GB/T 6113.104-2016 (GB/T 6113.104-2021 Newer Version) PDF English
GB/T 6113.104-2016 (GB/T6113.104-2016, GBT 6113.104-2016, GBT6113.104-2016)
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Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods -- Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus -- Antennas and test sites for radiated disturbance measurements
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GB/T 6113.104-2016: PDF in English (GBT 6113.104-2016) GB/T 6113.104-2016
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods--Part 1-4. Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus--Antennas and test sites for radiated disturbance measurements
ICS 33.100
L06
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Replace GB/T 6113.104-2008
Radio disturbance and immunity measurement equipment and measurements
Method Specification Part 1-4. Radio
Harassment and immunity measurement equipment radiation harassment
Measuring antenna and test site
methods-Part 1-4.Radiodisturbanceandimmunitymeasuringapparatus-
(CISPR16-1-4..2012, IDT)
2016-04-25 released.2016-11-01 implementation
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
China National Standardization Administration issued
Content
Foreword V
1 range 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 1
3.1 Terms and Definitions 2
3.2 Abbreviations 5
4 Radio radiation disturbance measurement antenna 5
4.1 Overview 5
4.2 Physical parameters of radiation emission measurements 5
4.3 Frequency range 9kHz~150kHz 6
4.3.1 Overview 6
4.3.2 Magnetic field antenna 6
4.3.3 Shielding of loop antennas 6
4.4 Frequency range 150kHz~30MHz 6
4.4.1 Electric field antenna 6
4.4.2 Magnetic field antenna 6
4.4.3 Symmetry/cross-polarization performance of the antenna 6
4.5 Frequency range 30MHz~1000MHz 7
4.5.1 Overview 7
4.5.2 Use of an antenna with low uncertainty when there is a suspicious condition that does not meet the electric field limit 7
4.5.3 Antenna Characteristics 7
4.5.4 Symmetry of the antenna 9
4.5.5 Antenna cross-polarization performance 10
4.6 Frequency range 1GHz~18GHz 10
4.7 Special Antenna Configuration - Loop Antenna System 10
5 Test site for radio disturbance field strength measurement, 30MHz~1000MHz 11
5.1 Overview 11
5.2 Open test site 11
5.2.1 Overview 11
5.2.2 Climate protection cover 11
5.2.3 Barrier-free area 11
5.2.4 RF environment around the test site 13
5.2.5 Grounding plate 13
5.3 Applicability of other types of test sites 13
5.3.1 Other test sites with grounded plates 13
5.3.2 Test site (FAR) without grounding plate 13
5.4 Test site confirmation 14
5.4.1 Overview 14
5.4.2 Test site validation method overview 14
5.4.3 Site confirmation of OATS and SAC Principles and theoretical values of the NSA method 14
5.4.4 Reference Site Method for OATS and SAC Site Validation 21
5.4.5 Confirming OATS 25 using the NSA method
5.4.6 Confirmation of OATS or SAC with climate protection cover 28
5.4.7 Site confirmation of FAR 30
5.5 Assessment of the impact of the test bench and antenna tower 37
5.5.1 Overview 37
5.5.2 Assessment procedures for the impact of test tables and antenna towers 37
6 Reverberation chamber 39 for total radiant power measurement
6.1 Overview 39
6.2 Cavity 39
6.2.1 Dimensions and Shapes 39
6.2.2 Doors, wall openings and mounting brackets 40
6.2.3 Stirrer 40
6.2.4 Test of agitator efficiency 41
6.2.5 Coupling attenuation 41
7 TEM cell 42 for radiation disturbance immunity measurement
8 Test site for radio disturbance field strength measurement, 1GHz~18GHz 42
8.1 Overview 42
8.2 Reference test site 42
8.3 Confirmation of the test site 42
8.3.1 Overview 42
8.3.2 Acceptance criteria for site confirmation 43
8.3.3 Site Confirmation Method---SVSWR Assessment 43
8.4 Replaceable test site 53
9 common mode absorption device 53
9.1 Overview 53
9.2 S-parameter measurement of CMAD 54
9.3 CMAD test fixture 54
9.4 TRL calibration method 54
9.5 Specification for Clamp Ferrite CMAD 56
9.6 CMAD performance (decrease) verification using spectrum analyzer and tracking generator 57
Appendix A (Normative) Antenna Parameters 59
Appendix B (Normative) The characteristic equation of a monopole antenna (1m rod antenna) and the characteristics of the associated antenna matching network 65
Appendix C (Normative) Loop antenna system for measuring magnetic field induced currents in the frequency range from 9 kHz to 30 MHz 69
Appendix D (Normative) Detailed structure of the OATS ground, frequency range 30MHz~1000MHz (Chapter 5) 78
Appendix E 81
Appendix F (informative) Basis for 4dB Site Acceptance Guidelines 82
Appendix G (informative) Example of uncertainty budget for the confirmation of the COMTS site by the RSM method 84
Reference 87
Fig.1 Direct wave and ground reflected wave of EUT radiation on the 3m test site (the angle φ from the visual axis of the antenna is half of the lobe width)
Schematic 8 of reaching the LPDA antenna
Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the barrier-free area of the test site equipped with a turntable (see 5.2.3) 12
Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the test site without a turntable and the barrier-free area when the EUT is stationary (see 5.2.3) 12
Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of measurement arrangement of horizontally polarized field attenuation
Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the measurement arrangement of the vertical polarization field attenuation 16
Figure 6 Location of test points at 3m test distance 23
Figure 7 Location of test point pairs for all test distances 24
Figure 8 Example of test point pair selection when the test distance is 10m
Figure 9 Example of studying antenna tower impact AAPR 25
Figure 10 Typical Polarization Locations in OATS or SAC with Climate Protection Covers for Vertical Polarization Confirmation Measurements 29
Figure 11 Horizontal Polarization Confirmation Typical antenna position in OATS or SAC with climate protection cover when measuring 29
Figure 12 Vertical Polarization Confirmation Typical antenna position in OATS or SAC with climate protection cover
(for smaller EUTs) 30
Figure 13 Horizontal Polarization Confirmation Typical antenna position in OATS or SAC with climate protection cover
(for smaller EUTs) 30
Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the measurement position specified by the FAR site confirmation 32
Figure 15 An example of the measurement position and antenna tilt placement specified by the FAR site validation procedure 33
Figure 16 Typical layout of quasi-free space site reference measurements Figure 35
Figure 17 Theoretical values of free-space NSA as a function of frequency for different measured distances [see equation (18)] 37
Figure 18 Schematic diagram of the position of the antenna on the rectangular test table relative to the edge of the test table (top view) 39
Figure 19 Location of the antenna on the test bench (side view) 39
Figure 20 Typical blade agitator example 40
Figure 21 Coupling attenuation with frequency of the reverberation chamber shown in Figure 20 as a function of frequency 41
Figure 22 Example 44 of the E-plane radiation pattern of the transmitting antenna
Figure 23 Radiation pattern of the transmitting antenna H plane 45
Figure 24 SVSWR measurement position point horizontal distribution Figure 46
Figure 25 SVSWR test location point (height requirement) 48
Figure 26 Requirements for conditional test locations 52
Figure 27 Definition of the reference plane in the test fixture 55
Figure 28 Four configurations of TRL calibration 56
Figure 29 Limit value of S11 amplitude measured according to 9.1~9.3
Figure 30 Example of the structure of a 50Ω adapter in the vertical flange of the test fixture 58
Figure 31 Example of a matching network with a balun or transformer 58
Figure 32 Example of a matching adapter with a resistive matching network 58
Figure A.1 Antenna coefficient of short dipoles at RL=50Ω 61
Figure B.1 Test Method Using a Network Analyzer 66
Figure B.2 Test method using measurement receiver and signal generator 67
Figure B.3 Example of Capacitor Installation in a Virtual Antenna 67
Figure C.1 Loop antenna system 70 consisting of three mutually perpendicular large loop antennas
Figure C.2 A large loop antenna 71 containing two antenna slots that face each other and are symmetrically distributed with respect to the current probe.
Figure C.3 Schematic diagram of the antenna slot 71
Figure C.4 Example of an antenna slot structure using a printed circuit board reinforcement structure 72
Figure C.5 Schematic diagram of a metal box with a current probe 72
Figure C.6 Example of EUT cable routing to ensure no capacitive coupling between lead and antenna ring 73
Figure C.7 8 positions of the balun-dipole when confirming the large loop antenna 74
Figure C.8 Confirmation factor for a large loop antenna with a diameter of 2 m 74
Figure C.9 Structure of the Barron-Dipole 75
Figure C.10 Conversion factor CdA corresponding to the two standard measurement distances d
[Conversion unit is dB(μA/m)] and CdV [conversion unit is dB(μA/m)] 75
Figure C.11 Sensitivity of large-loop antennas of diameter D to standard-diameter (D=2m) large-loop antennas SD 76
Figure D.1 Rayleigh criterion for ground plane roughness 78
Table 1 Applicable to OATS, OATS-based, SAC and FAR site type site validation methods 14
Table 2 Theoretical value of NSA AN (geometry of the recommended site, using a half-wave dipole antenna, horizontally polarized) 17
Table 3 Theoretical value of NSA AN (geometry of the recommended site, using a half-wave dipole antenna, vertical polarization) 18
Table 4 Theoretical value of NSA AN (geometry of the recommended site, when using broadband antennas, vertical polarization and horizontal polarization) 19
Table 5. Transimpedance correction factor required for NSA testing (using a tuned half-wave dipole antenna, 3 m apart) 20
Table 6 Example of AAPR data template 21
Table 7 Frequency step size of RSM 22
Table 8 Maximum size of test space relative to test distance 31
Table 9 Step size corresponding to the frequency range 33
Table 10 SVSWR test location point summary 48
Table 11 SVSWR Report Requirements 53
Table D.1 Maximum roughness of the measured distance of 3m, 10m, 30m 79
Table F.1 Estimation of error 82
Table G.1 Attenuation calibration of antenna-to-reference site confirmation using average technique 84
Table G.2 Antenna vs. Reference Site Attenuation Calibration Using REFTS 85
Table G.3 Uncertainty budget for confirming COMTS using antenna versus reference site attenuation 85
Foreword
GB/T 6113 "Radio Disturbance and Immunity Measurement Equipment and Measurement Method Specification" is the basic standard for electromagnetic compatibility, and is composed of the following four departments.
Composition.
Part 1. Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring equipment
--- Part 1-1. Radio disturbance and immunity measuring equipment measuring equipment;
--- Part 1-2. Radio disturbance and immunity measurement equipment auxiliary equipment conducted disturbance;
--- Part 1-3. Radio disturbance and immunity measuring equipment auxiliary equipment disturbance power;
--- Part 1-4. Radio disturbance and immunity measuring equipment - Radiation disturbance measuring antennas and test sites;
--- Part 1-5. Radio disturbance and immunity measuring equipment 30MHz~1000MHz antenna calibration test site;
--- Section 1-6. Antenna calibration method.
Part 2. Radio disturbance and immunity measurement methods
--- Part 2-1. Radio disturbance and immunity measurement methods - Conductive disturbance measurement;
--- Part 2-2. Radio disturbance and immunity measurement methods - Harassment power measurement;
--- Part 2-3. Radio disturbance and immunity measurement method Radiative disturbance measurement;
--- Part 2-4. Radio disturbance and immunity measurement methods - Immunity measurement;
--- Part 2-5. Field measurement of large equipment harassment emissions.
Part 3. Technical report on radio disturbance and immunity measurement
--- Part 3. Technical report on radio disturbance and immunity measurement.
Part 4. Uncertainty, statistics, and limit modeling
--- Part 4-1. Uncertainty, statistical and limit modeling Modeling EMC test uncertainty;
--- Part 4-2. Uncertainty, statistics and limits modeling uncertainty of equipment and facilities;
--- Part 4-3. Uncertainty, statistics and limits modeling statistical considerations for EMC compliance uncertainty for batch products;
--- Part 4-4. Calculation models for statistical and limit values for uncertainty, statistics and limit modeling;
--- Part 4-5. Uncertainty, statistics and limits modeling conditions for the use of alternative test methods.
This part is part 1-4 of GB/T 6113.
This part is drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This part replaces GB/T 6113.104-2008 "Radio Disturbance and Immunity Measurement Equipment and Measurement Methods Specifications Part 1-4.
Radio disturbance and immunity measurement equipment auxiliary equipment radiation disturbance, major technical changes compared with GB/T 6113.104-2008
as follows.
--- For the new "Common Mode Absorption Device" and "RSM Method Site Confirmation Method", the corresponding increase of 3.1.4, 3.1.6, 3.1.9~
18 terms such as 3.1.11, 3.1.13~3.1.16, 3.1.18, 3.1.20~3.1.27;
--- Added abbreviations (see 3.2);
--- Added "physical parameters of radiation emission measurements" (see 4.2);
--- Added 4.5.1 "Overview" and 4.5.2 "Use of antennas with low uncertainty when there are suspicious conditions that do not meet the electric field limits";
--- Revised the "antenna characteristics" of 4.5.3;
--- Revised Chapter 5 "Test Site for Radio Disturbance Field Strength Measurement, 30MHz~1000MHz", mainly added
5.4.4 “Reference Site Method for OATS and SAC Validation” and 5.5 added “Evaluation of the impact of test tables and antenna towers,
1GHz~18GHz";
--- Added Chapter 8 "Test Site for Radio Disturbance Field Strength Measurement, 1GHz~18GHz";
--- Added Chapter 9 "Common Mode Absorption Device";
--- Added A.1 "Overview" in Appendix A, A.2 "Preferred Recommended Antenna" and A.3 "Simple Dipole Antenna";
--- The contents retained in Appendix E are incorporated into Chapter 5; in order to maintain structural consistency with the equivalent standards, it is convenient to read and read,
Appendix E is retained in the appendix and in the main text. Thus its subsequent appendix number remains unchanged;
--- Added the appendix G for the RSM site confirmation method. "Uncertainty when using the RSM method to confirm the site of COMTS."
Example of a budget"
--- Corrected some of the errors in the chart and formula number.
This part uses the translation method equivalent to CISPR16-1-4.2012 (Ed.3.1) "Radio disturbance and immunity measurement equipment and measurement side
Part 1-4 of the Code of Practice. Antennas and Test Sites for Radiation Disturbance Measurement Equipment for Radio Disturbance and Immunity Measurement Equipment.
The documents of our country that have a consistent correspondence with the international documents referenced in this part are as follows.
--- GB/T 6113.402-2006 Radio disturbance and immunity measuring equipment and methods of measurement - Part 4-2. Uncertain
Degree, statistical and limit modeling to measure the uncertainty of equipment and facilities (CISPR16-4-2.2003, IDT)
This section has made the following editorial changes.
--- Correction or errata for CISPR16-1-4Ed.3.1 errors;
--- According to the context description, in Article 8.3.3.2.1, "According to the method in 8.3.3.3, the evaluation of SVSWR is in need of evaluation
Place the receiving antenna in the test space
," Corrected as "transmitting antenna."
This part is proposed and managed by the National Radio Interference Standardization Technical Committee (TC79/SC1).
This section drafted by. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Electronics Industry Standardization Institute, China Institute of Metrology, Shanghai Electrical Science Research
Institute of Research, Southeast University, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Fifth Institute of Electronics, Beijing Jiaotong University.
The main drafters of this section. Chen Yu, Xie Ming, Cui Qiang, Huang Pan, Zhou Zhongyuan, Zhu Liwen, Liang Dongdong, Hu Jingsen, Wen Yinghong, Zheng Junqi,
Meng Donglin.
The previous versions of the standards replaced by this section are.
---GB/T 6113.104-2008.
Radio disturbance and immunity measurement equipment and measurements
Method Specification Part 1-4. Radio
Harassment and immunity measurement equipment radiation harassment
Measuring antenna and test site
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 6113 specifies the characteristics and performance requirements of the radiation disturbance measuring equipment. The applicable frequency range is 9 kHz~
18GHz. This section includes measurement antennas and test site specifications.
Note. According to the IEC 107 guidelines, CISPR16-1-1 is the basic EMC standard used by the IEC product committee. As stated in the IEC 107 guidelines, products
The committee is responsible for determining the applicability of the EMC standard. CISPR and its subcommittees (corresponding to the domestic SAC/TC79 technical committee and
Its subcommittees work with these product committees to evaluate the value of specific trials for their specific products. The above product committee corresponds to the country
Internal related product technical committee.
The requirements of this section apply to all frequencies and all levels of radiated disturbances within the CISPR indication range of the measuring equipment.
The measurement method of radiated disturbance is specified in GB/T 6113.203. More information on radio disturbances is in GB /Z 6113.3
Given in . Uncertainty, statistics, and limit modeling are given in Section 4 of GB/T 6113.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the dated version applies to this article.
Pieces. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 4365-2003 Electromagnetic terminology electromagnetic compatibility [IEC 60050 (161)..1990 A1..1997 A2..1998, IDT]
GB/T 6113.101-2016 Radio disturbance and immunity measuring equipment and measuring methods - Part 1-1. Radio disturbances
And immunity measuring equipment measuring equipment (CISPR16-1-1..2010 A1.2010, IDT)
GB/T 6113.105-2008 - Radio disturbance and immunity measuring equipment and measuring methods - Part 1-5. Radio disturbance
And immunity measuring equipment 30MHz~1000MHz antenna calibration test site (CISPR16-1-5.2003, IDT)
GB/T 6113.203-2016 Radio disturbance and immunity measuring equipment and measuring methods - Part 2-3. Radio disturbances
And immunity measurement methods for radiation disturbance measurements (CISPR16-2-3.2010, IDT)
GB/T 17626.20-2014 Electromagnetic compatibility - Part 4-20. Test and measurement techniques - Emissions in transverse electromagnetic (TEM) waveguides
And immunity test (IEC 61000-4-20.2010, IDT)
CISPR/T R16-3.2003 A1.2005 A2.2006 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring equipment and measuring methods
Part 3. CISPR Technical Report (Specificationforradiodisturbanceandimmunitymeasuringapparatusand
methods-Part 3.CISPRtechnicalreports)
CISPR16-4-2 Specification for Radioacoustic and Immunity Measurement Equipment and Measurement Methods - Part 4-2. Uncertainty, Statistics and
Limit modeling to measure the uncertainty of equipment and facilities (Specificationforradiodisturbanceandimmunitymeasuring
apparatusandmethods-Part 4-2. Uncertainties, statisticsandlimitmodeling-Easurementinstru-
Mentuncertainty)
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
GB/T 6113.101-2016, GB/T 6113.105-2008 and GB/T 4365-2003 define the following terms, definitions and
Abbreviations apply to this document.
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1
Antenna antenna
A portion of a transmitting or receiving system designed to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves in a specific manner.
Note 1. In this standard, the balun is considered part of the antenna.
Note 2. This term includes several types of devices, such as wire antennas, free-space resonant dipoles, composite antennas, and horn antennas.
3.1.2
Balun balun
A passive electrical network used for transmission lines or devices from balanced to unbalanced or unbalanced to balanced.
3.1.3
Antenna calibration test site calibrationtestsite; CALTS
An open test site with a metal ground plane that strictly defines the field attenuation performance of horizontally polarized and vertically polarized electric fields.
Note 1. CALTS is used to determine the antenna coefficient of the antenna in free space.
Note 2. The CALTS site attenuation measurement results are used to compare the corresponding site attenuation measurements with the compliance test site to evaluate the compliance test.
The performance of the venue.
3.1.4
Common mode absorption device commonmodeabsorptiondevice;CMAD
In radiation emission measurements, a device placed on a cable that leaves the test space to reduce the uncertainty of standard compliance.
3.1.5
Conformity test site testtestsite; COMTS
A valid and repeatable environment for EUT disturbance field strength measurements to be compared to compliance limits.
3.1.6
Cross-polarresponse
A measure of the suppression of the cross-polarization field when the antenna is rotated in an on-line polarized electromagnetic field, the phase and amplitude of the electromagnetic field within the aperture of the antenna under test
The values are the same.
3.1.7
Full anechoic room fulyanechoicroom; FAR
The inner surface is equipped with a shielded chamber of a radio frequency absorbing material (ie, an RF absorber) that absorbs the frequency range of interest
Electromagnetic energy.
3.1.8
Free space resonant dipole free-space-resonantdipole
A wire antenna consisting of two collinear straight conductors of the same length, the two conductors being placed end to end, separated by a small gap. Each conductor
The length is approximately 1/4 wavelength, so that when the dipole is in free space, the line antenna measured at both ends of the gap at a specific frequency
The input impedance is a pure real number.
Note 1. In the context of this section, the line antenna connected to the balun is also referred to as the “test antenna”.
Note 2. This line antenna is also called "tuned dipole".
3.1.9
Composite antenna hybridantenna
For a conventional wire vibrator log-periodic dipole array (LPDA) antenna, the extension of the spindle at its open end adds a pair of broadband dipoles.
The sub-band (for example, double cone or butterfly) makes the LPDA infinite balun (spindle) a voltage source for the broadband dipole.
Common mode chokes are typically used at the end of the spindle to minimize parasitic (unexpected) RF power on the outer conductor of the coaxial cable.
The stream flows into the receiver.
3.1.10
Insertion loss insertionloss
The loss generated by the device inserted into the transmission line is expressed as the ratio of the insertion point voltage before and after the device is inserted.
This ratio is equal to the reciprocal of the transmission line S parameter, ie 1/S21.
3.1.11
Antenna with low uncertainty low-uncertaintyantenna
A double-cone or log-periodic dipole array antenna that satisfies the balance and cross-polarization performance requirements of this part and has stable performance in space
When the field strength is measured at the specified point, the uncertainty of the antenna coefficient is less than 0.5 dB.
Note. See A.2.3 for more detailed information.
3.1.12
Quasi-free space test site quasifree-spacetestsite
A facility for radiated emissions measurements or antenna calibration designed to achieve free space conditions.
Minimize unwanted reflections from the environment to meet site compliance for radiated emissions measurements or antenna calibration procedures
Criterion.
3.1.13
Reflection coefficient
The ratio of the reflected wave to the same physical quantity as the incident wave.
Therefore, the voltage reflection coefficient is defined as the ratio of the complex voltage of the reflected wave to the complex voltage of the incident wave. Voltage reflection coefficient is equal to scattering
Parameter S11.
3.1.14
Scattering parameters (S parameters) scatteringparameters(S-parameters)
A set of four parameters used to describe the performance of a two-port network inserted into a transmission line.
3.1.15
Semi-anechoic chamber; semi-anechoicchamber; SAC
A shielded chamber containing an absorbing material (ie, an RF absorber) on the inner surface except the metal floor, the absorbing material capable of absorbing the frequency of interest
Electromagnetic energy within the range.
3.1.16
Short-open-load-through-calibration method short-open-open-load-throughcalibrationmethod; SOLT
Through-open-short-match calibration method through-open-short-matchcalibrationmethod;TOSM
Use a standard kit of 3 known impedances (short circuit, open circuit and match/load) and a transmission standard kit (straight pass) to divide the vector network
The calibration method used by the analyzer for calibration.
The SOLT method is widely used, and it is necessary to use a calibration kit with a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω. Complete ends
The port error model consists of 6 error terms for each of the forward and reverse directions, for a total of 12 independent error terms, and 12 reference measurements are required for calibration.
3.1.17
Site attenuation siteattenuation
When one antenna moves vertically within a specified height range and another antenna is erected at a fixed height, this is located on the test site.
The minimum field insertion loss measured between two pairs of polarization matched antennas.
3.1.18
Site insertion loss siteinsertionloss
A direct electrical connection between the output of the signal generator and the input of the receiver is placed at the specified location on the test site
When the receiving antenna is replaced, the transmission signal is lost between the pair of antennas.
3.1.19
Test space testvolume
The space occupied by the EUT in the FAR.
Note. In this test space, the conditions of the quasi-free space should be satisfied, and the typical distance of the space from the absorbing material in the FAR is 0.5m or
farther.
3.1.20
Through-reflection-transmission line (TRL) calibration through-reflect-line (TRL) calibration
Internal or external calibration of vector network analyzers using standard components of 3 known impedances (straight through, reflection and transmission lines)
Calibration method. This calibration requires 4 reference measurements.
3.1.21
Vector network analyzer vectornetworkanalyzer; VNA
A network analyzer capable of measuring four S-parameters S11, S12, S21 and S22 complex values.
3.1.22
Antenna coefficient antennafactor; AF
Fa
The ratio of the electric field strength of the incident plane wave to the voltage generated on the specified load (typically 50 Ω) to which the antenna is connected.
Note 1. Fa i......
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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