GB/T 6913-2023 PDF in English
GB/T 6913-2023 (GB/T6913-2023, GBT 6913-2023, GBT6913-2023)
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Analysis of water used in boiler and cooling system -- Determination of phosphate
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Standards related to: GB/T 6913-2023
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GB/T 6913-2023: PDF in English (GBT 6913-2023) GB/T 6913-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 71.040.40
CCS G 76
Replacing GB/T 6913-2008
Analysis of water used in boiler and cooling system -
Determination of phosphate
(ISO 6878:2004, Water quality - Determination of phosphorus -
Ammonium molybdate spectrometric method, NEQ)
ISSUED ON: MARCH 17, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON: OCTOBER 01, 2023
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Terms and definitions ... 5
4 Ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method ... 5
5 Continuous flow-ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method ... 11
6 Test report ... 14
Appendix A (Normative) Things to note during the test ... 15
Appendix B (Informative) Interference judgment and elimination of coexisting ions 16
Appendix C (Normative) Continuous flow analyzer system performance check ... 18
Analysis of water used in boiler and cooling system -
Determination of phosphate
Warming: The strong acid and strong base which are used in this document are
corrosive. Avoid inhalation or contact with the skin during use. If it splashes on
the body, use plenty of water to rinse it immediately. If serious, seek medical advice
immediately.
1 Scope
This document describes methods for the determination of orthophosphate, total
inorganic phosphate, and total phosphate content in water used in boiler and cooling
system: ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method and continuous flow-
ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method.
This document applies to the determination of orthophosphate, total inorganic
phosphate, and total phosphate content in water used in boiler and cooling system. The
measurement range of the ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method is 0.05
mg/L ~ 50 mg/L (based on PO43-); the measurement range of the continuous flow-
ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method is 0.1 mg/L ~ 50 mg/L (based on
PO43-).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of
their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the
version corresponding to that date is applicable to this document; for undated references,
the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 6682-2008, Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test
methods
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions need to be defined in this document.
4 Ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method
4.1 Determination of orthophosphate content
4.1.1 Method summary
In the presence of acidic media and antimonic salts, orthophosphate reacts with
ammonium molybdate solution to produce yellow phosphomolybdenum heteropoly
acid. Use ascorbic acid to reduce it to phosphomolybdenum blue, and measure it by the
spectrophotometric method at a wavelength of 710 nm.
The reaction formula is:
4.1.2 Reagents or materials
Unless otherwise specified, only use analytical reagents or above.
4.1.2.1 Water: GB/T 6682-2008, grade 3.
4.1.2.2 Ascorbic acid solution: 100 g/L. Store it in brown bottles at 4 °C, valid for 14
days.
4.1.2.3 Ammonium molybdate solution: 26 g/L. Weigh 13 g of ammonium molybdate
and 0.35 g of potassium antimony tartrate (KSbOC4H4O6·1/2H2O); dissolve in 200 mL
of water; add 230 mL of sulfuric acid solution (1+1); mix well; cool and use water to
dilute to 500 mL; shake well. Store it in brown bottles, valid for 2 months.
4.1.2.4 Phosphate standard stock solution (based on PO43-): 500 mg/L. Weigh 0.716 5
g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate that has been dried to a constant weight at 100 °C
~ 105 °C, accurate to 0.2 mg; dissolve in about 500 mL of water; transfer to a 1 000 mL
volumetric flask; use water to dilute to the mark; shake well.
4.1.2.5 Phosphate standard solution (based on PO43-): 20 mg/L. Pipette 20.00 mL of
phosphate standard stock solution into a 500 mL volumetric flask; use water to dilute
to the mark; shake well. Formulate this solution when needed.
4.1.3 Instruments and apparatuses
Spectrophotometer: Equipped with an absorption cell with a thickness of 1 cm.
4.1.4 Test procedure
4.1.4.1 Preparation of sample
Filter the water sample collected on site through medium-speed filter paper and collect
into clean and dry glass bottles for subsequent analysis. Operate things to note during
the test according to Appendix A. See Appendix B for the interference judgment and
elimination of coexisting ions in the sample.
4.3.2.3 Potassium persulfate solution: 40 g/L. Store in brown bottles, valid for 14 days.
4.3.2.4 Other reagents: Same as 4.1.2.
4.3.3 Instruments and apparatuses
Spectrophotometer: Equipped with an absorption cell with a thickness of 1 cm.
4.3.4 Test procedure
Transfer an appropriate volume of sample (4.1.4.1) to a 100 mL Erlenmeyer flask by
referring to Table 1; add water to approximately 40 mL. Add 1.0 mL of sulfuric acid
solution and 5.0 mL of potassium persulfate solution; place it on an electric furnace to
maintain a slight boil for about 30 minutes for digestion. When boiling, add water
regularly to keep the solution volume at 25 mL ~ 30 mL. After cooling, use sodium
hydroxide solution to adjust the pH to 3 ~ 10 and transfer to a 50 mL volumetric flask.
Add 2.0 mL of ammonium molybdate solution and 1.0 mL of ascorbic acid solution;
use water to dilute to the mark; shake well; leave at room temperature for 10 minutes.
Use a spectrophotometer to measure the absorbance at a wavelength of 710 nm with a
1 cm absorption cell and a blank as a reference.
Note: Other digestion methods, such as microwave digestion, can also be used.
4.3.5 Result calculation
4.3.5.1 The total phosphate (based on PO43-) content ρ3 is expressed in terms of mass
concentration, in milligrams per liter (mg/L), and is calculated according to Formula
(3):
Where:
m – the mass of PO43- found from the calibration curve (4.1.4.2) or calculated from the
regression equation, in micrograms (μg);
V – the volume of the sample transferred, in milliliters (mL).
Express the calculation result to two digits after the decimal point.
4.3.5.2 The organophosphate (based on PO43-) content ρ4 is expressed in terms of mass
concentration, in milligrams per liter (mg/L), and is calculated according to Formula
(4):
Adjust the instrument according to the instrument instruction manual to achieve optimal
usage conditions. After starting up, first replace the reagent with water to check the
tightness of the entire analysis flow path and the smoothness of the liquid flow. After
the baseline stabilizes (about 20 minutes), the system begins to take the reagent package.
After the baseline stabilizes again, proceed to the measurement of total phosphate
according to 5.4.3 ~ 5.4.4. When measuring orthophosphate, use water instead of
potassium persulfate solution; turn off the hydrolysis heating and UV digestion
functions of the total phosphate analysis module for measurement. When measuring
total inorganic phosphate, use water instead of potassium persulfate solution, and turn
off the UV digestion function of the total phosphate analysis module for measurement.
5.4.2 Preparation of calibration solutions
Respectively pipette 0.00 mL (blank), 0.50 mL, 1.00 mL, 2.00 mL, 3.00 mL, 4.00 mL,
5.00 mL, 6.00 mL and 7.00 mL of phosphate standard solution into nine 50 mL
volumetric flasks, corresponding to the PO43- mass concentrations of 0.00 mg/L, 0.50
mg/L, 1.00 mg/L, 2.00 mg/L, 3.00 mg/L, 4.00 mg/L, 5.00 mg/L, 6.00 mg/L and 7.00
mg/L.
5.4.3 Drawing of calibration curve
Add an appropriate amount of phosphate standard series solution (larger than the
instrument’s liquid absorption capacity) to the sample cup; use the injector to sample
and measure in sequence according to the program. Draw a calibration curve with the
measured signal value as the ordinate and the corresponding mass concentration of
PO43- (mg/L) as the abscissa.
5.4.4 Determination
Measure the sample (4.1.4.1) using the blank as a reference under the same conditions
as for drawing the calibration curve. If the phosphate content in the sample exceeds the
range of the calibration curve, it shall be measured after dilution.
Note: When using a continuous flow analyzer for measurement, the type and
concentration of the solution in the required reagent package, the flow and flow
rate of the reagent, and the range of the calibration curve will vary depending
on the model of the instrument. The user shall choose the best test conditions
according to the instrument model.
5.5 Calculation of results
The phosphate (based on PO43-) content ρ is expressed in terms of mass concentration,
in milligrams per liter (mg/L), and is calculated according to Formula (5):
Appendix A
(Normative)
Things to note during the test
A.1 Filtration of water sample
The water sample shall be filtered within 4 hours after collection, and the filtration time
shall not exceed 10 minutes. If the temperature of the water sample is lower than room
temperature, the sample shall be brought to room temperature before filtering. The first
10 mL of filtrate shall be discarded during filtration.
A.2 Cleaning of glassware
Before use, all glassware shall be soaked in hydrochloric acid solution (1+4) or nitric
acid solution (1+4) for more than 12 hours, and then washed thoroughly with water.
Regularly use sodium hydroxide solution (80 g/L) to wash the absorption cell or
detector, and then rinse thoroughly with water to remove colored complex deposits
attached to the glassware.
A.3 Calibration of absorption cell
Before the test, the absorption cell shall be calibrated to eliminate differences between
different absorption cells.
A.4 Decomposition of organophosphorus substance
In the presence of a large amount of organic matter, the decomposition effect of
potassium persulfate is poor, and nitric acid and perchloric acid shall be used to
decompose organic matter. The operation is as follows: accurately pipette a certain
volume of sample; add 2 mL of nitric acid and 1 mL of perchloric acid; heat on an
adjustable electric furnace until brown vapor no longer comes out and white crystals
appear. After cooling, add water and heat slightly until a clear and transparent solution
is obtained. Use sodium hydroxide solution (80 g/L) to adjust the pH to 7 ~ 9.
A.5 Processing and storage of water sample
To ensure that the water sample does not change, it is best to measure it immediately
after taking the sample. If the measurement cannot be carried out immediately, adjust
the pH to less than 2 with sulfuric acid and store it in a glass bottle at 4 °C.
Appendix C
(Normative)
Continuous flow analyzer system performance check
C.1 Reagents or materials
C.1.1 Phosphate standard solution: 50 mg/L, same as 5.2.9.
C.1.2 Sodium pyrophosphate standard stock solution: 500 mg/L (based on PO43-).
Weigh 1.173 8 g of sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate; dissolve it in an appropriate
amount of water; transfer it to a 1 000 mL volumetric flask; use water to dilute it to the
mark; shake well. Store at 4 °C, valid for 3 months.
C.1.3 Sodium pyrophosphate standard solution: 2.50 mg/L (based on PO43-). Pipette
10.00 mL of sodium pyrophosphate standard stock solution into a 100 mL volumetric
flask; use water to dilute to the mark; shake well. Pipette 5.00 mL of the above solution
into a 100 mL volumetric flask; use water to dilute to the mark; shake well. Formulate
this solution when needed.
C.1.4 Pyridoxal-5-phosphate standard stock solution: 500 mg/L (based on PO43-).
Weigh 0.279 1 g of pyridoxal 5-phosphate; dissolve it in an appropriate amount of water;
transfer it to a 200 mL volumetric flask; use water to dilute to the mark; shake well;
store in a brown glass bottle. Store at 4 °C, valid for 3 months.
C.1.5 Pyridoxal-5-phosphate standard solution: 2.50 mg/L (based on PO43-). Pipette
10.00 mL of pyridoxal-5-phosphate standard stock solution into a 100 mL volumetric
flask; use water to dilute to the mark; shake well. Pipette 5.00 mL of the above solution
into a 100 mL volumetric flask; use water to dilute to the mark; shake well. Formulate
this solution when needed.
C.2 Performance check
Use sodium pyrophosphate standard solution to verify the hydrolysis efficiency of the
method, and use pyridoxal-5-phosphate standard solution to verify the digestion
efficiency of the method. Generally, the test is performed once every 2 weeks. Parallelly
measure sodium pyrophosphate standard solution (when measuring orthophosphate or
total inorganic phosphate) or pyridoxal-5-phosphate standard solution (when measuring
total phosphate) and phosphate standard solution; calculate the hydrolysis or digestion
efficiency R according to Formula (C.1), where R shall be greater than 90%.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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