GB/T 44153-2024 PDF English
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General technical requirements for glazing materials used in power-driven vehicles
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GB/T 44153-2024: PDF in English (GBT 44153-2024) GB/T 44153-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.040.60
CCS T 26
General Technical Requirements for Glazing Materials Used
in Power-Driven Vehicles
ISSUED ON. JUNE 29, 2024
IMPLEMENTED ON. JANUARY 1, 2025
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 5
1 Scope... 6
2 Normative References... 6
3 Terms and Definitions... 7
4 Classification... 11
5 Technical Requirements... 12
5.1 General... 12
5.2 Thickness deviation... 12
5.3 Dimensional deviation... 13
5.4 Curvature tolerance... 15
5.5 Overlap difference... 16
5.6 Appearance quality... 17
5.7 Edge quality... 20
5.8 Marking quality... 21
5.9 Visible light transmittance... 22
5.10 Solar properties... 22
5.11 Secondary image deviation... 23
5.12 Optical distortion... 23
5.13 Pedestrian impact safety... 23
5.14 Head model impact performance... 23
5.15 Penetration resistance... 23
5.16 Impact resistance... 23
5.17 Fragmentation state... 24
5.18 Flammability resistance... 24
5.19 Chemical corrosion resistance... 24
5.20 Abrasion resistance... 24
5.21 Heat resistance... 24
5.22 Radiation resistance... 25
5.23 Moisture resistance... 25
5.24 Temperature change resistance... 26
5.25 Simulated weather resistance... 26
5.26 Flexibility and folding test... 26
General Technical Requirements for Glazing Materials Used
in Power-Driven Vehicles
1 Scope
This Document specifies the terms and definitions, classification, technical requirements, test
methods, inspection rules, packaging, transportation and storage for glazing materials used in
power-driven vehicles.
This Document applies to glazing materials used in power-driven vehicles including Types-M,
-N, -O, and -L vehicles with cabs, as well as agricultural and forestry special vehicles.
This Document does not apply to glass for power-driven vehicle lighting and signal devices
and instrument panels.
Note. For the classification of Types-L, -M, -N, and -O vehicles, see GB/T 15089.
2 Normative References
The provisions in following documents become the essential provisions of this Document
through reference in this Document. For the dated documents, only the versions with the dates
indicated are applicable to this Document; for the undated documents, only the latest version
(including all the amendments) is applicable to this Document.
GB/T 5137.1-2020 Test methods of safety glazing materials used on road vehicles—Part
1.Mechanical properties tests
GB/T 5137.2 Test methods of safety glazing materials used on road vehicles - Part 2.
Optical properties tests
GB/T 5137.3 Test methods of safety glazing materials used on road vehicles - Part 3.
Radiation, high temperature, humidity, fire and simulated weathering resistance tests
GB/T 5137.4 Test methods of safety glazing materials used on road vehicles - Part 4.
Determination of solar characteristic
GB/T 5137.5 Test methods of safety glazing materials used on road vehicles - Part 5.
Resistant-to-chemical and resistant-to-temperature changes test
GB 9656-2021 Safety technical specification for glazing materials used in power-driven
Safety glass that is made of single-layer glass through special heat treatment to increase its
mechanical strength and can control the state of its fragments after breaking.
[SOURCE. QC/T 1119-2019, 2.1.4]
3.5 Laminated safety glass
Safety glass that is made of two or more layers of glass bonded together with one or more
interlayers.
[SOURCE. QC/T 1119-2019, 2.1.5]
3.6 Glass-plastic safety glazing material
It is composed of one or more layers of inorganic materials and one or more layers of organic
materials, and after installation, the side facing the passenger is organic material.
[SOURCE. QC/T 1119-2019, 2.1.2]
3.7 Insulating safety glazing unit
A glass assembly that is any combination of tempered safety glass, laminated safety glass and
plastic-glass composite materials, evenly separated by spacers, and sealed by bonding around
the perimeter.
[SOURCE. GB 9656-2021, 3.7]
3.8 Rigid plastic glazing pane
Organic polymer materials that maintain their structural rigidity within the intended use range.
[SOURCE. QC/T 1119-2019, 2.1.3.1]
3.9 Insulating rigid plastic glazing panes unit
A rigid plastic assembly that is composed of two or more rigid plastic glasses, separated by
spacer strips or other spacing methods, and bonded and sealed around the periphery to form a
dry gas space between the rigid plastic layers.
3.10 Safety glazing faced with plastic material
Glass that is made by sticking plastic film on the inner surface of tempered safety glass,
laminated safety glass or insulating safety glazing unit composed of tempered safety glass
and/or laminated safety glass.
[SOURCE. GB 9656-2021, 3.9]
3.11 Windscreen
4.4 According to the shape, it is divided into flat glazing materials used in power-driven vehicles
and curved glazing materials used in power-driven vehicles. Curved glazing materials used in
power-driven vehicles is further divided into single curved glazing materials used in power-
driven vehicles and compound curved glazing materials used in power-driven vehicles.
5 Technical Requirements
5.1 General
5.1.1 Laminated safety glass, plastic-glass safety glazing material and tempered safety glass are
applicable to any part of a power-driven vehicle. When tempered safety glass is used for the
windscreen, it is only applicable to vehicles with a design speed of less than 40 km/h; insulating
safety glazing unit, rigid plastic glazing pane and insulating rigid plastic glazing panes unit are
applicable to any glass panes other than windscreen.
5.1.2 The glazing materials used in power-driven vehicles that are used as a substrate of safety
glazing faced with plastic material shall comply with the provisions of the corresponding
clauses of this Document. The functional film used for safety glazing faced with plastic material
shall comply with the requirements of QC/T 1170.In addition to meeting the requirements
specified in this Document, the safety glazing faced with plastic material shall also meet the
requirements of GB/T 31849.
5.1.3 The glazing materials used in power-driven vehicles constituting safety insulating safety
glazing unit shall also meet the corresponding technical requirements specified in this
Document.
5.1.4 When the glazing materials used in power-driven vehicles claim to have other functional
characteristics other than the inspection items specified in this Document, such as color change,
anti-theft, sound insulation, heat insulation or bulletproof, etc.; the functional characteristics
shall meet the requirements of the corresponding functional product standards. If there is no
corresponding product standard for the functional characteristics, it shall be agreed upon by the
supplier and the purchaser.
5.1.5 The windows of Types-M1 and -N1 vehicles should meet the Class I requirements in
terms of size deviation, curvature tolerance, overlap difference, appearance quality and edge
quality.
5.2 Thickness deviation
The thickness tolerance range of glazing materials used in power-driven vehicles should meet
the requirements of Table 1.If there are special requirements, the appropriate tolerance range
can be formulated with reference to GB 11614 or agreed upon by the supplier and the purchaser.
When the sum of the nominal thickness of the intermediate layer of the laminated safety glass
and the plastic-glass safety glazing material is less than or equal to 0.76mm, the thickness
deviation of the intermediate layer should not be considered. When the sum of the nominal
5.28 Edge stress
The edge compressive stress of laminated safety glass and glass-plastic safety glazing material
shall be no less than 7MPa; and the edge tensile stress should be no more than 7MPa; and the
compressive stress at the same measuring position shall be greater than the tensile stress. If the
laminated safety glass and glass-plastic safety glazing material are treated by other processes
such as thermal strengthening and chemical strengthening, their edge stress shall be determined
through negotiation between the supplier and the purchaser.
5.29 Dew point
The dew point of insulating safety glazing unit shall be lower than -40℃.
5.30 Accelerated durability
After the test, the dew point of insulating safety glazing unit shall be lower than -35℃.
6 Test Method
6.1 General
6.1.1 If the test item has no effect on the performance of the specimen, the specimen can be
used to continue the test of other items. When a special test piece is used for testing, the test
piece shall be produced with the same structure, material and process conditions as the product.
6.1.2 Unless otherwise specified, the film-coating process of the safety glazing faced with
plastic material specimen shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 31848.
6.1.3 Unless otherwise specified, the relevant test methods for insulating rigid plastic glazing
panes unit are the same as those for rigid plastic glazing pane.
6.2 Thickness deviation
6.2.1 Specimen
The product is a specimen.
6.2.2 Apparatus
6.2.2.1 Rigid plastic glazing pane and insulating rigid plastic glazing panes unit
A micrometer with a graduation value of 0.1mm. Other measuring instruments with equal or
higher accuracy may also be used.
6.2.2.2 Other glazing materials used in power-driven vehicles except rigid plastic glazing
pane and insulating rigid plastic glazing panes unit
A micrometer with a graduation value of 0.01mm. Other measuring instruments with equal or
higher accuracy may also be used.
6.2.3 Test procedures
6.2.3.1 Other glazing materials used in power-driven vehicles except insulating rigid
plastic glazing panes unit
For other glass except head-up display windscreen, measure the thickness at the midpoint of
each side of the specimen, and take the arithmetic mean of the measurement results as the
thickness of the specimen. The head-up display windscreen should be measured at the minimum
and maximum thickness positions provided by the manufacturer. Safety glazing faced with
plastic material should be measured after removing the film layer AND the glue layer between
the film layer and the glass. If there are special requirements, it can also be measured together
with the film. Rigid plastic glazing pane shall be placed at a temperature of 23℃±2℃ and a
relative humidity of 50%±5% for at least 48 h before thickness measurement. The thickness
deviation of the specimen is the measured value of the specimen thickness minus the nominal
value.
6.2.3.2 Insulating rigid plastic glazing panes unit
6.2.3.2.1 Before measuring the thickness, the specimen shall be placed at a temperature of
23℃±2℃ and a relative humidity of 50%±5% for at least 48 h.
6.2.3.2.2 Measure the thickness at the midpoint of each side of the specimen, and take the
arithmetic mean of the measurement results as the edge thickness of the specimen.
6.2.3.2.3 Measure the thickness at the geometric center of the specimen and use this thickness
as the center thickness of the specimen. The specimen shall be placed vertically during
measurement, and the geometric center of the specimen shall be prevented from being deformed
by force.
6.2.3.2.4 Measure the thickness of the hollow cavity at the geometric center of the specimen
and use this thickness as the center air layer thickness of the specimen. If the center air layer
thickness of the specimen cannot be measured while maintaining the integrity of the specimen,
the specimen can be destroyed before measurement. When destroying, care shall be taken to
avoid deformation of the plastic at the measuring point. Measure the center thickness of the
specimen before destruction; and measure the thickness of each rigid plastic sheet at the
geometric center of the specimen after destruction. The center air layer thickness of the
specimen minus the thickness of each rigid plastic sheet is taken as the center air layer thickness
of the specimen. It shall be noted that the result is directly measured or calculated.
6.2.3.2.5 The thickness deviation of the specimen is the actual value of the specimen thickness
minus the nominal value.
6.2.4 Rounding of values
6.3.3.5 If there are support pins or nails when the specimen is installed, the sample rack or
inspection fixture shall also be designed with the same support pins or nails as the actual
installation, and the specimen shall be measured close to it.
6.3.3.6 The results shall be rounded to 0.1mm.
6.4 Curvature tolerance
6.4.1 Specimen
The product shall be used as a specimen.
6.4.2 Device
The same test device as specified in 6.3.2.
6.4.3 Test procedures
Place the product on the test sample rack or inspection fixture according to the method in 6.3.3;
and measure the gap between the product and the test sample rack or inspection fixture, which
is basically perpendicular to the surface of the sample rack or inspection fixture. The
measurement points and quantity can be agreed upon by the supplier and the purchaser; and the
maximum measured gap is used as the curvature tolerance of the specimen. The result is
rounded to 0.1mm. If there are support pins or nails when the specimen is installed, the sample
rack or inspection fixture shall also be designed with the same support pins or nails as the actual
installation. The specific measurement method can be agreed upon by the supplier and the
purchaser.
6.5 Overlap difference
6.5.1 Specimen
The product is used as a specimen.
6.5.2 Device
The following device is used for the test, and other measuring instruments with equal or higher
accuracy can also be used.
a) Feeler gauge with a graduation value of 0.1mm;
b) Steel ruler with a graduation value of 1mm.
6.5.3 Test procedures
Use a steel ruler, feeler gauge and other auxiliary devices, such as a straight thin wire, to
measure around the specimen and read the maximum overlap difference value of the specimen.
The overlap difference is shown in Figure 6.The result is rounded to 0.1 mm.
6.6.3.1 Bubbles, point defects, stones, mold marks, hook marks, surface stains, mildew
and glue layer defects of the original sheet
Observe the specimen at a close distance under good natural light or scattered light conditions;
measure the maximum size of bubbles, point defects, stones, hook marks and glue layer defects
of the original sheet with a reading microscope; and measure the distance between defects and
the distance BETWEEN mold marks, hook marks, debonding and discoloration of the glue
layer AND the edge of the glass with a steel ruler. The defect size is rounded to 0.1mm; and the
defect spacing and the distance between the defect and the glass edge are rounded to 1mm.
6.6.3.2 Lines, cracks and scratches
Place the specimen vertically in a room without direct sunlight, with the outer surface of the
specimen facing the frosted glass of the appearance quality tester, and the tangent plane of the
sample's geometric center is basically parallel to the frosted glass; ensuring that the center point
of the specimen is about 200mm away from the frosted glass. Observe the appearance defects
of the specimen at a position 500mm behind the specimen, and record the visible lines, cracks
and scratches at this time. Use a steel ruler and a reading microscope to measure the size of the
scratches and the distance between the scratches. The scratch size is rounded to 0.1mm, and the
distance between the scratches is rounded to 1mm.
6.6.3.3 Wave ribs
Observe the wave ribs of the glass under good natural light or scattered light conditions; or the
supplier and the purchaser can formulate reasonable test methods according to the vehicle type
and the actual state of the glass when it is installed in the vehicle.
6.7 Edge quality
6.7.1 Specimen
The product is used as a specimen.
6.7.2 Device
If the following device is used for the test, other measuring instruments with equal or higher
accuracy shall also be used.
a) Reading microscope with a division value of 0.01mm;
b) Steel ruler with a division value of 1mm.
6.7.3 Test procedures
Under good natural light or scattered light conditions, observe the edge quality of the specimen
at a close distance; and measure the defect size and defect spacing with a steel ruler or reading
microscope. The defect size is rounded to 0.1mm, and the defect spacing is rounded to 1mm.
6.8 Marking quality
6.8.1 Specimen
The product is used as a specimen.
6.8.2 Device
If the following device is used for the test, other measuring instruments with equal or higher
accuracy shall also be used.
a) Steel ruler with a graduation value of 1mm;
b) Angle ruler with a graduation value of 5'.
6.8.3 Test procedures
Under good natural light or scattered light conditions, observe the format and appearance of the
mark facing the specimen at a distance of 500mm from the outer surface of the specimen. Use
a steel ruler and an angle ruler to verify the position and size of the actual pattern of the
specimen mark according to the mark drawing given by the manufacturer. When measuring the
position deviation, the deviation in the right direction of the horizontal axis observed from the
outer surface of the specimen is the positive deviation; the deviation in the left direction is the
negative deviation; and the deviation in the upward direction of the longitudinal axis is the
positive deviation; and the deviation in the downward direction is the negative deviation. The
measurement results of the dimensional deviation are rounded to 0.1mm; and the measurement
results of the angular deviation are rounded to 0.1°.
6.9 Visible light transmittance
The test is carried out according to the method specified in GB/T 5137.2.When the product is
used as the specimen, measure the flatter part of the test area; for head-up display windscreen
products, measure the flatter and thicker part of the test area.
6.10 Solar properties
Measure the visible light reflectance of the specimen according to the method specified in GB/T
5137.2; and measure other solar properties of the specimen according to the method specified
in GB/T 5137.4.For head-up display windscreen specimens, it should mark whether it is cut
from the head-up display functional area or prepared sample according to the characteristics of
the head-up display functional area.
6.11 Secondary image deviation
Test according to the method specified in GB/T 5137.2.When the position of the window
opening cannot be clearly indicated on the surface of the windscreen, the edge of the windscreen
shall prevail.
6.13.6.1 Place the specimen at a temperature of 20℃±5℃ and a relative humidity of 40%~80%
for at least 4 h before testing.
6.13.6.2 Place the specimen on the specimen support device and tighten it well according to the
actual installation method of the glass on the vehicle.
6.13.6.3 Install the impact body on the drop device; raise the impact body so that it is directly
above the impact area; and the vertical distance between the lowest point of the impact body
and the projection of this point on the outer surface of the specimen is 6300mm±25mm.
6.13.6.4 Release the impact body and make it fall vertically to impact the surface of the
specimen, and only impact once. It shall be ensured that the drop device or data transmission
cable cannot exert external force on the human head model.
6.13.6.5 Record the X-axis deceleration αx, Y-axis deceleration αy and Z-axis deceleration αz
generated by the impact body impacting the specimen relative to time t; and generate a
deceleration curve.
6.13.6.6 After the impact is completed, check whether the edge of the specimen in the frame
moves more than 2mm. If it exceeds 2mm, the test is considered invalid and a new specimen
shall be replaced and retested.
6.13.6.7 Calculate the head injury criteria (HIC) value according to the method in 9.2.6 of GB/T
5137.1-2020, and retain the calculated value to one digit after the decimal point.
6.14 Head model impact performance
The test shall be conducted in accordance with the method specified in GB/T 5137.1.The
human head model impact test without deceleration shall be conducted on laminated safety
glass, glass-plastic safety glazing material and insulating safety glazing unit; and the human
head model impact test with deceleration shall be conducted on rigid plastic glazing pane and
insulating rigid plastic glazing panes unit.
6.15 Penetration resistance
The test shall be conducted in accordance with the method specified in GB/T 5137.1.
6.16 Impact resistance
The test shall be conducted in accordance with the method specified in GB/T 5137.1.Among
them, rigid plastic glazing pane and insulating rigid plastic glazing panes unit shall only be
tested at low temperature. The impact height of insulating rigid plastic glazing panes unit is the
impact height corresponding to the rigid plastic layer on its outer side. When applicable,
insulating rigid plastic glazing panes unit may also be tested using only the rigid plastic layer
on its outer side.
6.17 Fragmentation state
The test shall be conducted in accordance with the method specified in GB/T 5137.1.
6.18 Flammability resistance
The glass-plastic safety glazing material, rigid plastic glazing pane and insulating rigid plastic
glazing panes unit shall be tested in accordance with the method specified in GB/T 5137.3.The
insulating rigid plastic glazing panes unit shall provide double specimens to test the surface
facing passengers and the surface facing the outside of the vehicle when installed in the actual
vehicle. The insulating rigid plastic glazing panes unit can also provide two disassembled rigid
plastic layers for separate testing; but the surface facing the flame during the test shall be the
surface facing passengers and the surface facing the outside of the vehicle when installed in the
actual vehicle.
6.19 Chemical corrosion resistance
According to the method specified in GB/T 5137.5, the glass-plastic safety glazing material is
tested by immersion method; and rigid plastic glazing pane and insulating rigid plastic glazing
panes unit are tested by immersion method and load method. The load method only requires
brushing the surface subjected to tensile stress when installed in the actual vehicle.
6.20 Abrasion resistance
The test shall be carried out according to the method specified in GB/T 5137.1; thereof, the
outer surface of rigid plastic glazing pane and insulating rigid plastic glazing panes unit used
in the driver's visual area outside the windscreen shall be ground for 1000r; and the outer surface
of rigid plastic glazing pane and insulating rigid plastic glazing panes unit used in the non-
driver's visual area outside the windscreen shall be ground for 500r. For insulating rigid plastic
glazing panes and products with a thickness of more than 20mm, a flat test piece made of the
material of the product to be ground can be used as the specimen; and the surface state of the
specimen to be ground shall be the same as that of the product. For safety glazing faced with
plastic material, a film of about 100mm×100mm is attached to a 3mm flat glass of the same
size with a visible light transmittance of (90±2)% to make a specimen. The test equipment and
procedures shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 5137.1.The surface to be ground is the
film surface, and the number of revolutions is 100r. The calculated results of the haze change
are expressed as a percentage and rounded to 0.1%.
6.21 Heat resistance
The test is carried out according to the method specified in GB/T 5137.3.
6.22 Radiation resistance
The test laminated safety glass and glass-plastic safety glazing material according to the method
specified in GB/T 5137.3.For safety glazing faced with plastic material, test according to the
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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