GB/T 38445-2020 PDF in English
GB/T 38445-2020 (GB/T38445-2020, GBT 38445-2020, GBT38445-2020)
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External projections for all terrain vehicles
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GB/T 38445-2020: PDF in English (GBT 38445-2020) GB/T 38445-2020
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.040.60
T 26
External projections for all terrain vehicles
ISSUED ON: MARCH 06, 2020
IMPLEMENTED ON: OCTOBER 01, 2020
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions ... 4
4 Technical requirements ... 7
5 Test methods ... 16
References ... 21
External projections for all terrain vehicles
1 Scope
This standard specifies the requirements and test methods for external
projections for all terrain vehicles.
This standard applies to all terrain vehicles (hereinafter referred to as
"vehicles").
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For
the dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable
to this document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including
all the amendments) are applicable to this standard.
GB/T 24936 Terms for all terrain vehicles
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 24936 as well as the following terms
and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
External surface
Visible surfaces of vehicle covering pieces, including engine hoods, trunk
lids, doors, fenders, roofs, lighting and light signaling devices, visible
reinforcements, front fenders, front bumpers, front wheels
Note: Rewrite GB 11566-2009, definition 3.2.
3.2
Radius of curvature
The arc radius of the imaginary part which is closest to a circle.
[GB 11566-2009, definition 3.4]
3.3
[GB 20074-2017, definition 3.4]
3.9
Floor line
The geometric trajectory of the contact points as formed by allowing a cone
which has a top angle of 30° (the cone height is determined by itself, the
cone top is upward, the cone axis is perpendicular to the horizontal plane)
to roll along the external surface of a laden vehicle to continuously contact
the lowest position of the external surface of the vehicle.
Note 1: When determining the floor line, it does not consider the exhaust
pipe, wheels and functional mechanical components installed under the
vehicle body, support points for jacks, suspension devices or connectors
used in case of towing or breakdown. Without changing the position, the gap
outside the wheel arch may be imagined as a smooth external surface
formed after filling.
Note 2: Rewrite GB 11566-2009, definition 3.3.
3.10
Laden vehicle
The vehicle that bears the maximum load allowed by the factory.
Note: Rewrite GB 11566-2009, definition 3.5.
3.11
The dimension of projection
The size of the projection portion of the parts assembled on the vehicle’s
plate.
[GB 11566-2009, definition 3.7]
3.12
The nominal line of a panel
According to the method of 5.2.2.2, when using a sphere which has a
diameter of 100 mm to measure the surface of a certain panel of the vehicle,
the connection line between the two sphere centers at the initial and final
positions.
[GB 11566-2009, definition 3.8]
a) Requirements for grazing parts:
1) The plate shall meet the following requirements:
- The radius of curvature of each corner of the plate shall not be less
than 3 mm;
- The radius of curvature of the edge of the plate shall not be less than
0.5 mm.
2) The stem shall meet the following requirements:
- The diameter of the stem shall not be less than 10 mm;
- The radius of curvature of the end edge of the stem shall not be less
than 2 mm.
b) Requirements for collision parts:
1) The plate shall meet the following requirements:
- The radius of curvature of the edges and corners of the plate shall
not be less than 2 mm.
2) The stem shall meet the following requirements:
- If the diameter is less than 20 mm, the length of the stem shall not
be more than half of its diameter;
- If the diameter is not less than 20 mm, the radius of curvature of the
end edge of the stem shall not be less than 2 mm.
4.1.4 Special requirements
4.1.4.1 The radius of curvature of the upper edges of windshields, deflectors
and other protective covers shall not be less than 2 mm, or they shall be
wrapped with protective materials that meet the requirements of 4.1.2.3. The
upper edge refers to the part between the tangent points of two planes at 45°
to the horizontal plane, as shown in Figure 2.
of 4.2.1.
When applying a force of 100 N, it shall use a flat-end indenter with a diameter
not greater than 50 mm, with the equivalent method. After the trim parts are
retracted, detached or bent, the projection height of the remaining part shall not
exceed 10 mm. In any case, these projections shall meet the requirements of
4.2.1.2. If the trim parts are installed on a substrate, the substrate is considered
as a trim part, not a support surface.
4.2.2.1.2 The protective decorative strips or guards on the external surface of
the vehicles are not restricted by 4.2.2.1.1, but shall be reliably fixed on the
vehicles.
4.2.2.2 Headlamp
4.2.2.2.1 The headlamps are allowed to be equipped with protruded shading
plates and lamp rings, but the projection height relative to the external surface
of the headlamp’s light distribution mirror shall not exceed 30 mm and the fillet
radius shall not be less than 2.5 mm. If the headlamp is installed behind an
additional transparent surface, the projection shall be measured from the
outermost transparent surface. The projection height is measured according to
the method specified in 5.2.2.3.
4.2.2.2.2 Retractable headlamps shall comply with the provisions of 4.2.2.2.1
regardless of whether they are in the working position or the retracted position.
4.2.2.2.3 The provisions of 4.2.2.2.1 do not apply to headlamps as buried in or
extended over the vehicle’s plate, but the vehicle’s plate shall meet the
requirements of 4.2.2.9.
4.2.2.3 Grille and gap
4.2.2.3.1 The provisions of 4.2.1.4 do not apply to the case where the gap width
between the fixed element or the movable element (including the parts of the
air inlet and outlet as well as the radiator cover) is less than 40 mm, meanwhile
this gap is a functional requirement. When the gap width is between 25 mm ~
40 mm, the fillet radius shall not be less than 1 mm; if the gap width is equal to
or less than 25 mm, the fillet radius of its outer edge shall not be less than 0.5
mm. The width of the gap between two adjacent components is measured
according to the method as specified in 5.2.2.4.
4.2.2.3.2 The junction of the front and side ends of each element forming a grid
or gap shall be smooth.
4.2.2.4 Windshield wiper
4.2.2.4.1 The rotating shaft of the windshield wiper shall be equipped with a
the connection cover and nozzle of the headlamp washer. The outward corners
of these parts shall be round and smooth, except for parts with a projection
height less than 1.5 mm.
4.2.2.6 The handles, hinges and buttons of the doors, trunk lid and hood
as well as fuel tank cap and various covers
4.2.2.6.1 The projection height of handle of door or trunk lid shall not exceed
40 mm; it shall not exceed 3 mm in other conditions.
4.2.2.6.2 If the side door’s handle is rotating, it shall meet any of the following:
- If the handle rotates parallel to the surface of the door, the free end of the
handle shall face backward and bend towards the door panel and be placed
in a protective cover or embedded in the groove;
- For a handle that is not parallel to the surface of the door and rotates
outward in any direction, in the closed position, the free end of the handle
shall be placed backwards or downwards and placed in a protective cover
or embedded in the groove.
Handles that do not meet the above conditions but meet the following conditions
are still acceptable:
a) The handle has an independent return mechanism;
b) If the return mechanism is damaged, the handle shall not protrude from
the surface for more than 15 mm;
c) In the open position, it complies with the provisions of 4.2.1.4;
d) The surface area of the end of the handle is, when measured at a position
no greater than 6.5 mm from the outermost projection, not less than 150
mm2.
4.2.2.7 Wheels, wheel nuts, hub cover, wheel trims
4.2.2.7.1 The external surfaces of parts such as wheels, wheel nuts, hub covers
and wheel trims are not restricted by 4.2.1.4.
4.2.2.7.2 There shall be no sharp projections on the wheels, wheel nuts, wheel
hub covers and wheel trim that project from the outer plane of the wheel; it is
not allowed to use butterfly nuts.
4.2.2.7.3 When the vehicle travels straight, the wheel parts (except tires) above
the horizontal plane of the wheel’s rotation axis shall not protrude from the
vertical projection of the external surface of the vehicle on the horizontal plane.
If it have to protrude it due to functional requirements (such as wheel trim), the
4.2.2.14 Windows
The windows moving outward from the external surface of the vehicle shall
comply with the following regulations in all use positions:
- There shall be no exposed edges facing forward;
- No part of the window shall protrude from the outermost edge of the vehicle.
4.2.2.15 Luggage rack and sled rack
4.2.2.15.1 When the luggage rack and the sled rack are installed on the vehicle,
they shall be able to be reliably fixed in at least one direction and can withstand
the longitudinal and lateral horizontal forces. The force value shall not be lower
than the maximum vertical load capacity specified by the manufacturer. For the
test of luggage rack and sled rack installed according to the manufacturer's
requirements, the test load cannot be applied to only one point.
4.2.2.15.2 After the luggage rack and sled rack are installed and fixed, when
the contact inspection is performed by a sphere which has a diameter of 165
mm, the fillet radius of the contact surface shall not be less than 2.5 mm, unless
otherwise it meets the requirements of 4.2.2.3.
4.2.2.15.3 For the connector above the contact surface mentioned in 4.2.2.15.2
(such as a screw and the like can be tightened or loosened without the aid of a
tool), its projection height shall not be greater than 40 mm. The projection height
is measured by a sphere which has a diameter of 165 mm according to the
method described in 5.2.2.
4.2.2.16 Antenna
4.2.2.16.1 When the radio transceiver antenna is installed on the vehicle
according to any use position specified by the manufacturer, if the height of the
top of the antenna is less than 1.8 m from the ground, it shall be within the area
enveloped by a vertical plane of 100 mm within the outermost edge of the
vehicle.
4.2.2.16.2 In addition, the top part of the antenna installed on the vehicle shall
not protruded beyond the outermost edge of the vehicle.
4.2.2.16.3 The fillet radius of the antenna stem can be less than 2.5 mm, but
the top of the antenna shall be fitted with a fixed cap, which has a fillet radius
of not less than 2.5 mm.
4.2.2.16.4 When measured according to the method of 5.2.2, the base of the
antenna shall not protrude more than 40 mm.
4.2.2.16.5 When the antenna cannot identify the components of the antenna
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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