GB/T 31486-2024 PDF English
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Electrical performance requirements and test methods for traction battery of electric vehicle
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GB/T 31486-2024: PDF in English (GBT 31486-2024) GB/T 31486-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.120
CCS T 47
Replacing GB/T 31486-2015
Electrical Performance Requirements and Test Methods for
Traction Battery of Electric Vehicle
ISSUED ON. SEPTEMBER 29, 2024
IMPLEMENTED ON. APRIL 1, 2025
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 6
2 Normative References... 6
3 Terms and Definitions... 6
4 Symbols... 7
5 Performance Requirements... 7
5.1 Appearance... 7
5.2 Polarity Markings... 8
5.3 Mass and Overall Dimensions... 8
5.4 Room Temperature Discharge Capacity... 8
5.5 Room Temperature Rate Discharge Capacity... 8
5.6 Room Temperature Rate Charging Performance... 8
5.7 Low Temperature Discharge Capacity... 8
5.8 High Temperature Discharge Capacity... 8
5.9 Charge Holding and Capacity Recovery Capabilities... 8
5.10 Storage... 9
6 Test Methods... 9
6.1 Test Conditions... 9
6.2 Test Methods... 10
6.3 Test Items... 15
Appendix A (normative) Test Tooling of High and Low Temperature Test Chambers 16
Bibliography... 18
Electrical Performance Requirements and Test Methods for
Traction Battery of Electric Vehicle
1 Scope
This document specifies the electrical performance requirements for traction battery cells of
electric vehicles (hereinafter referred to as the “battery cells”) and describes the corresponding
test methods.
This document is applicable to lithium-ion batteries and metal hydride nickel battery cells
installed on electric vehicles. Other types of batteries may take this as a reference.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 10592-2023 Specifications for High / low Temperature Testing Chambers
GB/T 19596 Terminology of Electric Vehicles
GB 38031 Electric Vehicles Traction Battery Safety Requirements
3 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 19596 and GB 38031, and the following are
applicable to this document.
3.1 high energy battery
At room temperature, batteries with the ratio of the maximum allowable output electric power
(W) to 3 I3 rate discharge energy (Wh) less than 10.
NOTE. high energy batteries are generally applied to pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid
electric vehicles.
[source. GB/T 19596-2017, 3.3.1.1.1.3, modified]
3.2 high power battery
At room temperature, batteries with the ratio of the maximum allowable output electric power
5.2 Polarity Markings
The battery cells shall be inspected in accordance with 6.2.2.The terminal polarity markings
shall be correct and clear.
5.3 Mass and Overall Dimensions
The battery cells shall be inspected in accordance with 6.2.3.The mass and overall dimensions
shall comply with the product technical conditions provided by the manufacturer.
5.4 Room Temperature Discharge Capacity
The battery cells shall be tested in accordance with 6.2.5, and their initial capacity shall not be
less than the rated capacity and not exceed 110% of the rated capacity. At the same time, the
initial capacity range of all test objects shall not be greater than 5% of the average initial
capacity.
NOTE. the range is the difference between the maximum and minimum values of all samples.
5.5 Room Temperature Rate Discharge Capacity
The high energy battery cells shall be tested in accordance with 6.2.6.1, and their discharge
capacity shall not be less than 95% of the initial capacity.
The high power battery cells shall be tested in accordance with 6.2.6.2, and their discharge
capacity shall not be less than 80% of the initial capacity.
5.6 Room Temperature Rate Charging Performance
The battery cells shall be tested in accordance with 6.2.7, and their discharge capacity shall not
be less than 80% of the initial capacity.
5.7 Low Temperature Discharge Capacity
Lithium-ion battery cells shall be tested in accordance with 6.2.8, and their discharge capacity
shall not be less than 70% of the initial capacity.
Metal hydride nickel battery cells shall be tested in accordance with 6.2.8, and their discharge
capacity shall not be less than 80% of the initial capacity.
5.8 High Temperature Discharge Capacity
The battery cells shall be tested in accordance with 6.2.9, and their discharge capacity shall not
be less than 95% of the initial capacity.
5.9 Charge Holding and Capacity Recovery Capabilities
Lithium-ion battery cells shall be tested in accordance with 6.2.10.Their room temperature and
high temperature charge holding capacity shall not be less than 90% of the initial capacity, and
the recovery capacity shall not be lower than 95% of the initial capacity. At the same time, the
high temperature charge holding capacity and high temperature recovery capacity range of all
test objects shall not be greater than 5% of the average initial capacity, and the energy efficiency
range shall not be greater than 5% of the average energy efficiency of all test objects.
Metal hydride nickel battery cells shall be tested in accordance with 6.2.10.Their room
temperature charge holding capacity shall not be less than 83% of the initial capacity, high
temperature charge holding capacity shall not be less than 70% of the initial capacity, and
recovery capacity shall not be less than 95% of the initial capacity. At the same time, the high
temperature charge holding capacity and high temperature recovery capacity range of all test
objects shall not be greater than 5% of the average initial capacity, and the energy efficiency
range shall not be greater than 5% of the average energy efficiency of all test objects.
5.10 Storage
The battery cells shall be tested in accordance with 6.2.11, and their recovery capacity shall not
be less than 95% of the initial capacity. At the same time, the recovery capacity range of all test
objects shall not be greater than 5% of the average initial capacity, and the energy efficiency
range shall not be greater than 5% of the average energy efficiency of all test objects.
6 Test Methods
6.1 Test Conditions
6.1.1 General conditions
6.1.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, the test shall be conducted in an environment with a room
temperature of 25 C 2 C, a relative humidity of 10% ~ 90%, and an atmospheric pressure
of 86 kPa ~ 106 kPa.
6.1.1.2 When the target ambient temperature of the test changes, before carrying out the test,
the battery cells shall be placed at the target ambient temperature for 12 hours to complete
environmental adaptation. Meanwhile, when the following conditions are satisfied, it may be
terminated early.
a) The difference between the battery cell temperature and the target ambient
temperature does not exceed 2 C;
b) The change rate of the battery cell temperature is not greater than 1 C/h within at
least 30 minutes.
6.1.1.3 The wind speed of the high and low temperature test chambers shall not be greater than
1.7 m/s, or the test tooling that complies with the requirements of Appendix A shall be used.
6.1.1.4 Before the test, the manufacturer shall provide parameters, such as. rated capacity, rated
energy, charge termination voltage and discharge termination voltage, etc.
NOTE. for square and pouch batteries, measure the length, width and height; for cylindrical
batteries, measure the diameter and height.
6.2.4 Standard charge
At room temperature, discharge the high energy batteries at a current of 1 I3 and the high power
batteries at a current of 1 I1 to the discharge termination voltage specified in the manufacturer’s
technical conditions. Let them sit for 1 hour (or a time of no more than 1 hour provided by the
manufacturer), then, charge in accordance with the charging method provided by the
manufacturer, or the following charging methods.
a) For lithium-ion batteries, charge with a constant current specified by the manufacturer
and not less than 1 I3, until reaching the charge termination voltage specified in the
manufacturer’s technical conditions, then, switch to constant voltage charging. When
the charge current drops to 0.15 I3, stop charging. After charging, let them sit for 1
hour (or a time of no more than 1 hour provided by the manufacturer);
b) For metal hydride nickel batteries, charge with a constant current specified by the
manufacturer and not less than 1 I1 for 1 hour, then, charge with 0.2 I1 for 0.5 hour.
After charging, let them sit for 1 hour (or a time of no more than 1 hour provided by
the manufacturer).
6.2.5 Room temperature discharge capacity
The room temperature discharge capacity test shall be carried out in accordance with the
following steps.
a) Charge the battery cells in accordance with the method of 6.2.4;
b) At room temperature, discharge the high energy batteries at a current of 1 I3 and the
high power batteries at a current of 1 I1, until reaching the discharge termination
voltage specified in the manufacturer’s technical conditions;
c) Measure the discharge capacity (in Ah), and calculate the discharge energy (in Wh)
and discharge specific energy (in Wh/kg);
d) Repeat steps a) ~ c) for 5 times. When the range of three consecutive test results is
less than 3% of the rated capacity, the test may be terminated early; take the average
value of the last three test results as the initial capacity.
6.2.6 Room temperature rate discharge capacity
6.2.6.1 High energy batteries
6.2.6.1.1 The data recording interval for the room temperature rate discharge capacity test shall
not be greater than 100 ms.
6.2.6.1.2 The room temperature rate discharge capacity test shall be carried out in accordance
with the following steps.
a) Charge the battery cells in accordance with the method of 6.2.4;
b) At room temperature, discharge the battery cells at a current of 3 I3, until reaching the
discharge termination voltage specified in the manufacturer’s technical conditions;
c) Measure the discharge capacity (in Ah).
6.2.6.2 High power batteries
6.2.6.2.1 The data recording interval for the room temperature rate discharge capacity test shall
not be greater than 100 ms.
6.2.6.2.2 The room temperature rate discharge capacity test shall be carried out in accordance
with the following steps.
a) Charge the battery cells in accordance with the method of 6.2.4;
b) At room temperature, discharge the battery cells at a current of 10 I1 (the maximum
current does not exceed 800 A), until reaching the discharge termination voltage
specified in the manufacturer’s technical conditions;
c) Measure the discharge capacity (in Ah).
6.2.7 Room temperature rate charging performance
The room temperature rate charging performance test shall be carried out in accordance with
the following steps.
a) At room temperature, discharge the high energy batteries at a current of 1 I3 and the
high power batteries at a current of 1 I1, until reaching the discharge termination
voltage specified in the manufacturer's technical conditions, then, let them sit for 1
hour;
b) At room temperature, charge the battery cells in accordance with the charging strategy
specified by the manufacturer to the charge termination conditions specified by the
manufacturer, and the total charging time shall not exceed 30 minutes; let them sit for
1 hour;
c) At room temperature, discharge the high energy batteries at a current of 1 I3 and the
high power batteries at a current of 1 I1, until reaching the discharge termination
voltage specified in the manufacturer’s technical conditions;
d) Measure the discharge capacity (in Ah).
6.2.8 Low temperature discharge capacity
The low temperature discharge capacity test shall be carried out in accordance with the
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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