GB/T 42323-2023 PDF English
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Water for lead acid storage battery
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GB/T 42323-2023: PDF in English (GBT 42323-2023) GB/T 42323-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 29.220.20
CCS K 84
Water for Lead Acid Storage Battery
(IEC 62877-2:2016, Electrolyte and Water for Vented Lead Acid Accumulators - Part
2: Requirements for Water, MOD)
ISSUED ON: MARCH 17, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON: OCTOBER 1, 2023
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative References ... 5
3 Terms and Definitions ... 5
4 Requirements ... 6
5 Test Methods ... 7
6 Inspection Rules ... 18
7 Marking, Packaging, Transportation and Storage ... 19
Water for Lead Acid Storage Battery
1 Scope
This document specifies the requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, packaging,
transportation and storage of water for lead acid storage batteries.
This document is applicable to water for lead acid storage batteries.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 601 Chemical Reagent - Preparations of Standard Volumetric Solutions
GB/T 602 Chemical Reagent - Preparations of Standard Solutions for Impurity (ISO 6353-
1:1982, NEQ)
GB/T 603 Chemical Reagent - Preparations of Reagent Solutions for Use in Test Methods (ISO
6353-1:1982, NEQ)
GB/T 9724 Chemical Reagent - General Rule for the Determination of pH (ISO 6353-1:1982,
NEQ)
GB/T 9740 Chemical Reagent - General Method for the Determination of Dry Residue after
Evaporation (ISO 6353-1:1982, NEQ)
GB/T 11446.1 Electronic Grade Water
GB/T 23942 Chemical Reagent - General Rules for Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic
Emission Spectrometry
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions are applicable to this document.
3.1 water for lead acid storage battery
Water for lead acid storage battery refers to water used for lead acid battery plate preparation,
electrolyte preparation, replacement (replenishment) of water lost in electrolyte due to charging
5 Test Methods
5.1 Sampling
5.1.1 In accordance with this document, carry out the test. 5 L of sample shall be taken.
5.1.2 Before sampling, use the water to be tested to repeatedly wash the container. During
sampling, avoid contamination, and the sample shall be filled in a clean and airtight plastic or
glass container. If the test cannot be carried out in time, the sample shall be stored in a
refrigerator at 4 C.
5.2 Appearance
In a brightly lit room, visually inspect whether the color of the water surface of the sample is
colorless and transparent.
5.3 Residue Content
5.3.1 Instruments
The instruments required for the test are as follows:
a) Rotary evaporator, equipped with a 500 mL distillation bottle;
b) Constant-temperature water bath;
c) Evaporating dish: it can be made of platinum, quartz and borosilicate glass;
d) Electric oven: the temperature can be controlled at 105 C 2 C;
e) Analytical balance: with a division value of 0.1 mg.
5.3.2 Determination steps
5.3.2.1 Sample pre-concentration
Weigh-take 500 g (or measure-take 500 mL) of the sample; by separate times, add the sample
to the distillation bottle of the rotary evaporator; on a constant-temperature water bath,
evaporate it under reduced pressure (avoid evaporation to dryness). When the sample is finally
evaporated to about 50 mL, stop heating.
5.3.2.2 Determination
Transfer the above-mentioned pre-concentrated sample to an evaporating dish with a constant
mass at 105 C 2 C; use 5 g ~ 10 g (or 5 mL ~ 10 mL) of the pre-concentrated sample to
wash the distillation bottle for 2 ~ 3 times. Combine the washing solution and the pre-
concentrated sample in the evaporating dish and conduct the determination in accordance with
GB/T 9740.
and conduct a blank test. After determining a certain number of samples, a standard sample
shall be analyzed, so as to monitor these interferences.
5.4.2.2 The samples shall be analyzed as soon as possible. The longer the storage time, the
larger the possibility of contamination. If immediate analysis is not possible, seal the sample
bottle in a plastic bag and store it in a refrigerator at 4 C.
5.4.2.3 During the arbitration of the determination of lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), tin
(Sn), bismuth (Bi), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co),
nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr) and manganese (Mn) contents, adopt the atomic absorption
spectrophotometry.
5.4.3 Reagents and preparation methods for reagent solutions
5.4.3.1 Water for the blank
EW-I electronic grade water specified in GB/T 11446.1.
5.4.3.2 Nitric acid
ρ = 1.42 g/mL, prepare with MOS grade and above nitric acid.
5.4.3.3 Hydrochloric acid
1 + 1 (volume fraction), prepare with MOS grade and above hydrochloric acid.
5.4.3.4 Standard solutions
The standard substances used are respectively: lead GBW(E)080537, antimony GBW(E)
080545, arsenic GBW(E)080530, tin GBW(E)080546, bismuth GBW(E)080271, copper
GBW(E)080122, cadmium GBW08612, zinc GBW08620, selenium GBW(E)080215,
tellurium GBW(E)080548, iron GBW08616, cobalt GBW08613, nickel GBW08618,
chromium GBW08614 and manganese GBW(E)080157 or BW series water quality standard
solutions.
5.4.4 Instruments
5.4.4.1 Atomic absorption spectrophotometer
It includes four parts: hollow cathode lamp, graphite furnace (or flame atomizer), spectroscopic
system and detection and recording system, etc.
5.4.4.2 Sample injector
Automatic sample injector or micro sampler, and sprayer for flame atomization.
5.4.4.3 Polyethylene volumetric flask
The volume is as follows:
Absorb-take a certain amount of sample into the graphite tube (or spray the sample into the
flame), determine the absorbance, then, through the working curve, check the element content
corresponding to the absorbance.
5.5 Determination of Lead (Pb), Antimony (Sb), Arsenic (As), Tin (Sn), Bismuth
(Bi), Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), Selenium (Se), Iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co),
Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr) and Manganese (Mn) Content - Inductively Coupled
Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectrometry
In accordance with the method specified in GB/T 23942, conduct the detection.
5.6 Determination of Iron (Fe) Content - Spectrophotometry
5.6.1 Principle
Ferrous ions react with o-phenanthroline in aqueous solution and generate an orange-red
complex, with an absorption peak at 510 nm, and the absorbance of the colored solution is
proportional to the concentration of the ferrous ions. The color intensity does not change
between pH 3 ~ 9 and is stable for a long time.
5.6.2 Instruments
The instruments required for the test are as follows:
a) Spectrophotometer;
b) 50 mL volumetric flask, 100 mL volumetric flask, pipette.
5.6.3 Reagents and preparation methods for reagents
The reagents and preparation methods for reagents are as follows:
a) Hydrochloric acid 1 + 9 (volume fraction), prepared with analytically pure and above
grade hydrochloric acid;
b) Nitric acid: 1 + 1 (volume fraction), prepared with analytically pure and above grade
nitric acid;
c) Ammonia water: analytically pure and above grade;
d) 1,10-phenanthroline (2 g/L): prepared in accordance with the stipulations of GB/T
603;
e) Hydroxylamine hydrochloride: analytically pure, 10% solution;
f) Ferrous standard solution (0.001 mg/mL): prepare 0.1 mg/mL ferrous standard
solution in accordance with the stipulations of GB/T 602, measure-take 1.00 mL of
ferrous standard solution (0.1 mg/mL) in a 100 mL volumetric flask, dilute to the scale
and shake it well;
column, suppression column (or suppressor), electrical conductivity detector and data
processing, etc. When analyzing anions in water, the separation column is filled with cation
exchange resin with a low exchange capacity, and the eluent is diluted alkaline solution. When
the eluent and the specimen flow through the separation column, at this moment, the cations in
the specimen and the eluent smoothly pass through, and the anions A (A: CI, NO3, etc.) to be
tested in the specimen compete with the anions in the eluent to replace the position of hydroxide
(OH) on the resin (RN+ OH) in the separation column. Flow out from the bottom of the
separation column. The separated ions to be tested, together with the eluent, enter the
suppression column (or suppressor). In the eluent, sodium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate,
which has a high specific conductance, is transformed into carbonic acid or water with an
extremely low ionization degree in the suppression column (or suppressor). The separated
anions to be tested smoothly pass through the suppression column (or suppressor), and flow out
in the form of acid with a high specific conductance.
The conductivity detector can record the chromatograms of chloride ion and nitrate ion within
a dozen of minutes, so as to quantitatively determine the content of each anion in the specimen.
5.7.2 Precautions
The precautions are as follows:
a) The environmental conditions shall be strictly controlled, and the instrument shall be
placed in an ultra-clean environment with an adjustable temperature;
b) When analyzing the specimen, after each analysis of the specimen, the water for the
blank shall be immediately injected;
c) The chromatograms of anions vary with the instrument parameters and working
conditions. For each determination, the standard solution shall be calibrated first to
determine the position of the chromatogram of each anion;
d) The samples shall be analyzed as soon as possible. The longer the storage time, the
larger the possibility of contamination. After the samples are collected, they shall be
stored in a refrigerator at 4 C;
e) During operation, gloves and masks shall be worn.
During the arbitration of the determination of nitrate (calculated by nitrogen) content, adopt the
ion chromatography.
5.7.3 Reagents and preparation methods for reagents
5.7.3.1 Water for the blank
EW-I electronic grade water specified in GB/T 11446.1.
5.7.3.2 Standard stock solutions
The standard stock solutions and the preparation methods are as follows:
a) Chloride standard stock solution (1 mL of solution contains 0.1 mg of Cl); accurately
weigh-take 0.1650 g of sodium chloride standard substance that has been burned at
500 C ~ 600 C to a constant mass, dissolve it in the water for blank and reach a
constant volume in a 1 L volumetric flask, dilute to the scale;
b) Nitrate standard stock solution (1 mL of solution contains 0.1 mg of N): accurately
weigh-take 0.7786 g of potassium nitrate standard substance (premium grade of purity)
that has been burned at 120 C ~ 130 C to a constant mass, dissolve it in the water
for blank and reach a constant volume in a 1 L volumetric flask, dilute to the scale.
5.7.3.3 Eluent
Weigh-take 6.30 g of sodium bicarbonate (premium grade of purity), dissolve it in for water for
blank, then, add 21.20 g of sodium carbonate (premium grade of purity), mix it well, and use
the water for blank to dilute it to 1 L. Thus, a stock solution for rinsing that contains 0.075
mol/L of sodium bicarbonate and 0.200 mol/L of sodium carbonate is prepared. Before use, use
the water for blank to dilute it by 100 times.
5.7.3.4 Regeneration solution (for suppression column only)
Dissolve 280 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid (MOS grade of purity) in an appropriate amount
of the water for blank, and dilute to 4 L. Thus, 1.25 mol/L sulfuric acid stock solution is prepared.
Before use, use the water for blank to dilute it by 100 times.
5.7.4 Instruments
The instruments required for the test are as follows:
a) High-efficiency ion chromatograph and accessories: such as: high-efficiency anion
separation column, trace analysis column, suppression column (or suppressor), guard
column, electrical conductivity detector and recording system, etc.;
b) Analytical balance: with a division value of 0.1 mg;
c) Adjustable polypropylene injector;
d) Glassware with complete specifications.
5.7.5 Determination steps
5.7.5.1 Preparation of standard series of solutions
Accurately measure-take an appropriate amount of standard stock solution and successively
step-by-step dilute it, so as to prepare a corresponding series of mixed standard solutions
containing chloride ions and nitrate ions.
5.8.3 Determination steps
Measure-take 5 mL of sample into a Nessler colorimetric tube, cool it in an ice bath, then, add
0.4 mL of 10% potassium chloride solution and 0.1 mL of 0.1% diphenylamine sulfuric acid
solution, shake it well. Slowly drop-wise add 5 mL of sulfuric acid and shake it well. Place the
colorimetric tube in a water bath at 50 C for 15 min.
Take 0.5 mL of standard potassium nitrate solution, add 4.5 mL of EW-I electronic grade water,
and shake it well. After the same treatment as the above-mentioned steps, compare the color,
and the color of the specimen shall not be darker than the control solution.
5.9 Determination of Potassium Permanganate Reducing Substance (calculated by
O) Content
5.9.1 Principle
Under acidic conditions, substances that can reduce potassium permanganate in the test solution
react with potassium permanganate to make the test solution fade. Add a standard amount of
potassium permanganate to the sample, if the potassium permanganate cannot completely react,
then, the solution will turn pink.
5.9.2 Reagents and preparation methods for reagents
The reagents and preparation methods for reagents are as follows:
a) 20% sulfuric acid solution: prepared in accordance with GB/T 603.
b) Water for blank: EW-I electronic grade water specified in GB/T 11446.1.
c) Potassium permanganate standard solution C (1/5 KMnO4) = 0.01 mol/L: in
accordance with the stipulations of GB/T 601, prepare 0.1 mol/L solution, then, use
the water for blank to dilute it by 10 times.
5.9.3 Determination steps
Measure-take 200 mL of sample and inject it into a beaker. Add 1.0 mL of 20% sulfuric acid
solution and mix it well.
In the above-mentioned acidified test solution, add 5.00 mL of potassium permanganate
titration solution [C (1/5 KMnO4) = 0.01 mol/L], mix it well, use a watch glass to cover it, heat
to boil and maintain it for 5 min. The pink color of the solution must not completely disappear.
5.10 Determination of Ammonia (calculated by nitrogen) Content
5.10.1 Principle
Ammonia reacts with alkaline potassium mercury iodide to generate a pale yellow to brownish
insoluble compound:
5.10.2 Reagents and preparation methods for reagents
Alkaline potassium mercury iodide test solution:
---Weigh-take 10 g of potassium iodide, place it in a beaker, add 10 mL of water to dissolve
it, then, slowly add saturated aqueous solution of mercuric dichloride, and stir as it is
added, until the generated red precipitate no longer dissolves.
---Add 30 g of potassium hydroxide, after dissolving, add 1 mL or more of saturated
aqueous solution of mercuric dichloride, transfer it into a 200 mL volumetric flask, and
use an appropriate amount of water to dilute it to the scale and shake it well. Transfer
it into a 200 mL reagent bottle, let it stand to generate precipitate. During use, take the
upper layer of clear solution.
Ammonium chloride solution [0.4 g/L (calculated by nitrogen)]: take 1.529 g of ammonium
chloride, place it in a 1,000 mL volumetric flask; add an appropriate amount of the water for
blank to dissolve it and dilute to the scale, and shake it well.
5.10.3 Determination steps
Take 50 mL of the sample to a Nessler colorimetric tube, then, add 2 mL of alkaline potassium
mercury iodide test solution and let it stand for 15 min.
Take 5 mL of ammonium chloride solution to the Nessler colorimetric tube, add 45 mL of the
water for blank and 2 mL of alkaline potassium mercury iodide test solution, and take it as a
control solution. The color of the specimen shall not be darker than that of the control solution.
5.11 Determination of Specific Conductance
5.11.1 Principle
At the same temperature, use a conductivity meter to determine the resistance of the sample
and the resistance of the potassium chloride solution whose specific conductance is already
known.
5.11.2 Instrument
Conductivity meter: equipped with the function of automatic temperature compensation; if it
does not have the function of temperature compensation, an “online” heat exchanger can be
installed to control the sample being tested at 20 C 1 C.
5.11.3 Determination steps
In accordance with the instruction manual of the conductivity meter used, and the following
steps, conduct the determination: preheating, zero adjustment, calibration, preheating and
(brown-yellow precipitate)
Conduct sampling at the water-using terminal, then, conduct the routine inspection. If there is
a disqualified item in the inspection results, re-conduct the sampling and inspection. If there is
still a disqualified item, then, this batch shall be determined as disqualified.
6.3.3 Frequency of inspection
The routine inspection shall be performed at least once a year. When the water production
conditions are changed, routine inspection shall also be performed.
7 Marking, Packaging, Transportation and Storage
7.1 Marking
The storage container of the water for lead acid storage batteries shall be attached with an
inspection certificate in a clearly visible position. The inspection certificate shall include the
following contents:
a) Product name and serial No. of the standard implemented;
b) Water production organization;
c) Date of production;
d) Weight;
e) Inspector’s signature and inspection date.
7.2 Packaging
The requirements for packaging are as follows:
a) Water for lead acid storage batteries shall be stored in an appropriate container, for
example, a container made of glass, hard rubber, polyethylene, polypropylene or other
plastic materials. The flexible hoses shall be made of PVC, rubber or polyethylene;
b) Since metal ions will easily be leached from metal containers, containers made of
metal shall not be used;
c) Water for lead acid storage batteries shall be stored in an airtight container, because
carbon dioxide (CO2) absorbed from the air will increase the specific conductance of
the water;
d) Before use, new container shall be soaked in hydrochloric acid solution (mass fraction:
20%) for 2 d ~ 3 d, then, repeatedly rinsed with the water to be filled, and filled with
the water to be filled and soaked for more than 6 h.
7.3 Transportation
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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