GB/T 4146.1-2020 PDF in English
GB/T 4146.1-2020 (GB/T4146.1-2020, GBT 4146.1-2020, GBT4146.1-2020)
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| GB/T 4146.1-2020 | English | 285 |
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Textiles -- Man-made fibres -- Part 1: Generic names
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| GB/T 4146.1-2009 | English | 140 |
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Textiles -- Man-made fibres -- Part 1: Generic names
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| GB/T 4146-1984 | English | 519 |
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Textile terms and terminology (parts of chemical fibers)
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Standards related to (historical): GB/T 4146.1-2020
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GB/T 4146.1-2020: PDF in English (GBT 4146.1-2020) GB/T 4146.1-2020
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 59.060.20
W 04
Replacing GB/T 4146.1-2009
Textiles - Man-made fibers - Part 1: Generic names
(ISO 2076:2013, Textiles - Man-made fibers - Generic names, MOD)
ISSUED ON: OCTOBER 21, 2020
IMPLEMENTED ON: MAY 01, 2021
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 6
2 Terms and definitions ... 6
3 General ... 6
4 Generic names ... 7
5 Name of the bicomponent composite fiber ... 13
Appendix A (Informative) Rules for establishing generic names ... 15
Appendix B (Informative) Composite fiber ... 17
Appendix C (Informative) Modified fiber ... 19
Appendix D (Informative) Index of generic names in English (English, Chinese
and French) ... 20
Appendix E (Informative) Index of generic name's symbols (English, French,
Chinese) ... 22
Appendix F (Informative) Regional and national requirements related to generic
names ... 24
References ... 26
Textiles - Man-made fibers - Part 1: Generic names
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 4146 lists the generic names and main properties of various
chemical fibers that are currently industrially produced for textile and other
purposes and based on major polymers.
This part gives suggestions for the establishment of generic names (see
Appendix A); describes the fiber structure of multi-component fibers (see
Appendix B) and modified fibers (see Appendix C); lists the English name index
of the generic names (See Appendix D) and the symbol index of the generic
name (See Appendix E).
This part applies to the generic names of various chemical fibers.
2 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
2.1
Man-made fiber; chemical fiber
Except for natural fibers, the fibers artificially manufactured.
3 General
3.1 Introduction
The content in Table 1 consists of four items: generic name, symbol, main
properties, chemical formula.
3.2 Generic name
The name of the fiber and its properties are described in Table 1 "Main
properties". The use of this name shall be limited to fibers whose content (mass
fraction) of additives used to enhance performance during fiber formation does
not exceed 15% (the proportion of additives with non-enhancement
performance is not limited).
The generic name also applies to chemical fibers that are given the main
properties by the production process.
3.3 Other names
Certain fiber names used in the regulations of the European Union, Japan, the
United States and other countries or regions are different from the generic
names specified in this part. For specific information, see Appendix F.
3.4 Symbols
Use 2 to 4 specific letters to facilitate the naming of various chemical fibers in
sales and technical literature. In some cases, the symbol system for textile
fibers is different from the symbol system for plastics.
3.5 Main properties
One fiber has properties different from all other fibers. Different chemical
properties will lead to different fiber properties, which is the main basis for
classification in this part. When necessary, other properties of the fiber will also
be used to distinguish those similar chemical fibers. These main properties are
not the only basis for identifying fibers or naming chemical molecules, nor are
they necessarily suitable for analyzing fiber mixtures.
Note: In the following description, the concepts "group", "linkage", "unit" have been
used in the following ways:
- "Group" is used to represent the chemical unit of a functional group, such as the
hydroxyl group in the acetate fiber;
- "linkage" is used to represent chemical bond;
- "Unit" is used to represent repeating fragments.
3.6 Chemical formula
Represents the chemical structure of the fiber. In some cases, multiple fibers
may have the same chemical formula. For example, cupro, lyocell, modal,
viscose fibers are all represented by cellulose II, so an example of a chemical
formula does not only represent a certain fiber.
4 Generic names
The generic names of chemical fibers are as shown in Table 1.
Appendix A
(Informative)
Rules for establishing generic names
A.1 Uniqueness
A chemical fiber has a unique generic name.
A.2 Use of known generic names
The chemical fiber's generic names as listed in Table 1 have fully considered
the existing situation. Most of the generic names in the list are based on the
chemical properties of polymers, only some new types of fibers with new
chemical properties are considered to establish new generic names.
When selecting the fiber's generic name, it can be compared with the
existing generic name list.
A.3 Generic names based on chemical properties
As pointed out in A.1, only some fibers with new chemical properties are
considered to create new generic names.
In this case, the generic name of the new fiber should consider the chemical
properties of the main polymer.
The choice of fiber name should be determined by the chemical properties
of the main polymer.
A.4 Exclusion of functions or properties
The functional development of fibers may increase the qualifiers for fiber
generic names, which may cause confusion or difficulty in understanding.
Note: Possible properties or functions include fire prevention, UV protection,
microbial activity (bacteriostatic, sterilization, etc.), hydration, temperature
adjustment, etc.
According to the original principles of this part, except for elastic properties (as
described in A.5), the generic name of the fiber shall not consider the properties
or function of the fiber.
Except for elastic properties (as described in A.5), the generic name of the
fiber should not consider the properties or function of the fiber.
Appendix B
(Informative)
Composite fiber
B.1 General
Some chemical fibers are processed from two or more polymers with different
chemical properties or physical structures.
When the fiber is composed of two components, it is generally called a bi-
component composite fiber.
B.2 Bi-component composite fiber structure
B.2.1 Side by side (S/S)
The components in the fiber are in a "side by side" structure. Each component
polymer is listed on both sides (see examples in Table B.1).
B.2.2 Shell-core type (Sh/C)
The components in the fiber have a "shell-core" structure. An inner polymer
"core layer (C)" is wrapped by an outer polymer "shell layer (Sh)" (see the
example in Table B.1).
B.2.3 Matrix fiber type (M/F)
The components in the fiber have a "matrix fiber" structure. The "fibril (F)" of
one polymer is dispersed in the "matrix (M)" of another polymer (see the
example in Table B.1).
B.2.4 Split type (Sp/Sp)
The two components in the fiber are arranged continuously along the fiber axis.
The cross section of the fiber presents orange petals, strips and other shapes,
which can be divided into multiple splits after post-processing.
B.3 Nomenclature of bi-component composite fiber
The name of the bicomponent composite fiber shall be based on the generic
name of the two components; the structure type can be added if necessary.
The symbol "/" represents a combination between polymers.
Example: Bi-component composite fiber with two polyesters arranged on both
Appendix C
(Informative)
Modified fiber
C.1 General
Chemical fiber can change some of the initial properties of the fiber by adding
ingredients.
Note: The components added in the spinnable material may be particles, molecules,
etc., which are different from the polymer components described in Appendix B.
This ingredient is considered "embedded" in the main polymer.
C.2 Name of the modified fiber
The name of the modified fiber is composed of the generic name of the fiber
(as the matrix) and the suffix (containing "××"), where ×× stands for terms
related to the added components.
C.3 Example
C.3.1 Modified polyvinyl alcohol fiber
Protein (molecule) has been used to be embedded in vinyl alcohol polymer; the
name of the fiber is "polyvinyl alcohol fiber (containing protein)".
C.3.2 Modified polyacrylonitrile fiber
Protein (molecule) has been used to embed in acrylonitrile polymer; the name
of the fiber is "polyacrylonitrile fiber (containing protein)".
C.3.3 Modified viscose fiber
Pearl powder (pulverized or ground pearl particles) or herbs are added to the
viscose collagen solution; the name of the fiber is "viscose fiber (contains pearl
powder or herbs)".
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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