GB/T 39681-2020 PDF in English
GB/T 39681-2020 (GB/T39681-2020, GBT 39681-2020, GBT39681-2020)
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Racking design code for steel static storage systems
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Standards related to (historical): GB/T 39681-2020
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GB/T 39681-2020: PDF in English (GBT 39681-2020) GB/T 39681-2020
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 53.080
J 83
Racking Design Code for Steel Static Storage Systems
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 14, 2020
IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 1, 2021
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative References ... 4
3 Terms and Definitions ... 5
4 Materials ... 5
5 Loads and Load Combinations ... 6
6 Rack Design ... 9
7 Test Acquisition and Processing Methods of Some Parameters ... 23
8 Overall Test of Combined Racking Unit ... 40
Appendix A (informative) Equivalent Calculation Length Coefficient K of Racks
without Vertical Pull Rods ... 42
Appendix B (informative) Requirements for Width-to-thickness Ratio of Uniformly
Pressed Plates ... 44
Racking Design Code for Steel Static Storage Systems
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the terms, materials, loads and load combinations, racking design and
test methods for steel static storage systems.
This Standard is applicable to steel static storage systems made of cold-formed steel or hot-
rolled steel components, and mainly subjected to static loads.
2 Normative References
The following documents are indispensable to the application of this document. In terms of
references with a specified date, only versions with a specified date are applicable to this
document. In terms of references without a specified date, the latest version (including all the
modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 228.1 Metallic Materials - Tensile Testing - Part 1: Method of Test at Room Temperature
GB/T 232 Metallic Materials - Bend Test
GB/T 700 Carbon Structural Steels
GB/T 1591 High Strength Low Ally Structural Steels
GB/T 2518 Continuously Hot-dip Zinc and Zinc Alloy Coated Steel Sheet and Strip
GB 4053.3 Safety Requirements for Fixed Steel Ladders and Platforms - Part 3: Industrial
Guardrails and Steel Platform
GB/T 18354 Logistics Terminology
GB/T 28576-2012 Calculation of Industrial Rack Design
GB 50009 Load Code for the Design of Building Structures
GB 50011 Code for Seismic Design of Buildings
GB 50018-2002 Technical Code of Cold-formed Thin-wall Steel Structures
JB/T 9018 Automated Storage and Retrieval System - Design Rules
JB/T 11270 Assembled Steel Rack Structure for High-bay Warehouse - Technical Requirements
comply with the requirements of 4.1.1 and 4.1.2.
4.2 Connectors
The strength design value of the connectors, such as: welds and bolts, shall comply with the
stipulations of GB 50018. For the bolts, Grade-8.8 or higher should be adopted.
5 Loads and Load Combinations
5.1 Classification
The loads on the rack structure can be divided into dead load, live load, vertical impact load,
horizontal load and possible wind load, snow load, roof live load and seismic action, etc. If
there are other types of loads, they shall comply with the stipulations of GB 50009.
5.2 Dead Load PDL
Dead load refers to the self-weight of the racking system. The dead load of the rack-clad
building shall also include the self-weight of the structures, such as: the roof and wall. The dead
load is composed of the weight of all permanent structures, including the racks and auxiliary
facilities connected to the racks, such as: fire sprinklers, heating ventilation and air conditioning
systems, etc., as well as other fixed auxiliary equipment that needs to be supported by the rack
members, and their masses shall all be included in the dead load.
5.3 Live Load PPL
Live load generally refers to the weight of the goods and carriers placed on the rack structure.
In addition, the floor slab and aisle loads in 5.7 shall also be included.
5.4 Vertical Impact Load PIL
5.4.1 The vertical impact load refers to the additional impact force generated on the beam when
the goods are stored, and usually, only loaded once at the most unfavorable position. When
designing beams, (if designed) brackets and hanging pieces, the load can be calculated in
accordance with the following situations:
a) When placing goods through mechanical equipment (automation), it shall be equal to
50% of the maximum unit load;
b) When manually placing goods (non-automation), it shall be equal to the maximum
unit load.
5.4.2 The vertical impact load is used to inspect local components (beams, hanging pieces and
brackets, etc.). When designing the overall structure of the racks, the influence of the vertical
impact load is not considered.
5.5 Horizontal Load PHL
5.5.1 The horizontal load acting on the combined rack structure refers to the horizontal force
generated by the defects caused by the initial bending of the rack structure members, the
installation deviation and load eccentricity, etc., as well as the normal operation of the handling
equipment.
5.5.2 The horizontal load generated by the defects described in 5.5.1 respectively acts on the
connection node of the beam and the column along the longitudinal and transverse main
directions of the combined rack structure. The horizontal load may be taken as 0.4% of the sum
of the total dead load and the maximum live load transmitted from the beam to the node.
5.5.3 For racks with handling equipment, the horizontal load shall be determined in accordance
with the relevant information provided by the manufacturer of the handling equipment.
5.6 Seismic Action PEL
5.6.1 The seismic action and structural seismic checking calculation shall comply with the
relevant stipulations of GB 50011.
5.6.2 For rack structures with a height of not more than 40 m, mainly shear deformation, and
relatively uniform distribution of mass and stiffness along the height, simplified methods, for
example, the bottom shear force method can be adopted. For the rack structures other than this
type, the mode decomposition response spectrum method should be adopted.
5.6.3 For the seismic checking calculation of the cross-section of the members, the design value
of the seismic bearing capacity shall take R/0.75; the design value of the bearing capacity
stability shall take R/0.8; R is the design value of the bearing capacity of the structural member.
5.7 Floor Slab and Aisle Loads
For the load acting on the floor slab or aisle, in accordance with the actual demands, calculate
the uniformly distributed load or concentrated load, which shall not be lower than 300 kg/m2.
The other situations shall comply with the relevant stipulations of GB 4053.3.
5.8 Thrust on the Railing
The railings of stairs and floor slabs shall be designed to be able to withstand a thrust of no
more than 0.7 kN/m acting in any direction above the railings. The other situations shall comply
with the relevant stipulations of GB 4053.3.
5.9 Wind Load PWL
The wind load checking calculation of the rack-clad building shall comply with the relevant
stipulations of GB 50009.
5.10 Snow Load PSL and Roof Live Load PRL
The snow load and roof live load checking calculation of the rack-clad building shall comply
with the relevant stipulations of GB 50009.
0.9;
cW---the combined value coefficient of wind load, which shall take 0.6;
cR---the combined value coefficient of snow load and roof live load, which shall take
0.7.
When designing the racks in accordance with the limit states of normal application, the partial
factors for the various loads may refer to the combination of Formula (1) ~ Formula (6), and all
the numerical partial factors can be changed to 1. The loads and load combinations of other
circumstances shall comply with the relevant requirements of GB 50009.
6 Rack Design
6.1 General Design Requirements
6.1.1 This Standard adopts the limit state design method based on the probability theory and
calculates with the design expressions of the partial factors. The combined conditions, in which,
the horizontal load and wind load play a dominant role, and the seismic action condition shall
be subjected to the second-order analysis of the structure.
6.1.2 The load-bearing members of the rack structure shall be designed in accordance with the
limit states of the bearing capacity; the non-load-bearing members shall be designed in
accordance with the structural requirements. The limit states of the bearing capacity include:
strength failure of components and connectors, fatigue failure, and structural failure due to loss
of stability of structures and components. For the design that is controlled by stiffness, such as:
the overall displacement of the racks and the deflection of the beam, it shall be performed in
accordance with the limit states of normal application.
6.1.3 The overall stiffness requirements for the racks shall comply with the requirements of
Chapter 8 in GB/T 28576-2012. The mode shown in Figure 1 can enhance the overall stiffness
of the racks.
Key:
a---horizontal tie beams of the racks;
b---torsion members between the racks.
Figure 1 (continued from previous page)
6.1.4 For the racks that require seismic resistance design or wind resistance design, vertical pull
rods should be added to maintain the overall stability of the racks.
6.1.5 All formulas in the Standard shall adopt the International System of Units, unless it is
otherwise stated.
6.1.6 For the design and verification contents not covered in the Standard, such as: bolted
connection and welded seam connection, GB 50018 shall be taken as a reference.
6.2 Design of Columns and Rack Pieces
6.2.1 For non-porous parts, the average design strength fya can be determined in accordance
with Formula (9). If the cross-sectional area Aeff of the non-porous parts is determined through
the method of 7.3 and used for calculation, then, this clause does not apply.
Where,
fy---the nominal yield strength of the material;
fu---the nominal ultimate tensile strength of the material;
t---the design thickness of the material (before cold forming);
Ag---the gross cross-sectional area;
Cf---the coefficient related to the forming type:
for the material formed through the cold-bend method, Cf = 5;
for the material formed through other forming methods: Cf = 7;
N---the number of 90 bending angles in the section, and the bending radius is not greater than
5t.
6.2.2 For the design of the columns, generally only the load condition on the structure shown
in Figure 2a) is considered, that is, except for one beam near the middle part of the lowermost
layer of the structure, which is no-load, all other beams are fully loaded. For racks with vertical
pull rods, another loading mode that causes single bending of the column shall also be
Key:
a---rolling direction.
Figure 8 -- Bent Test Piece of Transverse Bend Test
If it is determined through visual inspection that there is no crack on the outer surface of the
test piece after bending by 180 from the bottom, then, it shall be deemed that this test piece
satisfies the standard requirements. If there is a local crack at the bend, but the crack does not
extend by more than 1 mm from the edge of the test piece, then, it is still allowed to be used.
7.3 Acquisition of Calculated Cross-sectional Area Aeff of the Column
7.3.1 Test purpose
The calculated cross-section area Aeff of the column is divided into effective cross-sectional area
Ae and effective net cross-sectional area Aen, both of which can be obtained through the short
column test. In addition, the influence of punching, local (longitudinal) buckling and other
factors on the compressive strength of the short columns can also be observed.
7.3.2 Test scheme
The test specimen is shown in Figure 9. The length of the specimen shall be greater than 3 times
the maximum size of the cross-section (ignoring the bending in the middle), and at least 5
groups of regular punching holes shall be included. The cutting of the specimen shall be
performed between the 2 groups of perforations, and along the direction perpendicular to the
longitudinal axis.
The combined column foot or bottom plate is fixed to both ends of the short column through
the mode of bolts or welding, then, the short column specimen is fixed on the corresponding
position of the pressure plate with a thickness of greater than 30 mm. The thick pressure plate
should have a small, drilled indent to accommodate a steel ball, as it is shown in Figure 9.
In accordance with the method of 7.5.4, process the data, without considering the data
correction. Thus, the design value of the column foot stiffness ku can be obtained. ku can take
the average value km of kni.
8 Overall Test of Combined Racking Unit
8.1 The purpose of the test is to simulate the actual working conditions of the combined racking
structure, so as to determine its bearing capacity and rated load. The test rack is composed of
three rack pieces connected with no less than two-layer unit cargo beams. The structural
combination of the bottom beam and the rack pieces is the same as that of the actual racks. The
structural combination of the top-layer beam and its rack piece is strengthened compared with
the actual racks, so that it can bear the test load higher than the failure load of the whole frame.
The base of the rack piece is laid flat on the concrete floor. The test device is shown in Figure
16.
8.2 The overall test of the combined racking unit adopts the pallet to apply the vertical load and
the jack, or the rope and pulley that hang heavy objects to apply the horizontal load. The load
shall be applied in accordance with different combinations of loads and through the following
three modes:
a) On each layer of pallet beams, apply a vertical load to 1.5 times the design load, then,
at the connection nodes between each layer of beams and columns, along the direction
of the beam, apply a horizontal load, which is 1.5% of the total vertical load of the
layer. Afterwards, respectively and step-by-step increase the vertical load and the
corresponding horizontal load only on the top pallet beam and its node level, until the
combined racking unit is destroyed as a whole.
b) Merely apply a vertical load equivalent to 1.5 times the design load of the beam and
the corresponding horizontal load on the pallet of one cargo compartment on the
bottom layer. Then, in accordance with the mode of a), step-by-step apply the vertical
load and the corresponding horizontal load only on the top beam, until the combined
racking unit is destroyed as a whole.
c) As described in a), apply the load, but change the direction of the horizontal load
(perpendicular to the roadway) to be in the plane of the rack piece; the loading mode,
sequence, magnitude and proportion are the same as those in a).
8.3 The overall ultimate load of the combined racking unit shall take the minimum value among
the corresponding failure loads of the three loading modes listed in 8.2. The overall rated load
of the combined racking unit shall take 1/2 of the ultimate load.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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