GB/T 36548-2024 PDF English
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Test code for electrochemical energy storage station connected to power grid
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GB/T 36548-2024: PDF in English (GBT 36548-2024) GB/T 36548-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 27.180
CCS F 19
Replacing GB/T 36548-2018
Test Code for Electrochemical Energy Storage Station
Connected to Power Grid
ISSUED ON: JUNE 29, 2024
IMPLEMENTED ON: JANUARY 1, 2025
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 6
2 Normative References ... 6
3 Terms and Definitions ... 7
4 Overall Requirements ... 7
5 Test Conditions ... 8
6 Test Instruments and Equipment ... 8
7 Power Control ... 10
8 Charge and Discharge Time ... 15
9 Rated Energy ... 16
10 Rated Energy Efficiency ... 19
11 Power Quality ... 21
12 Primary Frequency Modulation ... 22
13 Inertia Response ... 23
14 Operation Adaptability ... 24
15 Fault Ride-through ... 29
16 Overload Capability ... 37
17 Automatic Generation Control (AGC) ... 38
18 Automatic Voltage Control (AVC) ... 39
19 Emergency Power Support ... 40
Appendix A (normative) Technical Information Collected before Energy Storage
Station is Connected to the Power Grid for Testing ... 41
Appendix B (informative) Wiring of Energy Storage Station and Energy Storage
System Connected to the Power Grid for Testing ... 42
Appendix C (informative) Test Report Format ... 44
Appendix D (normative) Calculation Method for Active Power Control Response Time,
Regulation Time and Control Deviation Parameters ... 45
Test Code for Electrochemical Energy Storage Station
Connected to Power Grid
1 Scope
This document describes the test methods for power control, charge and discharge time, rated
energy, rated energy efficiency, power quality, primary frequency modulation, inertia response,
operation adaptability, fault ride-through, overload capability, automatic generation control
(AGC), automatic voltage control (AVC) and emergency power support, etc. of electrochemical
energy storage station (hereinafter referred to as “energy storage station”) connected to power
grid, as well as the requirements for the test conditions, and test instruments and equipment,
etc.
This document is applicable to the commissioning, grid connection detection, operation and
maintenance of newly constructed, renovated and expanded electrochemical energy storage
stations connected to the power grid through voltage levels of 10 (6) kV and above. The energy
storage stations connected to the power grid through other voltage levels may take this as a
reference in implementation.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 12325 Power Quality - Deviation of Supply Voltage
GB/T 12326 Power Quality - Voltage Fluctuation and Flicker
GB/T 14549 Quality of Electric Energy Supply - Harmonics in Public Supply Network
GB/T 15543 Power Quality - Three-phase Voltage Unbalance
GB/T 15945 Power Quality - Frequency Deviation for Power System
GB/T 20840 (all parts) Instrument Transformers
GB/T 24337 Power Quality - Interharmonics in Public Supply Network
GB/T 36547 Technical Rule for Electrochemical Energy Storage System Connected to Power
Grid
GB/T 42288 Safety Code of Electrochemical Energy Storage Station
GB/T 43526 Technical Requirements for Connecting User-side Electrochemical Energy
Storage System to Distribution Network
DL/T 2528 Basic Terminology of Electrical Energy Storage
3 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 36547 and DL/T 2528 are applicable to this
document.
4 Overall Requirements
4.1 The test results of the energy storage station connected to the power grid shall be determined
in accordance with the requirements of GB/T 36547 and GB/T 43526.
4.2 Before the energy storage station is connected to the power grid for testing, the technical
information of the energy storage station shall be collected; a test scheme shall be prepared and
submitted to the power grid dispatching institution for approval within 30 days before the test,
then, it can be implemented. The technical information collected before the energy storage
station is connected to the power grid for testing shall comply with the provisions of Appendix
A.
4.3 Before the energy storage station is connected to the power grid for testing, an emergency
plan shall be prepared, and safety measures shall be formulated. The safety of the test work
shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 42288, and temporary fire-fighting facilities and
emergency supplies shall be equipped.
4.4 The testing personnel of the energy storage station shall have necessary electrical
knowledge and professional skills, be familiar with the working principles and structures, test
schemes and safe work procedures of energy storage equipment and electrical equipment, and
be able to correctly use tools, instruments and safety protection equipment.
4.5 The instruments and equipment used for the test of energy storage station connected to the
power grid shall be verified or calibrated and be within the validity period. The shell of the test
instruments and equipment shall be reliably grounded, and the power supply should be an
uninterruptible power supply.
4.6 The energy storage station shall complete the grid connection test within 3 months of grid-
connected operation.
4.7 Before testing the energy storage station, the specification parameters, electrical wiring,
working parameters and protection settings, etc. of the energy storage station shall be verified.
4.8 Unless otherwise specified, the energy storage station shall be pre-charged or pre-
discharged before testing, and the energy state should be 30% ~ 80% of the rated discharging
energy.
4.9 The energy storage station shall select the energy storage station or energy storage system
as the test object in accordance with the grid conditions of the access point and the requirements
of the power grid dispatching institution. For test projects carried out with an energy storage
system as the test object, the test results shall be evaluated in combination with energy storage
station model simulations. See Appendix B for the wiring of energy storage station and energy
storage system connected to the grid for testing.
4.10 The test point for the energy storage station connected to the power grid shall select a grid
connection point.
4.11 If an abnormality occurs during the test of the energy storage station connected to the
power grid, the test shall be immediately stopped, and the abnormal information shall be
recorded. After the processing is completed, the test shall be re-performed.
4.12 When renovation (expansion) or equipment modification, software upgrade, network-
related parameter modification and control logic change of the energy storage station may affect
the performance of grid connection of the energy storage station, such as: fault ride-through,
power control, rated energy, operation adaptability and power quality, etc., the affected items
shall be re-tested within 3 months of completion of the replacement or update.
4.13 During the test process of the energy storage station connected to the power grid, the test
data and environmental conditions shall be recorded, and a test report shall be issued after the
test is completed. The test report includes an overview of the energy storage station, test
information, test equipment, test items, test conclusions and test data, etc. See Appendix C for
the test report format.
5 Test Conditions
5.1 During the test, the main equipment of the energy storage station shall be in normal working
conditions.
5.2 The harmonic voltage of the power grid, to which, the energy storage station is connected,
shall satisfy the requirements of GB/T 14549; the inter-harmonic voltage shall satisfy the
requirements of GB/T 24337; the grid voltage deviation shall satisfy the requirements of GB/T
12325; the voltage fluctuation and flicker values shall satisfy the requirements of GB/T 12326;
the three-phase voltage unbalance shall satisfy the requirements of GB/T 15543; the grid
frequency deviation shall satisfy the requirements of GB/T 15945.
6 Test Instruments and Equipment
6.1 Test Instruments
The test instruments shall satisfy the following requirements:
power control point, in a period of 20 ms, calculate the average value and deviation
of reactive power 15 seconds after each reactive power control point;
e) Issue active power control instructions through the monitoring system and
successively set the energy storage station to charge at 90% PN, 80% PN, 70% PN, 60%
PN, 50% PN, 40% PN, 30% PN, 20% PN and 10% PN. Repeat steps c) ~ d);
f) Issue active power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the
active power of the energy storage station to 0. Repeat steps c) ~ d);
g) Issue active power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the
energy storage station to charge at PN;
h) Issue reactive power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the
capacitive reactive power of the energy storage station to start from 0, and increase
step by step with an amplitude of 10% PN, until the capacitive reactive power of the
energy storage station reaches the maximum, then, stop increasing the capacitive
reactive power, and continuously operate for 30 seconds at each reactive power
control point;
i) Utilize the data acquisition device to record the voltage and current of each reactive
power control point, in a period of 20 ms, calculate the average value and deviation
of reactive power 15 seconds after each reactive power control point;
j) Issue active power control instructions through the monitoring system and
successively set the energy storage station to charge at 90% PN, 80% PN, 70% PN, 60%
PN, 50% PN, 40% PN, 30% PN, 20% PN and 10% PN. Repeat steps h) ~ i);
k) Issue active power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the
active power of the energy storage station to 0. Repeat steps h) ~ i).
NOTE: PN represents the rated discharge active power value, which is expressed in (kW) or (MW).
7.2.2 Discharging state
The reactive power control test of the energy storage station in the discharging state is carried
out in accordance with the following steps:
a) The data acquisition device is connected to the voltage transformer (PT) and current
transformer (CT) at the test point. The specific wiring is shown in Figure B.1;
b) Issue active power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the
energy storage station to discharge at PN;
c) Issue reactive power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the
inductive reactive power of the energy storage station to start from 0, and increase
step by step with an amplitude of 10% PN, until the inductive reactive power of the
energy storage station reaches the maximum, then, stop increasing the inductive
reactive power, and continuously operate for 30 seconds at each reactive power
control point;
d) Utilize the data acquisition device to record the voltage and current of each reactive
power control point, in a period of 20 ms, calculate the average value and deviation
of reactive power 15 seconds after each reactive power control point;
e) Issue active power control instructions through the monitoring system and
successively set the energy storage station to discharge at 90% PN, 80% PN, 70% PN,
60% PN, 50% PN, 40% PN, 30% PN, 20% PN and 10% PN. Repeat steps c) ~ d);
f) Issue active power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the
active power of the energy storage station to 0. Repeat steps c) ~ d);
g) Issue active power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the
energy storage station to discharge at PN;
h) Issue reactive power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the
capacitive reactive power of the energy storage station to start from 0, and increase
step by step with an amplitude of 10% PN, until the capacitive reactive power of the
energy storage station reaches the maximum, then, stop increasing the capacitive
reactive power, and continuously operate for 30 seconds at each reactive power
control point;
i) Utilize the data acquisition device to record the voltage and current of each reactive
power control point, in a period of 20 ms, calculate the average value and deviation
of reactive power 15 seconds after each reactive power control point;
j) Issue active power control instructions through the monitoring system and
successively set the energy storage station to discharge at 90% PN, 80% PN, 70% PN,
60% PN, 50% PN, 40% PN, 30% PN, 20% PN and 10% PN. Repeat steps h) ~ i);
k) Issue active power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the
active power of the energy storage station to 0. Repeat steps h) ~ i).
NOTE: PN represents the rated discharge active power value, which is expressed in (kW) or (MW).
7.3 Power Factor Regulation Capability
The test of the power factor regulation capability of the energy storage station is carried out in
accordance with the following steps:
a) The data acquisition device is connected to the voltage transformer (PT) and current
transformer (CT) at the test point. The specific wiring is shown in Figure B.1;
b) Issue power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the energy
storage station to discharge at PN and continuously operate for 2 minutes;
storge station, expressed in (kW h) or (MW h).
11 Power Quality
11.1 Current Harmonics
The current harmonics test of the energy storage station shall be respectively carried out in the
charging state and the discharging state. The charging power and discharging power are both
PN. The test method shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 14549. Utilize the data
acquisition device to record the 25th harmonic current value during the test.
NOTE: PN represents the rated discharge active power value, which is expressed in (kW) or (MW).
11.2 Voltage Harmonics
The voltage harmonics test of the energy storage station shall be respectively carried out in the
charging state and the discharging state. The charging power and discharging power are both
PN. The test method shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 14549. Utilize the data
acquisition device to record the total harmonic distortion rate of voltage and the ratio of odd-
even harmonic voltage during the test.
NOTE: PN represents the rated discharge active power value, which is expressed in (kW) or (MW).
11.3 Inter-voltage Harmonics
The inter-voltage harmonics test of the energy storage station shall be respectively carried out
in the charging state and the discharging state. The charging power and discharging power are
both PN. The test method shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 24337. Utilize the data
acquisition device to record the inter-harmonic voltage content rate during the test.
NOTE: PN represents the rated discharge active power value, which is expressed in (kW) or (MW).
11.4 Voltage Deviation
The voltage deviation test of the energy storage station shall be respectively carried out in the
charging state and the discharging state. The charging power and discharging power are both
PN. The test method shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 12325. Utilize the data
acquisition device to record the voltage deviation during the test.
NOTE: PN represents the rated discharge active power value, which is expressed in (kW) or (MW).
11.5 Voltage Unbalance
The voltage unbalance test of the energy storage station shall be respectively carried out in the
charging state and the discharging state. The charging power and discharging power are both
PN. The test method shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 15543. Utilize the data
acquisition device to record the voltage unbalance during the test.
NOTE: PN represents the rated discharge active power value, which is expressed in (kW) or (MW).
11.6 Voltage Fluctuation and Flicker
The voltage fluctuation and flicker test of the energy storage station shall be respectively carried
out in the charging state and the discharging state. The charging power and discharging power
are both PN. The test method shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 12326. Utilize the data
acquisition device to record the voltage fluctuation values and short-term flicker values during
the test.
NOTE: PN represents the rated discharge active power value, which is expressed in (kW) or (MW).
12 Primary Frequency Modulation
The primary frequency modulation test of the energy storage station is carried out in accordance
with the following steps:
a) The data acquisition device is connected to the voltage transformer (PT) and current
transformer (CT) at the test point, and the frequency signal generating device is
connected to the monitoring system of the energy storage station. The specific wiring
is shown in Figure B.3;
b) Exit the inertia response and AGC control functions of the energy storage station;
c) Issue power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the energy
storage station to discharge at PN;
d) Through the frequency signal generating device, issue frequency change instructions
to the monitoring system of the energy storage station;
e) In steps of 0.01 Hz, gradually increase the frequency value from 50 Hz, until the active
power begins to regularly change. After continuously operating for 30 seconds at each
frequency control point, return to 50 Hz. Utilize the data acquisition device to record
the frequency value at the moment when the active power regularly changes during
the frequency up-disturbance process;
f) In steps of 0.01 Hz, gradually decrease the frequency value from 50 Hz, until the
active power begins to regularly change. After continuously operating for 30 seconds
at each frequency control point, return to 50 Hz. Utilize the data acquisition device to
record the frequency value at the moment when the active power regularly changes
during the frequency down-disturbance process;
g) Issue power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the energy
storage station to charge at PN;
h) Repeat d) ~ f);
to the monitoring system of the energy storage station;
e) Respectively at a frequency change rate of 0.1 Hz/s and 0.5 Hz/s, increase from 50
Hz to 51.50 Hz. After continuously operating for 30 seconds, return to 50 Hz. Utilize
the data acquisition device to record the voltage, current, frequency and active power
values at the test point;
f) Respectively at a frequency change rate of 0.1 Hz/s and 0.5 Hz/s, decrease from 50
Hz to 48.50 Hz. After continuously operating for 30 seconds, return to 50 Hz. Utilize
the data acquisition device to record the voltage, current, frequency and active power
values at the test point;
g) Calculate the active power response time and control deviation. The calculation
method shall comply with the provisions of Appendix D;
h) Issue power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the energy
storage station to charge at PN;
i) Repeat d) ~ g);
j) After the test is completed, restore the primary frequency modulation and AGC
control functions of the energy storage station.
NOTE: PN represents the rated discharge active power value, which is expressed in (kW) or (MW).
14 Operation Adaptability
14.1 Voltage Adaptability
The voltage adaptability test of the energy storage station is carried out in accordance with the
following steps.
a) The energy storage station is the first choice as the test object. When the energy
storage station cannot be used as the test object, it is appropriate to select any energy
storage system of the same model and specifications in the energy storage system as
the test object and turn off other energy storage systems under the same bus as the
energy storage system under test. When there are multiple models and specifications
of energy storage systems in an energy storage system, energy storage systems of the
same model and specifications shall respectively be taken as objects for testing based
on the actual conditions of the energy storage station. The test shall cover all models
and specifications of energy storage systems.
b) The power grid simulation device is connected in series with the energy storage
system under test. The data acquisition device is connected to the voltage transformer
(PT) and current transformer (CT) at the test point. The specific wiring is shown in
Figure B.2.
c) Set the output voltage and frequency of the power grid simulation device to the
nominal voltage and rated frequency of the energy storage system under test.
d) Issue power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the energy
storage system under test to discharge at 20% PN.
e) Set the voltage of the power grid simulation device to respectively step from UN to
91% UN, 95% UN and 99% UN. After continuously operating for at least 1 minute at
each control point, return to UN. Utilize the data acquisition device to record the
voltage at the test point of the energy storage system and the operating status of the
energy storage system.
f) Set the voltage of the power grid simulation device to respectively step from UN to
101% UN, 105% UN and 109% UN. After continuously operating for at least 1 minute
at each control point, return to UN. Utilize the data acquisition device to record the
voltage at the test point of the energy storage system and the operating status of the
energy storage system.
g) Issue power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the energy
storage system under test to charge at 20% PN. Repeat steps e) ~ f).
h) Issue power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the energy
storage system under test to discharge at 80% PN. Repeat steps e) ~ f).
i) Issue power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the energy
storage system under test to charge at 80% PN. Repeat steps e) ~ f).
NOTE: PN represents the rated discharge active power value of the energy storage system under
test, which is expressed in (kW) or (MW).
14.2 Frequency Adaptability
The frequency adaptability test of the energy storage station is carried out in accordance with
the following steps.
a) The energy storage station is the first choice as the test object. When the energy
storage station cannot be used as the test object, it is appropriate to select any energy
storage system of the same model and specifications in the energy storage system as
the test object and turn off other energy storage systems under the same bus as the
energy storage system under test. When there are multiple models and specifications
of energy storage systems in an energy storage system, energy storage systems of the
same model and specifications shall respectively be taken as objects for testing based
on the actual conditions of the energy storage station. The test shall cover all models
and specifications of energy storage systems.
b) The power grid simulation device is connected in series with the energy storage
system under test. The data acquisition device is connected to the voltage transformer
storage station cannot be used as the test object, it is appropriate to select any energy
storage system of the same model and specifications in the energy storage system as
the test object and turn off other energy storage systems under the same bus as the
energy storage system under test. When there are multiple models and specifications
of energy storage systems in an energy storage system, energy storage systems of the
same model and specifications shall respectively be taken as objects for testing based
on the actual conditions of the energy storage station. The test shall cover all models
and specifications of energy storage systems.
b) The power grid simulation device is connected in series with the energy storage
system under test. The data acquisition device is connected to the voltage transformer
(PT) and current transformer (CT) at the test point. The specific wiring is shown in
Figure B.2.
c) Set the output voltage and frequency of the power grid simulation device to the
nominal voltage and rated frequency of the energy storage system under test.
d) Turn off the primary frequency modulation and inertia response functions of the
energy storage system under test.
e) Issue power control instructions through the monitoring system and set the energy
storage system under test to discharge at 20% PN.
f) Set the output frequency of the power grid simulation device to decrease from 50 Hz
to 48.55 Hz at a change rate of 1.95 Hz/s. Continuously operate for at least 1 minute,
then, at a change rate of 1.95 Hz/s, increase to 50 Hz, and continuously operate for at
least 1 minute. Utilize the data acquisition device to record the frequency at the test
point of the energy storage system and the operating status of the energy storage
system.
g) Set the output frequency of the power grid simulation device to decrease from 50 Hz
to 48.55 Hz at a change rate of 2.05 Hz/s. Continuously operate for at least 1 minute,
then, at a change rate of 2.05 Hz/s, increase to 50 Hz, and continuously operate for at
least 1 minute. Utilize the data acquisition device to record the frequency at the test
point of the energy storage system and the operating status of the energy storage
system.
h) Set the output frequency of the power grid simulation device to increase from 50 Hz
to 50.45 Hz at a change rate of 1.95 Hz/s. Continuously operate for at least 1 minute,
then, at a change rate of 1.95 Hz/s, decrease to 50 Hz, and continuously operate for at
least 1 minute. Utilize the data acquisition device to record the frequency at the test
point of the energy storage system and the operating status of the energy storage
system.
i) Set the output frequency of the power grid simulation device to increase from 50 Hz
to 50.45 Hz at a change rate of 2.05 Hz/s. Continuously operate for at least 1 minute,
then, at a change rate of 2.05 Hz/s, decrease to 50 Hz, and continuously operate for at
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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