GBZ 57-2019 PDF in English
GBZ 57-2019 (GBZ57-2019) PDF English
| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivered in | Name of Chinese Standard | Status |
| GBZ 57-2019 | English | 180 |
Add to Cart
|
0-9 seconds. Auto-delivery.
|
Diagnosis of occupational asthma
| Valid |
| GBZ 57-2008 | English | 160 |
Add to Cart
|
0-9 seconds. Auto-delivery.
|
Diagnostic criteria of occupational asthma
| Obsolete |
| GBZ 57-2002 | English | 519 |
Add to Cart
|
4 days
|
Diagnostic Criteria of Occupational Asthma
| Obsolete |
Standards related to (historical): GBZ 57-2019
Preview PDF (Powered by Google. Reload if blank, scroll for next page)
GBZ 57-2019: PDF in English GBZ 57-2019
GBZ
NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH STANDARD
OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 13.100
C 60
Replacing GBZ 57-2008
Diagnosis of occupational asthma
ISSUED ON: JANUARY 30, 2019
IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 01, 2019
Issued by: National Health Commission of the PRC
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Terms and definitions ... 5
4 Diagnostic principles ... 6
5 Diagnosis ... 6
6 Treatment principles ... 7
7 Instructions for the correct use of this Standard ... 8
8 Laboratory sensitizer bronchial provocation test and job-site bronchial
provocation test ... 8
9 Sensitizer-specific IgE antibody detection-enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay (ELISA) ... 8
10 Specific sensitizer skin test ... 8
Appendix A (Informative) Instructions for the correct use of this Standard ... 9
Appendix B (Normative) Laboratory sensitizer bronchial provocation test and
job-site bronchial provocation test ... 13
Appendix C (Informative) Sensitizer-specific IgE antibody detection-enzyme-
linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ... 17
Appendix D (Informative) Specific sensitizer skin test ... 20
Foreword
Clause 5 of this Standard is mandatory. The rest are recommended.
According to the Code of Occupational Disease Prevention of PRC, this
Standard is developed.
This Standard is drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This Standard replaces GBZ 57-2008 “Diagnostic criteria of occupational
asthma”.
As compared with GBZ 57-2008, the main changes are as follows:
- ADD terms and definitions;
- Expand the definition of occupational asthma and ADD reactive airway
dysfunction syndrome;
- REVISE the diagnostic principles;
- REVISE the diagnosis of occupational asthma and delete the grading;
- REVISE part of Appendix A;
- The index of Fractional exhaled nitric oxide is added to the positive reaction
standards of job-site bronchial provocation test;
- Delete appendixes “non-specific bronchial provocation test”, “exercise
challenge test”, and “sensitizer-specific IgE antibody detection-enzyme-
labelled fluorescence immunoassay (FEIA)”.
Drafting organizations of this Standard: Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji
University (Shanghai Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment
Hospital), Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention
and Treatment, The Second Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, West China
Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University.
Main drafters of this Standard: Zhang Jingbo, Sun Daoyuan, Chen Jiabin, Zhao
Liqiang, Song Li, Yang Huimin, Hu Yinghua.
The previous editions of this Standard were released as follows:
- GB 16377-1996;
- GBZ 57-2002;
Diagnosis of occupational asthma
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the principles of diagnosis and treatment of
occupational asthma.
This Standard applies to the diagnosis and treatment of occupational asthma.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For the dated references, only the editions with the dates indicated are
applicable to this document. For the undated references, the latest edition
(including all the amendments) are applicable to this document.
GB/T 16180 Standard for identify work ability - Gradation of disability caused
by work-related injuries and occupational diseases
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1 Occupational asthma
Chronic inflammatory disease of the airway involving a variety of cells including
eosinophils, mast cells, T lymphocytes, neutrophils, smooth muscle cells,
airway epithelial cells, and other cellular components, which is caused by
contact with certain chemical substances in occupational activities. It is
accompanied by variable airflow limitation and airway hyperresponsiveness.
Occupational asthma in this Standard includes occupational sensitizer-induced
asthma and occupational reactive airway dysfunction syndrome.
3.2 Occupational sensitizer-induced asthma
Chronic inflammatory disease of the airway characterized by intermittent attack
of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, or cough, etc. caused by
inhalation of sensitizers in occupational activities, with a period of incubation.
3.3 Occupational reactive airway dysfunction syndrome
Chronic airway neurogenic inflammatory disease with cough, wheezing, and
5.1.7 If 5.1.1+5.1.2+5.1.3 or 5.1.2+5.1.3+5.1.4 or 5.1.1+5.1.2+5.1.5 or
5.1.1+5.1.2+5.1.6 are met, occupational sensitizer-induced asthma can be
diagnosed.
5.2 Occupational reactive airway dysfunction syndrome
The following conditions shall be met at the same time:
a) There is an exact occupational inhalation history of large doses of irritant
chemicals in a short period of time;
b) After contact, mucosal irritation symptoms such as shedding tears,
pharyngalgia, cough, etc. appear immediately;
c) Within 24 h after inhalation, bronchial asthma symptoms appear. The
duration of the symptoms is longer than 3 months;
d) Pulmonary function test shows reversible obstructive ventilation function
disturbance or non-specific airway hyperresponsiveness;
e) There is no history of diseases of respiratory system such as chronic
bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
6 Treatment principles
6.1 Therapeutic principles
6.1.1 After the diagnosis of occupational asthma is established, the patient shall
be removed from the original occupational activity environment as soon as
possible, to avoid and prevent the relapse of asthma.
6.1.2 Patients with acute asthma attacks shall be relieved for symptoms as soon
as possible, relieved for airflow limitation and hypoxemia. The main
pharmacotherapy methods are repeated inhalation of fast-acting β2 receptor
agonists, oral or intravenous glucocorticoids, inhalation of anticholinergic drugs,
and intravenous aminophylline, etc. Patients with severe asthma attacks and
acute respiratory failure, if necessary, shall be treated with mechanical
ventilation.
6.1.3 For long-term therapy of asthma, according to the severity of the disease,
an appropriate therapeutic regimen shall be selected. The goal is to achieve
and maintain symptom control, maintain normal activity level, and maintain
normal pulmonary function as much as possible.
6.2 Other treatment
Appendix A
(Informative)
Instructions for the correct use of this Standard
A.1 Occupational sensitizer or irritant chemical is one of the pathogenic factors
of bronchial asthma. Compared with common asthma, occupational sensitizer-
induced asthma has no difference in pathological changes, clinical
manifestations, pulmonary function changes, therapy, etc. The pathogenesis is
mainly sensitizer-induced mechanism, but other mechanisms are often mixed.
Respiratory inhalation is the main contact route for occupational sensitizer-
induced asthma and the starting position for stimulating the immune response.
A.2 Case data show that individual chemicals can, through skin contact, cause
occupational sensitizer-induced asthma, such as occupational sensitizer-
induced asthma caused by skin contact with latex. If epidemiological
investigations, toxicological studies indicate that other chemicals can also
cause sensitizer-induced asthma by skin contact, occupational asthma can be
diagnosed.
A.3 Case data show that occupational sensitizer-induced asthma often occurs
in the 6 months to 10 years of contact with sensitizers. The shortest is 2 months.
A.4 Patients with occupational sensitizer-induced asthma, before the onset of
the disease, may develop allergic rhinitis symptoms such as running nose,
nasal itching, nasal congestion, and sneezing. Therefore, when there are
frequent attacks of nasal congestion, nasal itching, thin nasal discharge,
continuous sneezing, and other symptoms, the possibility of occupational
asthma shall be tracked.
A.5 In the early and middle stages of occupational sensitizer-induced asthma,
the occurrence and development of asthma symptoms are closely related to
sensitizer exposure. Typical occupational asthma patients often develop
asthma attacks during work or a few hours after work. The symptoms are more
pronounced on the first day of the workday. On weekends, holidays, or after
leaving the workplace, asthma symptoms can be alleviated. If the worker,
during work or a few hours after work, develops repeated attack of wheezing,
shortness of breath, cough, and other symptoms, and has medical records; or
there are two or more workmates (same type of work or same post) proof
materials proving that the patients often develop cough, chest tightness,
asthma symptoms during work or a few hours after work and develop repeated
attacks, it can be considered that occupational contact is associated with
Appendix B
(Normative)
Laboratory sensitizer bronchial provocation test and job-site bronchial
provocation test
B.1 Laboratory sensitizer bronchial provocation test
B.1.1 Conditions and requirements for subjects
B.1.1.1 During the test, asthma symptoms have been alleviated. There is no
wheezing in the auscultation of the lungs.
B.1.1.2 Before the test, subjects have a FEV1≥70 % of the predicted value.
Under close observation, some patients may be relaxed to FEV1>60 % of the
predicted value.
B.1.1.3 Subjects with cardiac and (or) pulmonary insufficiency, aortic aneurysm,
recent myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident, uncontrolled
hypertension, hyperthyroidism, pregnancy, and recent upper respiratory tract
infection (< 2 weeks), etc. are not suitable for the test. Subjects who are allergic
to certain strong sensitizers (such as penicillin, etc.) or have had a history of
hypersensitivity (such as anaphylactic shock) are also not suitable for the test.
B.1.1.4 Drugs to be discontinued
a) Discontinuation of inhaled short-acting β2-receptor agonist or
anticholinergic drugs for 6h, oral short-acting β2-receptor agonist or
theophylline drugs for 12h, long-acting or sustained-release dosage form
drugs for 24 h;
b) Discontinuation of inhaled glucocorticoids for 12 h, oral glucocorticoids for
48 h;
c) Discontinuation of antihistamines for 48h;
d) Other drugs, such as β-receptor blockers, barbiturates, benzodiazepines,
etc., can reduce the tolerance to the activator; and shall be discontinued
48h before the measurement.
B.1.1.5 6h before the measurement, it shall avoid drinking coffee, strong tea,
and alcoholic beverages. 2h before the measurement, it shall avoid vigorous
exercise or cold air inhalation.
B.1.3.2 If there are obvious symptoms and signs after the provocation, such as
chest tightness, shortness of breath, sharp cough, lung wheezing, etc., the
upper value shall be relaxed. If FEV1 drops by more than 10%, it can be judged
as positive.
B.1.4 Matters needing attention
B.1.4.1 There is still a potential danger in the process of provocation test. The
sensitizer inhalation concentration should not be too high, so as to avoid the
irritative reaction. At the same time, the indications and contraindications shall
be strictly controlled. The operation specification shall be strictly followed. The
technician who performs the operation must be proficient in the operation
procedures. The examination room shall be provided with bronchodilator,
oxygen, and other first-aid medicines.
B.1.4.2 In view of the fact that this test requires certain equipment and technical
conditions, during the test, individual cases may be overreacted, so this test
shall be carried out in a hospital with conditions.
B.1.4.3 It is not advisable to give hints before or during the test that the subject
should not be too nervous.
B.2 Job-site bronchial provocation test
B.2.1 Pre-test preparation and basic conditions
Same as B.1.1.
B.2.2 Method
B.2.2.1 Before the test, the value of the basic Fractional exhaled nitric oxide
(FeNO) is measured. Within the 1st hour after entering the job site, every 15
min, the ventilation function (FEV1) is measured once. The 2nd hour, every 0.5
h, the ventilation function is measured once. According to the situation, it is
possible to stay at the site for 1 h~2 h.
B.2.2.2 After disengagement, every 1 h, the pulmonary function is measured
once. The clinical symptoms and signs shall be paid attention to and recorded.
Continuous observation for at least 8 h. 24 h, it shall be measured again. FeNO
after the test shall also be measured.
B.2.2.3 If pulmonary function indices are significantly reduced, and there are
respiratory symptoms and signs, the provocation test can be terminated; the
bronchodilator can be inhaled. The recovery of pulmonary function indices shall
be observed.
Appendix C
(Informative)
Sensitizer-specific IgE antibody detection-enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
C.1 Principle
The basis of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is the immobilization of
antigen or antibody and the enzyme labelling of antigen or antibody. The
antigen or antibody bound to the surface of solid phase support retains its
immunological activity. The enzyme-labelled antigen or antibody retains both its
immunological activity and the activity of the enzyme. In the measurement, the
known specific antigen is first immobilized on the surface of solid phase support
to form a solid phase antigen. The sample to be tested is added. Then the
enzyme-labelled antibody is added, so that an antigen-antibody to be tested-
labelled antibody complex is formed on the solid phase support. After adding
enzyme substrate and chromogen, color is generated. The degree of color
generation is expressed by the absorbance (A) value. The measured A value is
correlated with the level of the sensitizer to be tested.
C.2 Equipment
Porous polystyrene board (universal 96-pore board, 12×8 pores), micropipette,
enzyme-labelled immunoassay instrument, PH test paper, thermostat,
refrigerator, wash bottle, wet box, common glassware, etc.
C.3 Reagents
C.3.1 Currently, various ELISA tests have commercialized special kits, including
reaction plates coated with goat anti-human IgE, serial standards (0 U/mL, 10
U/mL, 100 U/mL, 500 U/mL), and quality control serum; enzyme (HRP) labelled
anti-human IgE monoclonal antibody; buffer solution, stop buffer, etc.
C.3.2 Dedicated labelling enzyme: Horse-radish peroxidase (HRP) is most
commonly used to label various antibodies.
C.3.3 Commonly-used enzyme substrates and chromogens: HRP substrate is
H2O2 (or urea peroxide), which requires hydrogen donor to participate in the
catalysis. The latter is mostly a reductive dye, which reacts to form a dark or
fluorescent oxidative dye. There are many chromogens (hydrogen donors)
available for HRP. Commonly used are o-phenylenediamine (OPD), 3,3’,5,5’-
Appendix D
(Informative)
Specific sensitizer skin test
D.1 Intracutaneous test
D.1.1 Selection of skin test solution
D.1.1.1 Sensitizer skin test solution: SELECT a standardized skin test solution.
D.1.1.2 Skin test control solution and purpose: In order to obtain an accurate
skin test result, a skin test is performed with both positive and negative controls.
The positive control solution is histamine dihydrochloride at a concentration of
0.017mg/mL or histamine diphosphate at a concentration of 0.028 mg/mL,
which is equivalent to a 0.01 mg/mL histamine substrate.
The purpose of using a positive control solution:
a) JUDGE the positive degree of sensitizer skin test: USE positive control
solution caused papule as the standard “scale” to determine the positive
degree of sensitizer skin test.
b) Determine the level of skin reactivity of the subjects: Due to age, physical
condition, and region, the skin’s reactivity is not the same. For example,
the skin reactivity of the elderly is poor; and the reaction of the positive
control is also weak.
c) Observe the inhibitory effect of drugs: When the positive control solution
shows negative reaction, it indicates that the skin test result is likely to be
inhibited by certain drugs, such as antihistamines, thus the skin test result
is invalid. Only when the positive control solution shows positive reaction,
it indicates that the skin test is not affected by drug inhibition or other
factors, and the skin test result is valid. The negative control solution is
usually normal saline or sensitizer diluted preservation solution. The
negative control solution shows negative reaction. If the patient is highly
sensitive, a false positive reaction may appear. At this time, the skin test
positive reaction produced by the sensitizer is not clinically significant.
D.1.2 Operation procedures
D.1.2.1 The skin of the subject’s forearm palmaris is disinfected using 75%
alcohol. When disinfecting, do not apply it repeatedly. Do not use iodine tincture
b) People with obvious dermatographism should not be skin tested;
c) Before the test, STOP taking the antihistamine drugs. When the conditions
permit, it shall stop taking adrenal glucocorticoid;
d) The antigen used shall be sterile and of appropriate concentration;
e) The test operation shall be accurate. Do not be bleeding;
f) After injection, do not press and rub the wheal;
g) Attention shall be paid to systemic reaction. First-aid medicines shall be
provided.
D.2 Prick test
D.2.1 Selection of skin test solution
D.2.1.1 Sensitizer skin test solution: same as D.1.1.1.
D.2.1.2 Skin test control solution and purpose: The concentration of histamine
dihydrochloride or histamine diphosphate used in the positive control solution
is 100 times that of the intracutaneous test, which is equivalent to 1mg/mL
histamine substrate. The purpose of using the control solution is the same as
D.1.1.2.
D.2.2 Operation procedures
D.2.2.1 The test area disinfection is the same as that of intracutaneous test.
D.2.2.2 Apply a drop of sensitizer skin test solution or control solution to the skin
test site. USE a pricking needle to prick in the center of the skin where the skin
test solution is dripped. The method of pricking is: USE a pricking needle to
vertically and gently press down on the skin for 1s; and quickly LIFT the needle;
2min~3min, WIPE the skin test solution. If multiple sensitizer pricks are
performed at the same time, each pricking site shall be separated by more than
3cm.
D.2.3 Observation and judgment
D.2.3.1 About 15 min after pricking, the reaction results are observed. Observe
whether there is a papule at the pricking site and the papule size. In the next
10min~15min, it is observed several times. If the papule increases, RECORD
the latter reaction. If it is reduced, RECORD the previous reaction.
D.2.3.2 Observation method: same as D.1.3.2.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
|