
expansion and contraction are required during lifting, the lifting load shall not exceed
50% of its rated value.
2) The length of the upper boom after the boom is extended shall be no greater than the
length of the lower boom; and the elevation angle of the boom after extension shall
be no less than the corresponding specified value in the instruction manual.
3) When extending the boom and lowering the hook at the same time, the minimum
safety distance between the running and standing blocks in the instruction manual
shall be met.
9 When the surface wear of the brake drum of the crane brake reaches 2.0mm or the wear
of the brake belt exceeds 50% of the original thickness, it shall be replaced.
10 The safety protection devices such as the crane's amplitude indicator, torque limiter and
limit switch shall be complete, flexible and reliable. It is strictly prohibited to adjust or
dismantle them at will; and limit devices are not allowed to replace the operating
mechanism.
11 After the operation is completed or before get off work, the operating lever shall be placed
in the neutral position according to provisions; the boom shall be fully retracted to the
original position, and turned to the downwind direction, and shall be lowered to between
40°~60°. Tighten the steel rope; hang the hook or drop the hook to the ground; then
secure the brakes and safety devices; turn off the engine; and lock the cab before leaving.
4.1.5 The use of tower cranes shall comply with the relevant provisions in current national
standards GB 5144 Safety Code for Tower Cranes, JGJ 196 Technical Specification for Safety
Installation Operation and Dismantlement of Tower Crane in Construction, and JGJ 33
Technical Specification for Safety Use of Construction Machines.
4.1.6 The manufacture and installation of the mast crane shall comply with the following
provisions:
1 Mast cranes shall be specially designed and manufactured, and can only be put into use
after passing strict testing, trial operation and technical appraisal.
2 The groundsills, foundations, cables, balance ropes and ground anchor and other facilities
during installation shall be determined through calculation. The angle between the
2 After the stress is applied from hoisting component to the hoisting chain, it shall be
carefully checked to ensure that the gears are well engaged; and the self-locking device
shall be effective before continuing the operation.
3 The chain shall be pulled evenly and gently, keep in the same direction as the wheel plate,
and it shall not be pulled diagonally.
4 When the lifting capacity of the reverse chain or the weight of the hoisting component is
unknown, only one person can pull the chain. If one person cannot pull the chain, the
reason shall be found out. At this time, it is strictly prohibited for two or more people to
pull the chain together.
5 The gear part shall be regularly lubricated; and the pawl, pawl spring and ratchet wheel
shall be checked regularly to prevent brake failure.
6 After use, the reverse chain shall be disassembled, cleaned, lubricated, and put on a plastic
cover after installation.
4.4.5 Lever hoists shall comply with the following provisions:
1 It can only be used for tightening balance ropes and lifting baskets during lifting.
2 Before use, it shall carefully check to confirm that the self-locking clamp device can
reciprocate in a straight line after clamping the steel rope. If it does not meet the
requirements, it is strictly prohibited to use it. When using it, it shall be checked to
confirm that it operates freely after being stressed. Only when there are no problems can
the operation continue.
3 When used in a hoisting basket, a safety rope shall be tied to each steel rope; and the other
end of the safety rope shall be fixed on a reliable structure.
4 After use, it shall be disassembled, cleaned, oiled, installed and restored, and properly kept.
4.4.6 The use of jacks shall comply with the following provisions:
l It shall be disassembled and cleaned before and after use. Damaged and non-compliant
parts shall be replaced. After installation, the flexibility of the operation of various parts
and accessories shall be checked. For hydraulic jacks, the integrity of the valves, pistons
and leather bowls shall be checked; and the cleanliness and consistency of the oil shall
meet the requirements. If used under negative temperature conditions, the oil shall not
thicken or freeze.
2 The selection of jacks shall comply with the following provisions:
1) The rated lifting weight of the jack shall be greater than the weight of the lifting
components, the lifting height shall meet the requirements, and its minimum height
shall be compatible with the installation clearance.
2) When using multiple jacks for joint lifting, jacks of the same model shall be selected
and synchronized. The rated lifting capacity of each jack shall be no less than 1.2
times the shared weight.
3 The jack shall be placed on a flat and solid ground; and sleepers or steel plates shall be
placed under the base. When in contact with the smooth surface of the lifted member, a
hard wooden board shall be added to prevent slipping.
4 The force transmission at the top location shall be reliable; the force transmission center
of the load shall be consistent with the axis of the jack; and load deflection is strictly
prohibited.
5 When jacking up, lift it up slightly and then stop. Check the jack's load-bearing capacity,
foundation, pads, and sleepers for any abnormalities or if the jack is skewed. If there are
any abnormalities, it shall deal with them in time before continuing to work.
6 During the jacking up process, do not lengthen the jack handle at will or press hard. Each
jacking height shall not exceed the mark on the piston; and the jacking height shall not
exceed 3/4 of the height of the screw rod or piston.
7 After the components are jacked up, temporary short wooden blocks shall be installed
along with the sleepers; and the distance between the short wooden blocks and the
components shall be kept within 50mm at all times.
4.5 Anchor
4.5.1 The structure of the vertical anchor shall comply with the following provisions:
1 Blocking wood shall be installed on the lower back side and the front side of the middle
part of the sleepers, logs, and square wood ground dragon pillars; and shall be close to
the earth wall. The pit shall be backfilled with earth and rocks and the surface shall be
slightly higher than the natural floor.
2 The depth of the pit shall be greater than 1.5m, and the ground dragon pillar shall be
0.4m~1.0m above the ground and tilt slightly backward.
3 When using sleepers or square timbers as ground dragon pillars, the long side of the section
shall be consistent with the force direction, and the applied load shall be perpendicular
to the ground dragon pillars.
4 When the bearing capacity of the single-column vertical anchor is not enough, one or two
single-column vertical anchor can be added behind the force-bearing direction and
connected with ropes to jointly bear the force.
5 The structural parameters and calculation methods of various vertical anchor shall comply
with the provisions of Appendix D of this Code.
5 Lifting of Concrete Structure
5.1 General Requirements
5.1.1 The transportation of components shall comply with the following provisions:
1 The transportation of components should strictly comply with the formulated
transportation technical measures.
2 The transport road shall be smooth and have sufficient bearing capacity, width and turning
radius.
3 When transporting components with a large height-to-width ratio, they shall be fixed using
support frames, fixed frames, supports or reverse chains; and shall not be transported by
hanging or stacking. The support frame shall be designed and calculated, and shall be
stable, reliable and easy to load and unload.
4 When large components are transported by semi-trailers or flatbed trucks, steering devices
shall be installed at the component supports.
5 During transportation, each component shall be fastened to the carriage.
5.1.2 The stacking of components shall comply with the following provisions:
1 The component stacking site shall be compacted and flat; and drainage ditches shall be set
up around it.
2 The components shall be stacked stably according to the designed support position, and
pad woods shall be provided at the bottom. For irregular columns, beams, and slabs,
support and padding methods shall be specifically analyzed and determined.
3 Components with a high center of gravity such as roof trusses and thin webbed girders
shall be placed upright. In addition to supporting pads, supports shall be provided on both
sides to make them stable. The number of supports shall be no less than 2 runs.
4 Overlapping components shall be separated by skids, and the upper and lower skids shall
be on the same vertical line. The stacking height of beams and columns should not exceed
2 layers; the stacking height of large roof panels should not exceed 6 layers. A 2m wide
passage shall be left between stackings.
5 Prefabricated large panels shall be stacked using the inserting method or the back-to-back
method; and the stacking rack shall be determined through design calculations.
5.1.3 The turning over of components shall comply with the following provisions:
l When the column is turned over, it shall be ensured that it can withstand the positive and
negative bending moments generated by its own weight. Its two ends are 1/5~1/6 away
from the end face, where it shall be padded with square wood or sleepers.
2 When the roof trusses or thin webbed girders are turned over, the crack resistance shall be
checked and if it is insufficient, they shall be reinforced.
When the height of the roof truss or thin web beams exceeds 1.7m, tie wood, bamboo or steel
pipe cross bars should be added to the surface to increase the plane stiffness of the roof truss,
and square timbers or sleepers should be set at both ends of the roof truss. The upper surface
should be flush with the bottom of the roof truss. Flat, and there should be no bonding between
the roof trusses. When turning over, you should straighten it once or turn the roof truss to an
angle of 70° with the ground before braking.
5.1.4 The assembly of components should comply with the following requirements:
1 When flat assembling is used, damage and deformation during the turning process should
be prevented; when vertical assembling is used, reliable stabilization measures should be
taken. When long-span members are assembled at high altitude, an assembly bracket
with an operating platform should be set up.
2 When the modular roof trusses are vertically assembled, safety blocks should be installed
on the assembled trusses.
5.1.5 The setting of lifting points and the tightening of components shall comply with the
following provisions:
1 When the component does not have a designed lifting ring (point), the position of the
tightening point shall be determined through calculation. The tightening method shall be
reliable and unhooking shall be easy and safe.
2 When tightening the vertically lifted components, it shall comply with the following
provisions:
1) The position of the tightening point shall be slightly higher than the center of gravity
of the component.
2) When the column does not turn over or cracks does not occur during lifting, the oblique
hoisting and tightening method shall be used.
3) The skylight frame should be tightening at four points.
3 When tightening the horizontally lifted components, it shall comply with the following
provisions:
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
|