GB/T 32166.2-2015 PDF in English
GB/T 32166.2-2015 (GB/T32166.2-2015, GBT 32166.2-2015, GBT32166.2-2015)
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Personal protective equipment -- Eye and face protection -- Occupational eye and face protectors -- Part 2: Test methods
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Standards related to (historical): GB/T 32166.2-2015
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GB/T 32166.2-2015: PDF in English (GBT 32166.2-2015) GB/T 32166.2-2015
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 13.340.20
C 73
Personal protective equipment - Eye and face
protection - Occupational eye and face protectors -
Part 2: Test methods
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 10, 2015
IMPLEMENTED ON: NOVEMBER 01, 2016
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions ... 4
4 General ... 5
4.1 Test environment ... 5
4.2 Test headform ... 5
4.3 Reference point (for testing) ... 5
5 Test method of optical performance ... 7
5.1 Spherical power, astigmatic power, prismatic deviation ... 7
5.2 Prism imbalance of assembled ocular or ocular covering both eyes ... 9
5.3 Transmittance ... 10
5.4 Wide angle scatter (haze) ... 11
5.5 Narrow angle scatter (light diffusion) ... 11
5.6 Material and surface quality test ... 18
6 Test methods of non-optical performance ... 19
6.1 Impact resistance test ... 19
6.2 Thermal resistance test ... 22
6.3 UV radiation stability test ... 22
6.4 Corrosion resistance test ... 23
6.5 Flame retardance test ... 24
6.6 High-speed particle impact resistance test ... 24
6.7 Heavy object impact resistance test ... 26
6.8 Anti-drop performance test (suitable for goggles protector) ... 27
6.9 Ocular surface wear resistance test ... 28
6.10 Ocular anti-fogging performance test ... 31
References ... 34
Personal protective equipment - Eye and face
protection - Occupational eye and face protectors -
Part 2: Test methods
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 32166 specifies the optical and non-optical performance test
methods for occupational eye and face protectors.
This part applies to zero diopter protectors or components used in industry to
protect the eyes or face.
This part does not apply to the testing of prescription ocular and prescription
assembled ocular.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For
the dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable
to this document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including
all the amendments) are applicable to this standard.
GB/T 2410 Determination of the luminous transmittance and haze of
transparent plastics
GB/T 23461-2009 3D dimensions of male adult headform
GB/T 30042-2013 Personal protective equipment - Eye and face protection
- Vocabulary (ISO 4007:2012, MOD)
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 30042-2013 apply to this document.
4 General
4.1 Test environment
Unless otherwise specified, all tests in this part shall be conducted in an indoor
environment at a temperature of (23 ± 5) °C and a humidity of 30% ~ 80%.
4.2 Test headform
The test headform shall meet the requirements of the three-dimensional size of
the adult male headform in GB/T 23461-2009. Unless otherwise specified, the
surface material of the test headform in this part is polyurethane; the base
material of the headform is metal.
4.3 Reference point (for testing)
During the test, the test shall be conducted at the design reference point
indicated by the product. If the product does not indicate the design reference
point, the test reference point shall be determined as follows:
a) Unassembled ocular covering single eye - For the ocular which covers
single eye and are unassembled on the frame, the test reference point is
placed at the intersection R of the horizontal centerline and vertical
centerline as indicated in Figure 1 (R is the center of the rectangle, α is
the horizontal size of the ocular rectangle, b is the vertical size of the
ocular rectangle).
b) Unassembled ocular covering double eye - For the ocular which covers
double eyes and are unassembled on the frame, the test reference point
R is on the horizontal center line of the ocular and is away from the vertical
center line by PD/2 (PD is the interpupillary distance, b is the ocular height,
as shown in Figure 2).
c) Assembled ocular - For the ocular assembled to the frame or as an integral
part of eye protector, the test reference point R is located at the wearing
position at the intersection of the horizontal line of sight and the ocular (as
shown in Figure 3).
5 Test method of optical performance
5.1 Spherical power, astigmatic power, prismatic deviation
5.1.1 Focimeter method
5.1.1.1 Instruments
Qualified focimeter.
5.1.1.2 Test procedure
After confirming the reference point according to 4.3, place the back surface of
the specimen on the support of focimeter and make the reference point on the
optical axis of the focimeter. Then perform the test.
5.1.2 Telescope method
5.1.2.1 Instruments
Instrument composition:
a) Telescope: Use a telescope which has a nominal aperture of 20 mm, a
magnification of between 10 and 30 times, a reticle and an adjustable
eyepiece;
b) Target board: As shown in Figure 4, the target board is a black sheet with
a cutting pattern. Place a light source with adjustable luminance and a
condenser behind the target board. If necessary, it may focus the enlarged
image of the light source on the objective ocular of the telescope. The
outer ring’s diameter of the large ring of the target board is (23.0 ± 0.1)
mm, the ring hole is (0.6 ± 0.1) mm; the inner ring’s diameter of the small
ring is (11.0 ± 0.1) mm, the ring hole is (0.6 ± 0.1) mm. The diameter of
the center hole of the target board is (0.6 ± 0.1) mm. The nominal length
of the long plate target is 20 mm; the width is 2 mm; the interval is 2 mm;
c) Filter: In order to introduce chromatic aberration, it may use a filter which
has peak transmittance in the green light spectrum;
d) Calibration lenses: Use positive and negative calibration lenses with
spherical powers of 0.06 m-1,0.12 m-1, 0.25 m-1 (tolerance is ± 0.01 m-1).
to ensure the accurate determination of the solid angle ω, the measurement
error of the ring diameter of the ring diaphragm shall not exceed 0.01 mm,
meanwhile any deviation from the nominal diameter shall be corrected in the
calculation.
5.5.3.2 Test procedure
During the test, after determining the reference test point according to 4.3, first
place the specimen in the parallel beam at position P in Figure 7. Make the
reference point on the optical axis of the tester. At the same time, select the BL
circular diaphragm. The luminous flux Φ1L as obtained from the photoelectric
detector corresponds to the luminous flux of non-scattered light transmitted
through the specimen. Then change the BL circular diaphragm into the BR
circular diaphragm. The photoelectric detector detects the scattered light’s flux
Φ1R as caused jointly by the specimen and the device. Finally, place the
specimen in the P' position. The photoelectric detector detects the scattered
light’s flux Φ2R which is caused only by the device. The difference (Φ1R - Φ2R)
represents the scattered light as generated by the tested specimen. The
average reduced luminance coefficient within the solid angle ω is calculated
according to formula (2):
Where:
l* - The reduced luminance coefficient, in candela lux per square meter [cd /
(m2 · lx)];
Φ1R - The luminous flux of the ring diaphragm when the specimen is at the
P position, in lumens (lm);
Φ2R - The luminous flux of the ring diaphragm when the specimen is at the
position P', in lumens (lm);
Φ1L - The luminous flux of the circular diaphragm when the specimen is at
the P position, in lumens (lm);
ω - The solid-angle, which is determined by the ring diaphragm, in spherical
power (sr).
Explanation:
L - Laser light source which has a wavelength of (600 ± 70) nm;
Note: It is recommended to use category 2 laser products, which has a power of less than
1 mW and the beam diameter of 0.6 mm ~ 1.0 mm.
L1 - Lens which has a nominal focal length of 10 mm;
L2 - Lens which has a nominal focal length of 30 mm;
B - Circular diaphragm (aperture is 0.1 mm, which can produce a uniform beam);
P - Specimen;
BR - Ring diaphragm, which has an outer ring diameter of (28.0 ± 0.1) mm and an inner ring
diameter of (21.0 ± 0.1) mm;
BL - Circular diaphragm which has a light transmission diameter of 10 mm;
A - Lens which has a nominal diameter of 30 mm and a nominal focal length of 200 mm;
S - Photoelectric detector.
Figure 8 -- Narrow angle scatter tester (simplified method)
5.5.4.2 Test procedure
5.5.4.2.1 Reduced luminance coefficient of instrument
The reduced luminance coefficient of the instrument is tested as follows:
a) During the test, the specimen to be tested is not placed at P, whilst the
ring diaphragm BR is placed at the position as shown in the Figure;
b) Rotate the detector S, lens A and ring diaphragm BR horizontally with P as
the center, until the extended beam passing through L1, L2 and B is in the
same straight-line with the center of the ring diaphragm BR; the luminous
flux Φ1R as measured on the detector S is the scattered light flux of the
instrument itself;
c) Replace the BR ring diaphragm with a BL circular diaphragm; the luminous
flux Φ1L as measured on the detector S is the total non-scattered light
energy.
The reduced luminance coefficient l*q as generated by the instrument is
calculated according to the formula (3):
Where:
l*a - The reduced luminance coefficient of the instrument, in is candela lux
5.6.2 Test procedure
The human eye is about 700 mm away from the dark box’s background. Turn
on the fluorescent lamp in the dark box and place the ocular to be tested 400
mm away from the dark box’s background. Adjust the opaque shading plate
between the ocular and the fluorescent lamp, to obtain the best luminance of
the ocular while avoiding the light source directly hits the human eye. Then
visually inspect the material and surface quality of the area within 5 mm of the
ocular edge.
If there is any disagreement on the test results of the material and surface
quality, it may use a beam which has a nominal diameter of 5 mm to irradiate
the area with the disagreement, to test its refractive power value (see 5.1),
transmission value (see 5.3), light scattering value (see 5.4 and 5.5) .
6 Test methods of non-optical performance
6.1 Impact resistance test
6.1.1 Oculars
6.1.1.1 Instruments
The test instrument is as shown in Figure 10. The basic structure can be divided
into upper and lower parts. The upper half is the elevation column. The part
connected to the elevation column is the positioning ruler, which can be
adjusted freely and slide freely up and down. The required height can be
positioned by a fixing bolt. The outer end of the positioning ruler has a steel ball
feeding hole. A collimated laser is fixed directly above the hole center
(recommended to use category 1 or 1M laser products), which is used for
aligning the center of the steel ball feeding hole and the center of the tested
specimen. The lower part is the specimen base, which is composed of a steel
cylinder and a pressure ring. The inner diameter of the cylinder is about 5 mm
smaller than the diameter of the ocular to be tested. The mass of the pressure
ring is about 250 g. The inner diameter is the same as the inner diameter of the
cylinder. The outer diameter is slightly larger than the cylinder. A rubber washer
which has a thickness of about 3 mm and an international rubber hardness of
(40 ± 5) IRHD is placed on the upper and lower surfaces of the ocular to be
tested, respectively; its inner diameter is the same as that of the cylinder. For
oculars with curvature, the curvature of the cylinder and the pressure ring shall
be consistent with the concave and convex surfaces of the ocular, respectively.
a piece of white paper and carbon paper between the headform and the
specimen. The white paper is on the side of the headform and the carbon paper
is on the side of the ocular. The steel ball feeding point is right above the
specimen. The effective range of steel ball hitting the specimen is a circular
area with a radius of 10 mm centered on the test reference point as determined
in 4.3c). If the specimen has side protection, the side shield shall also be
subjected to an impact test. The effective range of the steel ball impacting the
side shield is the circular side protection area with a radius of 10 mm centered
on the outer corner of the headform eye.
The impact test is carried out after pretreatment under the following conditions:
a) The specimen is heated to (55 ± 2) °C and kept at this temperature for at
least 1 h;
b) The specimen is cooled to (-5 ± 2) °C and kept at this temperature for at
least 1 h.
Each impact test and each pretreatment condition shall use a new specimen.
The test shall be carried out within 30 s after the completion of thermal-
insulation.
6.2 Thermal resistance test
6.2.1 Instruments
Oven, the temperature in the oven shall be uniform and maintained at (55 ±
2) °C.
6.2.2 Test procedure
First adjust the temperature in the oven to (55 ± 2) °C. Then put the specimen
into the oven. The ocular surface shall not contact the oven wall. After keeping
the temperature for (60 ± 5) min, take out the specimen and place it under
normal temperature for at least 60 min. Perform visual inspection.
6.3 UV radiation stability test
6.3.1 Instruments
The design of the ultraviolet irradiation box shall be reasonable, to ensure that
the ocular surface is perpendicular to the ultraviolet irradiation direction. The
ocular does not touch the inner wall of the box.
The source of ultraviolet radiation shall be a high-pressure xenon lamp. Under
working conditions, the pressure of the xenon gas in the lamp shall be stabilized
Immerse it in a 10% (mass solution) sodium chloride (NaCl) boiling water
solution. After soaking it for 15 min, take it out of the boiling water solution. Then
immerse it in 10% (mass fraction) sodium chloride (NaCl) water solution at room
temperature. After soaking it for 15 min, take it out and do not wipe off the
adhesive solution. Put it at room temperature for 24 hours. Then use warm
water to wash the metal parts and wait for it to dry. Visually check whether the
surface has oxidation.
6.5 Flame retardance test
6.5.1 Instruments
Test instruments include:
a) A steel rod which has a length of (300 ± 3) mm and a diameter of 6 mm,
with a flat bottom perpendicular to the axial direction of the steel rod;
b) Heat source;
c) Thermocouple thermometer and display device;
d) Timer, which has a maximum allowable error of ± 0.1 s.
6.5.2 Test procedure
Heat one end of the steel rod. The steel rod with a length of at least 50 mm
shall reach (650 ± 20) °C. The temperature measurement point is (20 ± 1) mm
from the heating end of the steel rod. Put the steel rod in vertical contact with
the surface of the specimen, without applying external force. Remove the steel
rod after (5.0 ± 0.5) s.
After removing the steel rod, observe whether the specimen has continued
burning or smoldering.
Except for the elastic headband and the fabric at the edges, all exposed parts
of occupational eye and face protector shall be subjected to this test.
6.6 High-speed particle impact resistance test
6.6.1 Instruments
The test instrument consists of a launcher, a timer, a headform, as shown in
Figure 12.
The launcher is mainly composed of a steel tube of appropriate size. It shall
a) A circular area with a radius of 10 mm centered on the reference point
determined by 4.3c);
b) A circular side protection area with a radius of 10 mm centered on the
outer corner of the headform eye.
A new specimen shall be used for each impact test.
6.7 Heavy object impact resistance test
6.7.1 Instruments
Fix the headform horizontally on a base larger than 30 kg. The hardness of the
headform needs to be able to withstand 20 kg of vertical downward pressure
on the forehead; the back of the headform cannot be inclined more than 2 mm.
The impactor needs to be made of stainless steel, with a 30° conical head, a
ball diameter of 3.175 mm, a mass of g, a diameter of 25.4 mm, as
shown in Figure 13. The impactor shall be placed at a height of 1270 mm right
above the headform with the tip facing down. Care must be taken to maintain
the tip structure and the mass of the impactor.
The impactor shall fall freely from a loose-conducting tube with a uniform inner
diameter, to prevent the tilting or runaway of the impactor.
6.7.2 Test procedure
Put the specimen to be tested on the headform according to the normal wearing
position. Adjust the tightness of the specimen’s headband according to the
product manual. When the impactor falls, the impact point needs to be in line
with the center point of any eye of the headform. In order to protect the test
personnel, the casing shall be fixed and the height of the lower end of the casing
from the impact point is 180 mm.
The effective range of the impact specimen is a circular area with a radius of 10
mm centered on the reference point determined by 4.3c).
A new specimen shall be used for each impact test.
6.8.2 Test procedure
Put the specimen to be tested on the headform wrapped with absorbent cotton
in the normal use position. Put the blotting paper soaked with indicator between
the absorbent cotton cloth and the specimen. Spray 5 mL ~ 10 mL of sodium
carbonate solution which has a concentration of 0.1 mol/L, until the blotting
paper at the edge of the specimen becomes a uniform deep red. The sprinkler
and the headform are separated by 600 mm; the headform is sprinkled from all
directions. Then, check whether the parts inside the two circles on the blotting
paper change color.
6.9 Ocular surface wear resistance test
6.9.1 Instruments
The sand falling test instrument is as shown in Figure 14.
6.9.2 Cleaning of specimen
Oculars shall be cleaned using the cleaning method recommended by the
product. If it does not recommend the cleaning method for the product, it may
use an aqueous solution of detergent at a concentration of (1.0 ± 0.2)% to clean
the ocular. The temperature of the cleaning solution should be (27 ± 3) °C. Then
use distilled water to rinse the residual solution on the ocular. Finally, use a
clean cloth or ocular paper to wipe off the moisture on the ocular.
The cleaned specimen shall not be contaminated or damaged.
6.9.3 Test procedure
Choose a suitable shape of the specimen. It shall fix the specimen on the ocular
holding bench as shown in Figure 14. When the turntable rotates, the abrasive
drops. After all the abrasive drops, remove the ocular and clean the ocular
according to the method in 6.9.2. Then use the method as specified in 5.4 to
measure its wide angle scatter or use the method as specified in 5.5 to measure
its narrow angle scatter.
6.9.4 Test conditions
Test conditions include:
a) The abrasive’s mass is 400 g;
b) The amount of abrasive drop is about 60 g/min ~ 80 g/min;
c) The abrasive shall fall vertically at the center of the ocular and be at 45°
to the ocular surface;
6.10 Ocular anti-fogging performance test
6.10.1 Instruments
This test instrument is used to determine the change of the non-scattered light
transmittance of the ocular, as shown in Figure 15.
The nominal diameter of the parallel beam is 10 mm; the choice of beam splitter,
receiver, lens L3 shall ensure that the 0.75° scattered light is captured. If the
nominal focal length of L3 is 400 mm, the diameter of the receiver diaphragm
shall be 10 mm. The plane where the receiver diaphragm is located shall be at
the focal plane of lens L3.
The reference focal lengths of lens L1 and lens L2 are 10 mm and 100 mm,
respectively.
The light source shall be (600 ± 70) nm laser.
The water-free space in the water bath is at least 4 L. The diameter and height
of the ring base are 35 mm and 24 mm, respectively. If the specimen is a
cylindrical ocular, the top of the ring base shall be adjusted to match the
curvature of the specimen. The height of the ring base 24 mm is measured from
the highest point of the ring base. The rubber soft ring of nominal thickness of
3 mm and width of 3 mm shall be placed between the ring base and the
specimen.
There shall also be a fan to promote air circulation and a device to maintain the
constant temperature of the water bath.
6.10.2 Specimen
At least 4 sets of specimens of the same type shall be prepared. Before testing,
first place the specimen in distilled water at (23 ± 5) °C for 1 h ~ 2 h (the surface
of the specimen shall have at least 5 cm3 of water per square meter). Then take
out the specimen and pat dry with a cloth. Put it in air at temperature and relative
humidity of (23 ± 5) °C and 50%, respectively, for at least 12 h.
6.10.3 Test procedure
Cover the test window. Set the water temperature in the water bath to (50 ±
0.5) °C. Turn on the fan in the water bath, until the water bath is full of saturated
steam. Then turn off the fan. Open the test window. The specimen shall be
placed in the test position within 2 s of opening the test window.
Test the change in the transmittance τr of the specimen on the ring base; record
the time when τ2r decreases to 80% before the specimen fogs. The square of
the transmittance τ2r is calculated according to formula (7):
...... Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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